{"id":98073,"date":"2019-08-31T18:00:28","date_gmt":"2019-08-31T15:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=98073"},"modified":"2019-08-31T18:04:56","modified_gmt":"2019-08-31T15:04:56","slug":"iklim-degisikliginde-arazi-kullanimi-onemli-bir-faktor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/iklim-degisikliginde-arazi-kullanimi-onemli-bir-faktor\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00d6nemli Bir Fakt\u00f6r"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel facialar, seller, kurakl\u0131k, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini etkilemeye devam ediyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) \u00dclkeleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli’nin (IPCC) “\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Arazi” konulu raporunda, arazinin iklim sisteminde \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011fu, ‘iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n yolunun arazi kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmesi’ oldu\u011fu tespiti yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/h1>\n

125 yazar ve 45 \u00fclkeden kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan rapor, topra\u011f\u0131n hassas bir kaynak oldu\u011funa, iklim hedeflerinde at\u0131lacak t\u00fcm ad\u0131mlarda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekti. Son 50 \"\"y\u0131lda k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131kta g\u00f6zlenen art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn nedeni insan kaynakl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131. Uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan ‘iklim krizi’ olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 yaratan \u00f6nemli unsurlardan birini de enerji \u00fcretim tercihleri olu\u015fturuyor. Bu ba\u011flamda Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man \u00dcniversitesi, \u00c7evre Sorunlar\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Uygulama Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkez M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Do\u00e7. Dr. Ahmet Demirak, temiz enerjinin iklim krizinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez se\u00e7eneklerden biri oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekerek, “D\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha fazla temiz enerjiye ihtiyac\u0131 var ancak bizim m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi\u011fince az arazi kullanmamam\u0131z, enerji santrallerini \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d yerlere yerle\u015ftirmemiz gerekiyor. Att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her ad\u0131m iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele alan\u0131ndaki hedeflerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini etkileyecek” dedi.<\/p>\n

\u0130KL\u0130M KR\u0130Z\u0130 VE N\u00dcKLEER <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Uzmanlar, giderek artan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n temiz ve g\u00fcvenilir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu kaynaklardan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar elektri\u011fin en az y\u00fczde 25\u2019inin n\u00fckleer enerjiden sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. N\u00fckleer, r\u00fczg\u00e2rdan sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olurken, g\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczgar, hidroelektrikle birlikte k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ile m\u00fccadelede yer alan ‘ye\u015fil d\u00f6rtl\u00fc’ i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yor. OECD N\u00fckleer Enerji Ajans\u0131’na g\u00f6re, “\u00f6ncelikle n\u00fckleer maddeye dayanan bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m, kWh ba\u015f\u0131na 50 gC02 dekarbonizasyon hedefine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in en uygun maliyetli se\u00e7enek.” Bill Gates ise n\u00fckleer enerjinin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde oynayaca\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fc \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle vurguluyor: \u201cN\u00fckleer iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile ba\u015f etmek i\u00e7in ideal, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcnde 24 saat kullan\u0131labilen tek karbon i\u00e7ermeyen, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

ARAZ\u0130 KULLANIMINDA N\u00dcKLEER ENERJ\u0130 \u00d6NDE<\/strong><\/h2>\n

N\u00fckleer enerji, di\u011fer enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir araziye ihtiya\u00e7 duymas\u0131 nedeniyle uzmanlar\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekiyor. Bir n\u00fckleer enerji tesisi ile ayn\u0131 miktarda elektrik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in r\u00fczg\u00e2r santralleri 360 kat, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi tesisleri ise 75 kat daha fazla araziye ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor.<\/p>\n

