{"id":94743,"date":"2019-06-22T22:41:43","date_gmt":"2019-06-22T19:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=94743"},"modified":"2019-06-22T22:44:15","modified_gmt":"2019-06-22T19:44:15","slug":"dunya-enerji-yatirimlari-2019-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/dunya-enerji-yatirimlari-2019-2\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) D\u00fcnya Enerji Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan 2018\u2019de 1,8 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde sabitlendi. Petrol, gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr arz\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ek harcamalar, fosil yak\u0131t esasl\u0131 \u00fcretim ve yenilenebilir enerjiye yap\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck harcamalarla dengelendi. Verimlilik harcamalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Elektrik, \u00fcst \u00fcste 3’\u00fcnc\u00fc kez petrol ve gazdan daha fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7ekti.<\/h1>\n

2018\u2019de \u00c7in, en b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 pazar\u0131yd\u0131, ancak liderlik marj\u0131 darald\u0131. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Hindistan son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda en b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f\u0131 kaydetti. Ancak di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck petrol fiyatlar\u0131 (Orta Do\u011fu), sistemin eski ve yeni k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n dengelenmesi (Avrupa) ve finansman riskleri (Sahra alt\u0131 Afrika) nedeniyle daha az dinamikti.<\/p>\n

\"\"Enerji arz\u0131 harcamalar\u0131, daha k\u0131sa vadeli projelere kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n enerji sisteminin gelecek y\u00f6n\u00fc hakk\u0131ndaki belirsizlikler nedeniyle riskli sermayeyi daha iyi y\u00f6netme tercihini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Yat\u0131r\u0131m sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc, baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde zaman i\u00e7inde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze %55 artt\u0131. Maliyet de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri daha az petrol ve gaz harcamas\u0131n\u0131n etkisini azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mevcut trendlerle gelecek ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, enerji tedarik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmay\u0131 desteklemektedir. Ancak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n izledi\u011fi yola ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, f\u0131rsatlar ve riskler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

Mevcut yat\u0131r\u0131m e\u011filimleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gitmek istedi\u011fi yerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. \u00d6zellikle yeni onaylanan konvansiyonel petrol ve do\u011fal gaz projeleri, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in gerekenlerin alt\u0131nda kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye tahsis verilerinde, yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma hedefleriyle uyumlu h\u00e2le getirildi\u011fine dair i\u015faretler g\u00f6r\u00fclemiyor. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde maliyetler d\u00fc\u015fse bile, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu arz ve talepteki yat\u0131r\u0131m faaliyeti, kal\u0131c\u0131 risklere kar\u015f\u0131 yetersiz politika oda\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Senaryosunda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n pay\u0131 2030\u2019a kadar %65\u2019e y\u00fckselecektir. Ancak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc %35\u2019lik paydan ileri gitmek, politika oda\u011f\u0131nda bir ad\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, t\u00fcketici ve toplu enerji seviyelerinde yeni finansman \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 teknolojik ilerlemeyi gerektirecektir.<\/p>\n

