{"id":9917,"date":"2013-04-21T15:08:47","date_gmt":"2013-04-21T12:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=9917"},"modified":"2013-04-21T15:09:34","modified_gmt":"2013-04-21T12:09:34","slug":"iranin-nukleer-programini-odtululer-mi-yapiyor-ve-stuxnet-v0-5-virusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/iranin-nukleer-programini-odtululer-mi-yapiyor-ve-stuxnet-v0-5-virusu\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n N\u00fckleer Program\u0131n\u0131 ODT\u00dc\u2019l\u00fcler mi Yap\u0131yor? \u201cStuxnet v0.5\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

De\u011ferli Okurlar\u0131m, <\/strong>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131 25 Kas\u0131m 2006 g\u00fcn\u00fc Milliyet gazetesinde \u201cMetin M\u00fcnir\u201d imzas\u0131 ile yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u0130\u00e7inde bir okur mektubuna at\u0131f vard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Makale \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u015fka internet sayfas\u0131nda (friendly-share) tekrar yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bahsi ge\u00e7en okur benim.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

1968 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi (ODT\u00dc) Makina M\u00fchendisli\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde N\u00fckleer dal\u0131 vard\u0131.
\nBuradan, \u00e7ok say\u0131da, o d\u00f6nemin n\u00fckleer bilgileriyle ihtisas yapm\u0131\u015f de\u011ferli arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z yeti\u015fti. Aralar\u0131nda Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerinden gelenler vard\u0131. \u0130ran\u2019dan gelenler de vard\u0131.
\nSonra herkes kendi \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve kariyer yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu konuda yeti\u015fenler \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye Elektrik Kurumu (TEK) N\u00fckleer dairesinde i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nAradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7ti.
\nT\u00fcrkiye kendi \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun makul bir teknoloji geli\u015ftiremedi. \u0130\u015f tavsad\u0131. \u0130haleler yolsuzluk haberleriyle doldu. Bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yat\u0131r\u0131m hacminin finansal riskini Hazine\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131layamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle IMF sonunda n\u00fckleer konusunu h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kapatmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. TEK N\u00fckleer Dairesi kapat\u0131ld\u0131.
\nVe olay bitti.<\/p>\n

68 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

1968 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan bug\u00fcne 38 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mi\u015f.
\nODT\u00dc Makina (M\u00fchendisli\u011fi) N\u00fckleer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bitirenler ne yapt\u0131 dersiniz?
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunanlar kendi i\u015flerini kurdular. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu.
\nK\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc santrallarda b\u00fcy\u00fck kapasiteli k\u00f6m\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131ma hatlar\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Mekanik montaj i\u015fleri yapt\u0131lar. Kendi fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 kurdular.
\nKamuda ba\u015fka alanlarda y\u00fckseldiler.
\nBaz\u0131lar\u0131 yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na gitti. Gittikleri \u00fclkelerin n\u00fckleer santrallar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Kanada, \u0130svi\u00e7re, ABD\u2019de \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fcst d\u00fczey profesyonel kadrolar\u0131 doldurdular.<\/p>\n

En inan\u0131lmaz\u0131, ODT\u00dc Makina N\u00fckleer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (\u0130ranl\u0131) mezunlar\u0131, \u0130ranl\u0131 m\u00fchendislerle bug\u00fcn \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer santrallar\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yor, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ran\u2019\u0131n n\u00fckleer teknolojisi ODT\u00dc Makina N\u00fckleer b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, 1968 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ke\u015fke biz de ayn\u0131 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131lc\u0131 kullanabilseydik\u2026..<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk firmalar\u0131 kendi teknolojilerini \u00fcretemedi. B\u0131rak\u0131n n\u00fckleeri, basit k\u00f6m\u00fcr yakan termik santral bile \u00fcretemedi. Yerli firmalar\u0131m\u0131z i\u015flerini h\u00e2l\u00e2 basit, \u201cin\u015faat art\u0131 saha montaj\u0131\u201d amele kapsam\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Biz h\u00e2l\u00e2 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hesaplarla b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fleri yapabilece\u011fimizi san\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

* * *
\nYukar\u0131daki, geni\u015f bir \u00f6zetini okudu\u011funuz mektubu 1973 ODT\u00dc mezunu Haluk Direskeneli\u2019den ald\u0131m.
\nPartizanl\u0131k, profesyonel k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131, ufuksuzluk, plans\u0131zl\u0131k, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7ok \u015feyler kaybettirdi ve kaybettirmeye devam ediyor. ODT\u00dc\u2019n\u00fcn 1968 n\u00fckleer m\u00fchendis ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131p nesillerden sadece biridir.
\nD\u00fcnya yenilenebilir enerji ve n\u00fckleerin h\u00e2kim olaca\u011f\u0131 yeni bir d\u00f6nemin e\u015fi\u011finde. Bu sahalara y\u00fcz milyarlarca dolarlar yat\u0131r\u0131lacak, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6n verecek yeni bulu\u015flar yap\u0131lacak. Biz her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi, k\u00e2h karanl\u0131kta, k\u00e2h ayd\u0131nl\u0131kta, k\u0131y\u0131dan seyredece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Milliyet 25 Kas\u0131m 2006 Metin M\u00fcnir.<\/p>\n