TEM\u0130Z ENERJ\u0130 VE TOPRAK DENGES\u0130 \u00d6NEML\u0130<\/strong><\/h3>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’deki h\u0131zla azalan tar\u0131m arazilerinin, ormanlar\u0131n gelecek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7eken Demirak, “\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede hem enerji \u00fcretimi hem de toprak dengesinin korunmas\u0131 gerekiyor. N\u00fckleer santraller, arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011fer enerji kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha avantajl\u0131. Bu nedenle ekolojik \u00e7evre \u00fczerinde etkileri daha az oluyor. Di\u011fer t\u00fcr temiz enerji santrallerinin arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili bir k\u0131yaslama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda n\u00fckleer santraller her \u015fekilde en az arazi kullanan ve en y\u00fcksek verimlili\u011fe sahip olan enerji \u00e7e\u015fidi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. ABD\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan “Karbon Sal\u0131m\u0131 Yapmayan Teknolojiler i\u00e7in Arazi Gereksinimi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporda da 1000 MW g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki bir n\u00fckleer santralde \u00fcretilebilecek elektri\u011fin farkl\u0131 tipteki santrallerden \u00fcretilmesi durumunda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan alan hesapland\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re, 1000 MW\u2019l\u0131k bir n\u00fckleer santralin y\u00fczde 90 kapasite fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesap edildi\u011finde yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.4 kilometrekare alana ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, r\u00fczg\u00e2r santrallerinin kapasite fakt\u00f6rleri %32 ile %47 aras\u0131nda, g\u00fcne\u015f santrallerinin kapasite fakt\u00f6rleri ise %17 ile %28 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Kapasite fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, 1000 MW g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki n\u00fckleer enerji tesisinin bir y\u0131lda \u00fcretti\u011fi elektri\u011fin r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinleri ile \u00fcretilmesi i\u00e7in 1.900 MW- 2.800 MW aras\u0131nda r\u00fczg\u00e2r santrali kurulmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bu durumda r\u00fczg\u00e2r santralinin bu miktarda elektrik \u00fcretmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan alan ise 670 \u2013 930 kilometrekare aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisine gelince, bu enerji \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin kapasite fakt\u00f6rleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 3.300 MW- 5.400 MW kapasiteli g\u00fcne\u015f tarlas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor. B\u00f6yle bir g\u00fcne\u015f santrali i\u00e7in gerekli alan\u0131n ise 72-120 kilometrekarelik oldu\u011fu ortaya konuluyor.” \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u0130Y\u0130 PLANLAMA YAPMALI<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’nin y\u0131ll\u0131k elektrik enerjisi t\u00fcketiminin her y\u0131l ortalama y\u00fczde 6 oran\u0131nda artarak 2023 de elektrik t\u00fcketiminin 500 milyar kWh olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatan Demirak, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu: “T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm yenilebilir enerji potansiyelinin tamam\u0131 kullan\u0131lsa bile yak\u0131n gelecekte \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen enerjiyi sa\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Yukar\u0131da belirtilen kapasite fakt\u00f6r\u00fc ve ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan alan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131rsa, yaln\u0131zca yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan santrallerin in\u015fas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in en uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki b\u00f6yle bir durumda sadece rekreasyon alanlar\u0131n ve koruma alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda tar\u0131m arazilerin de kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Bu y\u00fczden, ekonomik imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 elveri\u015fli olan ancak yeterli alana sahip olmayan b\u00f6lgeler de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na sahip en \u00f6nemli elektrik enerjisi kayna\u011f\u0131 olan n\u00fckleer santraller kurulabilmelidir. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Eylem Plan\u0131\u2019na da ise iklim dostu teknolojilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmektedir. \u00dclkelerin geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na t\u00fcketilen elektrik miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlan\u0131rken, G20 \u00fclkelerinde NGS bulunmayan 5 \u00fclkeden biri olan T\u00fcrkiye\u201dnin enerji stratejisinde n\u00fckleer teknoloji olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve bir an evvel uygulamal\u0131d\u0131r. ”<\/p>\n

AKKUYU 43 M\u0130LYON TONLUK KARBON SALINIMINI \u00d6NLEYECEK<\/strong><\/h2>\n

“Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcll\u00fc Marie Curie’nin dedi\u011fi gibi hayatta hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden korkmaya gerek yok, yaln\u0131zca anlamak gerek” diyen Demirak, ” N\u00fckleer enerjinin, di\u011fer temiz enerji kaynaklar\u0131yla beraber T\u00fcrkiye\u201dnin enerji problemini \u00e7\u00f6zecek pratik, \u00e7evre dostu ve g\u00fcvenli bir teknoloji oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi halka anlat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve halk\u0131n deste\u011fi al\u0131nmal\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santrali olan Akkuyu NGS yakla\u015f\u0131k 35 milyar kWh enerji \u00fcretecek. Bu oran, \u0130stanbul’un elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam % 90’\u0131n\u0131, \u0130zmir ve Ankara’n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak bir kapasiteyi i\u00e7eriyor. Kapasitesi 4,8 GW olacak Akkuyu NGS’nin 4 \u00fcnitesinin de i\u015fletmeye girmesiyle bir y\u0131l boyunca 43 milyon tondan fazla CO2 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nlenecek. Mersin\u2019de n\u00fckleer santral yap\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmeli ve yeni n\u00fckleer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu projelerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler kimlerden olu\u015fursa olu\u015fsun, devlet politikas\u0131 haline getirilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar (n\u00fckleer santral projeleri) \u00fclkenin \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme konusunda onlarca y\u0131l avantajlar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar” dedi.<\/p>\n

DAHA \u0130Y\u0130 PERFORMANS G\u00d6STER\u0130YOR<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Avusturalya Tazmanya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Bilim \u0130nsan\u0131 Prof. Barry Brook ile Adelaide \u00dcniversitesi \u00c7evre Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Prof. Corey J.A. Bradshaw, yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcresel biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin korunmas\u0131nda n\u00fckleer enerjinin kilit rol\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bilimsel makalesinde de bu konuya de\u011findiler. Uzmanlar, \u015fu ifadeleri kulland\u0131lar:<\/p>\n

\u201cObjektif olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, alternatiflerle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda n\u00fckleer enerji, g\u00fcvenlik, maliyet, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik, g\u00fcvenilirlik, arazi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve emisyonlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011fer se\u00e7enekler kadar iyi hatta daha iyi bir performans sergiliyor. Genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, n\u00fckleer enerjinin enerji \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip oldu\u011fu senaryolar di\u011fer senaryolardan \u00e7ok daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterdi.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. K\u00fcresel facialar, seller, kurakl\u0131k, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini etkilemeye devam ediyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n etkisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Birle\u015fmi\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":98075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51,53,43],"tags":[42302,55493,55900,54921,52259,41159,55896,53412,4522,12313,55895,1471,54920,36443,23134,34931,5331,34930,45309,13250,55901,55902,13252,1296,34977,55897,55899,55898,26829],"views":355,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98073"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98073"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98073\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}