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e VE TEMEL BULGULAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan 2018\u2019de dengelendi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ra\u011fmen elektrik yine yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck sekt\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131m, daha fazla upstream petrol, gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr arz\u0131 harcamalar\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda enerji verimlili\u011fi istikrarl\u0131yken, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 harcamalar\u0131 azald\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda, k\u00fcresel enerji yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, 1,8 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde g\u00f6receli olarak sabit kald\u0131. Upstream petrol ve gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr arz\u0131nda daha fazla harcama yap\u0131lmas\u0131, fosil yak\u0131t bazl\u0131 \u00fcretim ve yenilenebilir enerji harcamalar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck harcama ile dengelenmi\u015ftir. Enerji verimlili\u011fine yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m nispeten istikrarl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst \u00fcste \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez elektrik, en b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak petrol ve gaz arz\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131. K\u0131smen her iki sekt\u00f6rde de de\u011fi\u015fen maliyetlerden dolay\u0131, bu e\u011filim, ayr\u0131ca elektri\u011fin artan \u00f6nemini de yans\u0131t\u0131yor. 2018\u2019deki talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131, toplam enerji talebinin neredeyse iki kat\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131nda %1 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, \u00c7in\u2019deki k\u00f6m\u00fcr g\u00fcc\u00fc ve ABD\u2019deki gaz g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in daha az harcama yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 azald\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kapasiteye net katk\u0131lar sabit kald\u0131 ve baz\u0131 teknolojilerde maliyetler d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, ancak geli\u015ftirilmekte olan santraller taraf\u0131ndan da desteklenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019deki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi PV yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde (\u00f6rne\u011fin ABD, geli\u015fmekte olan Asya) daha y\u00fcksek yenilenebilir harcamalarla dengelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Upstream petrol ve gaz harcamalar\u0131nda %4\u2019l\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f, daha y\u00fcksek bir petrol fiyat\u0131 ve k\u0131sa vadeli projelere, kaya gaz\u0131na do\u011fru kayma ile desteklenmi\u015ftir. 2019 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan harcama planlar\u0131, yeni bir geleneksel proje dalgas\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor; \u015fu an i\u00e7in proje onaylar\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc talebi kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in gereken seviyenin alt\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Enerji verimlili\u011fi harcamas\u0131, politika kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletme konusundaki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ilerleme ile ard\u0131 ard\u0131na ikinci y\u0131l istikrarl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Binalarda yap\u0131lan harcamalar azal\u0131rken, y\u00fckselen EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k verimlili\u011fi durmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Toplam, on y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131lan en y\u00fcksek seviyelerin alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, k\u00f6m\u00fcr arz\u0131na yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m 2012\u2019den bu yana ilk kez %2 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir \u0131s\u0131ya ve nakliyeye yat\u0131r\u0131m azal\u0131rken, yeni biyoyak\u0131t harcamalar\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Maliyet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi baz\u0131 alanlardaki yat\u0131r\u0131m ortam\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirdi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetler, 2014\u2019ten azalan upstream harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n etkisini azaltt\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Maliyetlere g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze %55 artt\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u0131sa teslim s\u00fcrelerine sahip projelere do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fck hareket olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sekt\u00f6r, de\u011fi\u015fen enerji sistemindeki uzun vadeli riskleri s\u0131n\u0131rlamak istiyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda, risk alt\u0131ndaki sermayeyi s\u0131n\u0131rlayan daha k\u0131sa in\u015faat s\u00fcrelerine sahip projeler lehine bir de\u011fi\u015fim olmu\u015ftur. Petrol, gaz ve enerji \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in, end\u00fcstri, pazara, ortalama olarak %20\u2019den daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kapasite getiriyor. Bu, daha iyi proje y\u00f6netimi ve daha k\u0131sa \u00e7evrim teknolojileri ve ayr\u0131ca sanayi rekabeti i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ekonomiyi yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Enerjide, teknoloji ilerlemesini ve kullan\u0131m yerini yans\u0131tan sermaye maliyeti, en \u00e7ok g\u00fcne\u015f PV\u2019sinde (2010\u2019dan beri %-75), onshore r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131nda (%-20) ve pil deposunda (%-50) belirgindi. Offshore r\u00fczgar\u0131nda, devreye al\u0131nan projeler i\u00e7in sermaye maliyetindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f daha az \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, artan kullan\u0131m oranlar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck finansman maliyetleri, ihalelerde fiyatlar\u0131 geriye \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2014-16 d\u00f6neminde %30 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten sonra, son iki y\u0131ldaki yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc petrol ve gaz maliyetlerindeki hafif toparlanma, petrol fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015ftan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc. End\u00fcstri art\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fen pazar ko\u015fullar\u0131na daha iyi tepki verebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Petrol, gaz ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131nda, bir dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fundan daha fazla sat\u0131n al\u0131yor. Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n 2018 maliyet seviyesine ayarlanmas\u0131, 2010\u2019dan bu yana yakla\u015f\u0131k %55 art\u0131\u015fla yenilenebilir enerji i\u00e7in harcama faaliyetlerinde art\u0131\u015f e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Petrol ve gaz i\u00e7in, maliyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeleri, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri d\u00fc\u015fen yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n etkisini azaltt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 verimli emtialar\u0131n fiyatlar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin LED\u2019ler ve elektrikli ara\u00e7lar, d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam etti. Enerji tasarruflu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu, nispeten k\u0131sa geri \u00f6deme s\u00fcreleri ile zaten uygun maliyetlidir. Yine de, politika, pazar ve finansmanla ilgili zorluklar verimlilik harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil etti.<\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fiklikler her alanda belirgin de\u011fildir. Maliyetleri iyile\u015ftirmede ya da n\u00fckleer; karbon yakalama, kullan\u0131m ve depolama; bina iyile\u015ftirmeleri; ve baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u015febeke projeleri i\u00e7in proje d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinde son zamanlarda az ilerleme olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:\u00a0\u201cUluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 D\u00fcnya Enerji Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d, 2019<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. K\u00fcresel enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan 2018\u2019de 1,8 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde sabitlendi. Petrol, gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr arz\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan ek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":94745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46,51,53,52,49,47,24649,44,50],"tags":[52592,52594,34979,19638,26353,52414,26559,532,39301,5038,23416,5982,23131,52595,31512,27427,59,52593,52591,41548,37032,41933,793,1245],"views":807,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94743"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/94745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}