***
\n1968 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015fka neler de\u011fi\u015fti?? ODT\u00dc y\u00f6netimi, 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k N\u00fckleer e\u011fitimini 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda kapatt\u0131, 2000\u2032den fazla yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f MSc ve PhD tezi k\u00fct\u00fcphanede duruyor. ODT\u00dc, \u00e7evre ve yenilenebilir enerji e\u011fitimine ge\u00e7ti. N\u00fckleer konusunu yeniden a\u00e7maya hi\u00e7 niyeti yok.<\/p>\n

Oysa N\u00fckleer santral tasar\u0131m\u0131, m\u00fchendisli\u011fi, imalat\u0131, montaj\u0131 ve i\u015fletmesi, Makina M\u00fchendisli\u011finin alt disiplinidir. N\u00fckleer santral prensipte bir termik santraldir. Fosil yak\u0131t yerine n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t kullan\u0131l\u0131r. N\u00fckleer \u00e7ekirdek sonras\u0131 tamamen bir termik santral tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Makina M\u00fchendisleri N\u00fckleer teknolojiden uzak olamazlar.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD ve Israel ortak bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile \u201cStuxnet v.0.5\u201d isimli bir bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcrettiler. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda vir\u00fcs ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n izni ve gizli servislerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile haf\u0131za \u00e7ubu\u011fu kullan\u0131larak Iran Busheir Natanz N\u00fckleer santrallerinin kontrol merkezi Siemens Scada bilgisayarlar\u0131na bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Santraldeki t\u00fcm bilgisayarlar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n evlerindeki t\u00fcm PC\u2019ler \u00e7\u00f6pe gitti. T\u00fcm\u00fc yenilendi. Santral in\u015faat devreye alma s\u00fcreci 2 (iki) y\u0131l gecikti.<\/p>\n

Bu arada Vir\u00fcs \u0130ranl\u0131 bilgisayar m\u00fchendisleri taraf\u0131ndan izole edildi, mimarisi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc, daha tehlikeli eklemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u0130ran d\u0131\u015f\u0131na geri g\u00f6nderildi. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde 2 (iki) adet herbiri 1000 Mwe g\u00fc\u00e7te ABD N\u00fckleer santrali bu vir\u00fcs y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 3 hafta devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kald\u0131. Zarar tahminen 100 milyon US Dolar\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n

Google ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z her arama, gmail ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z her ileti\u015fim, \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Birader\u201d taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zleniyor. Bu y\u00fczden Iran, google ve gmail kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Stuxnet v0.5 Vir\u00fcs\u00fc ve ondan \u00fcretilen yeni klon vir\u00fcs (Flame) \u00e7ok tehlikeli sava\u015f silah\u0131 durumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Gelecekte n\u00fckleer kontrol sistemini sadece durdurmakla kalmayacak, istem d\u0131\u015f\u0131- kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fletmeye ge\u00e7ebilecek. Kaza durumunda a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 veya kapanmas\u0131 gereken valfler, sistemler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayabilir, veya yanl\u0131\u015f- ters \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, sonu yeni bir \u201cThree-Mile Island\u201d, \u201cChernobyl\u201d veya \u201cFukushima\u201d felaketi olabilir. B\u00f6yle sald\u0131r\u0131 Akkuyu N\u00fckleer Santrali kontrol odas\u0131 bilgisayarlar\u0131na yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, santral g\u00fcvenli\u011fini kim nas\u0131l kontrol edecek?? Ortada bir savunma zaafiyeti yokmu? Bilim-kurgu felaketi gibi ama durum b\u00f6yle.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015fan askerler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k sadece cephane, top, t\u00fcfek, tabanca kullanm\u0131yorlar. Ekran ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Siber asker m\u00fchendisler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130nsans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ABD Nevada \u00fcss\u00fcnden kontrol ediliyor ve Afganistan\u2019da harekat yap\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Bizim co\u011frafyam\u0131z zor. Bu co\u011frafyada varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 devam ettirebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmak zorunday\u0131z. Etraf\u0131m\u0131zda n\u00fckleer silah\u0131 olan tehlikeli kom\u015fulara kar\u015f\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flamak zorunday\u0131z. Sadece savunma ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 yetmiyor. Kendi kontrol\u00fcm\u00fczde konvensiyonel ve gerekiyorsa n\u00fckleer silah sahibi olmam\u0131z gerek. Bunlar insans\u0131z hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olur (Drone), ATAK helikopteri olur, F-16 veya F-35 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olur, gerekiyorsa n\u00fckleer silah olur. Bu y\u00fczden n\u00fckleersiz bir T\u00fcrkiye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zor.<\/p>\n

