{"id":9044,"date":"2013-03-31T19:16:45","date_gmt":"2013-03-31T16:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=9044"},"modified":"2013-03-31T19:16:45","modified_gmt":"2013-03-31T16:16:45","slug":"dunyanin-petrolunu-yoneten-gizli-el-vitol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/dunyanin-petrolunu-yoneten-gizli-el-vitol\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) D\u00fcnyan\u0131n Petrol\u00fcn\u00fc Y\u00f6neten Gizli El: Vitol"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Vitol, \u00e7ok bilinen bir \u015firket de\u011fil, fakat petrol ticaretinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zel \u015firketi konumunda. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ham petrol ticareti 5 milyon varilin \u00fczerinde olan \u015firketin, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 303 milyar dolara ula\u015fan cirosu Chevron ve Toyota\u2019y\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n enerji ba\u015fkenti Rotterdam\u2019da kuruldu. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z enerji ticareti \u015firketleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 toplam cirosu 303 milyar dolar oldu. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ham petrol ticareti 5 milyon varilin \u00fczerinde. Avrupa\u2019ya y\u0131lda 25 milyar metrek\u00fcp gaz ticareti yap\u0131yor. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 117 milyon ton ham petrol sat\u0131\u015f\u0131; 9.3 milyon ton LPG ticareti ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Houston, Moskova, Dubai ve Singapur gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli merkezlerinin dahil oldu\u011fu 30\u2032un \u00fczerine b\u00f6lgede ofisi; 3 bin 316 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u015firketin ad\u0131 Vitol. Petrol ticaretinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zel \u015firketi. \u015eirketin geliri<\/p>\n

Chevron veya Toyota\u2019dan daha fazla; fakat ismini bilenler \u00e7ok de\u011fil. Chevron ve Toyota\u2019dan daha fazla kazan\u0131yor<\/p>\n

Vitol\u2019\u00fcn 57 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki CEO\u2019su Ian Taylor, Fortune\u2019a yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, \u201cPetrol\u00fc bir yerden al\u0131p, ba\u015fka bir yere sat\u0131yoruz. Amac\u0131m\u0131z kar etmek\u201d diyor. Asl\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f bu kadar kolay de\u011fil. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 303 milyar dolar ciro a\u00e7\u0131klayan \u015firket, sat\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zel \u015firketi konumunda. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 tane orta\u011f\u0131 olan Vitol, e\u011fer borsada i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcyor olsayd\u0131, Fortune 500 listesinde, Chevron ve Toyota\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde, 7. s\u0131rada yer alacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fakat as\u0131l ilgin\u00e7 olan, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f hacmine ra\u011fmen, Vitol\u2019\u00fcn sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan fazla tan\u0131nmamas\u0131. Uzmanlar, Vitol\u2019\u00fc sekt\u00f6rdeki \u201cgizli el\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yorlar. \u015eirketin ismini duymu\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u015firket hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgiye sahip de\u011filler.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcnde 5 milyon varil petrol ticareti<\/h2>\n

Vitol\u2019\u00fcn i\u015fi, CEO Taylor\u2019un da dedi\u011fi gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir yerinden di\u011fer yerine petrol ve gaz ta\u015f\u0131mak. \u015eirket g\u00fcnde 5 milyon varil petrol ta\u015f\u0131yor. Taylor, \u201c\u00d6nemli olan petrol\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan yere g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek\u201d diyor. Tabii ki bu i\u015f, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir lojistik kapasitesi gerektiriyor. Vitol bunun i\u00e7in 5 bin 400\u2032\u00fcn \u00fczerinde gemi kiralam\u0131\u015f. \u015eirketin ayn\u0131 anda hareket halinde olan tankerlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 ise 200\u2032\u00fc buluyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Vitol\u2019\u00fcn as\u0131l rol\u00fc, d\u00fcnya genelindeki Shell ve Exxon gibi petrol \u00fcreticileri ile y\u00fczlerce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oyuncu aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurmak. Uzmanlara g\u00f6re bu ticaret modelinin son d\u00f6nemde y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mesi, eski, entegre sistemin \u00e7\u00f6kmesinden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Fortune\u2019a a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunan IHS Cambridge Enerji Ara\u015ft\u0131rma B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Dan Yergin, bu de\u011fi\u015fimi \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: \u201cPetrol bir zamanlar, tek bir \u015firket arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kaynak noktas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar, boru hatt\u0131na kadar akar giderdi. 1970\u2032lerde ya\u015fanan ilk petrol krizi ile birlikte bu durum de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Suudi Arabistan\u2019a benzin, Exxon\u2019a rafine etmesi i\u00e7in hampetrol satan Vitol, bu de\u011fi\u015fimin en somut \u00f6rne\u011fi. Vitol\u2019\u00fcn al\u0131p-satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji hacmi \u2013 ki bu do\u011falgazdan petrole, jet yak\u0131t\u0131ndan k\u00f6m\u00fcre kadar uzanan geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi kaps\u0131yor \u2013 on y\u0131ldan az bir zaman i\u00e7inde inan\u0131lmaz bir art\u0131\u015f kaydetti. Ian Taylor 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda CEO\u2019luk konumuna geldi\u011finde, \u015firketin gelir d\u00fczeyi 13 milyar dolar civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu rakam 10 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar 50 milyar dolar\u0131n alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn ula\u015f\u0131lan rakam ise ortada. Tam 303 milyar dolar. Bu arada Vitol\u2019\u00fcn, d\u00fcnya \u015feker arz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 5\u2032ini de y\u00f6netti\u011fini belirtmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n

Vitol\u2019\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibi iki sene \u00f6nce halka a\u00e7\u0131lan ve Fortune 500 listesinde 14. s\u0131rada bulunan \u0130svi\u00e7reli Glencore. 115 milyar dolarl\u0131k eneji ticareti ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Glencore, \u00f6ncelikli olarak metal piyasalar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Vitol, risk y\u00f6netiminde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131 sayesinde, bir\u00e7ok \u015firketin i\u015f yapmaktan \u00e7ekindi\u011fi \u00fclkeyi m\u00fc\u015fterileri aras\u0131na dahil edebiliyor. Vitol\u2019\u00fcn ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz senelerde i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Yunanistan, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Yemen gibi g\u00fcven sorunu ya\u015fayan \u00fclkeler bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Serbest petrol ticareti hacmi darald\u0131<\/h2>\n

Vitol son y\u0131llarda, ABD, BAE, \u0130Svi\u00e7re ve Bel\u00e7ika gibi \u00fclkelerde rafineri, terminal binalar\u0131, boru hatlar\u0131 sat\u0131n almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Rusya ve bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da petrol arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131yor. \u015eirket ayn\u0131 zamanda 2011 sonunda, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n 14 \u015fehrindeki bin 300 Shell gaz istasyonunu almak i\u00e7in bir ortakl\u0131k imzalad\u0131. T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Vitol\u2019\u00fcn, i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 entegre petrol \u015firketlerine benzemeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Vitol\u2019\u00fcn rakipleri de ayn\u0131 yolu izliyor.<\/p>\n

\u015eirketin CEO\u2019suna g\u00f6re, bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar petrol ticaretinde rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fc kazanmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz. Taylor, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla 2012\u2032de petrol ticareti hacimlerinin darald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fini kabul ediyor ve \u201cArt\u0131k eskisi gibi serbest bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan petrol ticareti hacmi yok. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla \u00e7aba sarfediyoruz ama b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hacimden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Son 30 y\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi Oliver Wyman taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u201cEmtia Ticaretinde Yeni bir D\u00f6nemin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u201d isimli rapor, sanayide son 30 y\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Raporun yazarlar\u0131ndan Graham Sharp bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc Fortune\u2019a \u015f\u00f6yle de\u011ferlendirmi\u015f: \u201c\u015eirketlerin varl\u0131klar\u0131, insan kaynaklar\u0131 idi. Her zaman \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri budur. Bu \u015firketler piyasada fazla de\u011fer bulmazd\u0131. Bu \u015firketlerin faaliyet g\u00f6stermesi i\u00e7in uzun vadeli sermayeye de ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmazd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn \u015firketler, kurumsal yap\u0131 kazand\u0131klar\u0131ndan, uzun vadeli finansmana ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyorlar. Bu y\u00fczden halka a\u00e7\u0131lmak daha cazip hale geliyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f hacmi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Vitol\u2019\u00fcn hala g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak kalmas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. CEO Ian Taylor\u2019un arzusu ise, enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn daha verimli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ad\u0131na \u201cyararl\u0131 rol\u201d \u00fcstlenen bir \u015firket olmak; korkulan bir \u015firket olmak de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Vitol, \u00e7ok bilinen bir \u015firket de\u011fil, fakat petrol ticaretinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zel \u015firketi konumunda. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ham petrol ticareti 5 milyon varilin \u00fczerinde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,44],"tags":[67,4054,3728,59,79,2522,2470,4053],"views":1081,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9044"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9044"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9044\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9046,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9044\/revisions\/9046"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}