Normal y\u00f6ntemler ile sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namay\u0131nca, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda sorgulamaya- denetlemeye kapal\u0131, dayatmac\u0131 ve kolayc\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle Kuzey Kom\u015fumuza Akkuyu N\u00fckleer santrali projesi do\u011frudan ihale edildi. \u0130lk b\u00fct\u00e7e fiyat 20 milyar US Dolar ve ilk i\u015fletmeye al\u0131n\u0131\u015f 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 idi, sonra revizyon yap\u0131ld\u0131- rakamlar de\u011fi\u015fti, b\u00fct\u00e7e artt\u0131- y\u00fckseldi, ilk i\u015fletme tarihi herhalde ileriye \u00f6telendi. M\u00fcteahhit gurup i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk hissedar yok. At\u0131k kontrol\u00fc ve santral bilgisayar kontrolleri- g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bizce net de\u011fil. Zaten insiyatif \u2013 in\u015faat kontrol\u00fc art\u0131k bizde de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Bizim co\u011frafyada bize n\u00fckleer teknoloji, makul kapasitede n\u00fckleer santral laz\u0131m, ancak kapasite, yer ve uygulanan y\u00f6ntem ne derece do\u011fru? Bir siyasi proje, ancak siyasi kredi ile finanse edilebilir. Siyasi kredi zaman i\u00e7inde biter. B\u00fcy\u00fck projeler ticari kredi deste\u011fi ile y\u00fcr\u00fcr. Siyasi projenin ticari kredi bulmas\u0131 zordur, belkide imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Projenin temel tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Kafalarda bir s\u00fcr\u00fc soru var.
\n\u00c7ok s\u0131cak (+30C) deniz suyu ile Akkuyu n\u00fckleer santrali nas\u0131l so\u011futulacak?
\nAt\u0131k kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kim nas\u0131l yapacak? At\u0131klar nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131nacak, nereye ta\u015f\u0131nacak?
\n\u201cAllah Muhafaza\u201d bir kaza durumunda \u00e7evre insan\u0131n\u0131 kurtaracak, \u201cAcil tahliye plan\u0131\u201d varm\u0131?<\/p>\n

Her y\u0131l 75 gen\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencimizi e\u011fitime g\u00f6nderiyoruz. N\u00fckleer santral i\u015fletme e\u011fitimi al\u0131yorlar, n\u00fckleer tasar\u0131m m\u00fchendisi de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok n\u00fckleer santral operat\u00f6r\u00fc olarak e\u011fitiliyorlar<\/strong>. Tecr\u00fcbesiz yeni mezunlara n\u00fckleer santral sorumlulu\u011funu bir anda nas\u0131l verece\u011fiz?-<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce ayn\u0131 ihale y\u00f6ntemi ile yine Kuzey kom\u015fumuz taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan 210 Mwe Bursa Orhaneli termik santrali, Seydi\u015eehir Aluminyum Tesisleri, Iskenderun Demir ve \u00c7elik fabrikas\u0131, bizim ortam\u0131m\u0131zda d\u00fczg\u00fcn- kesintisiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015famad\u0131lar. Kuzey Kom\u015fumuzun \u00e7ok so\u011fuk iklimine uyumlu tasar\u0131mlar, bizim \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ortam\u0131m\u0131za uyum g\u00f6steremedi. \u0130\u015fletmede \u00e7abuk ya\u015fland\u0131lar, piyasa uyumlulu\u011fu ve s\u00fcreklili\u011fi g\u00f6steremediler.<\/p>\n

Fransa\u2019da elektri\u011fin %80\u2032i n\u00fckleerden \u00fcretiliyor, ancak t\u00fcm santraller Frans\u0131z tasar\u0131m\u0131, Frans\u0131z \u00fcretimi. \u0130\u015fletme t\u00fcm\u00fcyle Frans\u0131z personel taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131yor. At\u0131k y\u00f6netiminde sorunlar\u0131 var, ancak her\u015fey kendilerinden. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm de kendilerinden. Ortada yabanc\u0131 yok. Bizimki t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bize yabanc\u0131. Bu i\u015f nas\u0131l olacak bilemem. En derin sayg\u0131lar\u0131mla.<\/p>\n

Yazan: Haluk Direskeneli<\/p>\n

Kaynak: <\/em>Ekonomik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.De\u011ferli Okurlar\u0131m, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yaz\u0131 25 Kas\u0131m 2006 g\u00fcn\u00fc Milliyet gazetesinde \u201cMetin M\u00fcnir\u201d imzas\u0131 ile yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u0130\u00e7inde bir okur mektubuna at\u0131f vard\u0131. Makale \u00e7ok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,43],"tags":[63,67,4679,1333,21,88,4681,4682,985,4680,4678,438,846],"views":851,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9917"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9917"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9917\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9922,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9917\/revisions\/9922"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}