{"id":84735,"date":"2019-01-04T15:18:18","date_gmt":"2019-01-04T12:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=84735"},"modified":"2019-01-04T15:34:03","modified_gmt":"2019-01-04T12:34:03","slug":"kuresel-isinma-ve-iklim-degisikligine-bakis-ve-2019-yili-ongoruleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/kuresel-isinma-ve-iklim-degisikligine-bakis-ve-2019-yili-ongoruleri\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nma ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine Bak\u0131\u015f ve 2019 Y\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Gezegenimizle ilgili yaz\u0131lan felaket senaryolar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda uzunca s\u00fcredir bildi\u011fimiz k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma konusu yer al\u0131yor. S\u00fcrekli al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya e\u015flik edenlerse iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak do\u011fal enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi, \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi ve ormans\u0131zla\u015fma. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Atmosfere at\u0131lan gazlar\u0131n bir g\u00fcn k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya neden olabilece\u011fi Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f Svante August Arrhenius taraf\u0131ndan 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131. Bu dahi kimyac\u0131ya g\u00f6re atmosferdeki CO2<\/sub> \"\"miktar\u0131 ikiye katlan\u0131rsa, hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 5-6 derecelik bir art\u0131\u015f olabilir. Bug\u00fcn modern bilgisayarlarla yap\u0131lan hesaplamalar \u00b15\u2019lik sapmalarla, Arrhenius\u2019un s\u00f6yledi\u011fi oranda olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 var: Arrhenius bu \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n 3000 y\u0131l sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n tekrar g\u00fcndeme gelmesi, Keeling ad\u0131nda gen\u00e7 bir Amerikal\u0131 do\u00e7entin atmosferdeki CO2<\/sub> miktar\u0131n\u0131 devaml\u0131 olarak 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7meye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, giderek \u00e7evre alan\u0131ndaki en temel sorunu olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 1992 Rio \u00c7evre ve Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131\u2019nda imzaya a\u00e7\u0131lan iki s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden birisi, \u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u201d olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Kyoto Protokol\u00fcyle 2008-2012 d\u00f6neminde geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 1990\u2019daki d\u00fczeyin %5 alt\u0131na indirmeyi kabul ettiler. 2018 Ekim ay\u0131nda\"\" Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC)\u2019nde sera gaz\u0131 emisyon de\u011ferlerinin bu h\u0131zla artmas\u0131 halinde 1.5 \u1d52<\/sup>C\u2019lik k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma limitinin 2030 itibariyle a\u015f\u0131labilir oldu\u011fu belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Hawaii\u2019deki Mauna Loa G\u00f6zlemevi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan son \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re atmosferdeki CO2 <\/sub>yo\u011funlu\u011fu Kas\u0131m 2018\u2019de 408.02 ppm seviyelerine ula\u015ft\u0131. Scripps O\u015finografi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re, atmosferdeki CO2<\/sub> yo\u011funlu\u011fu son 800,000 y\u0131ldaki en y\u00fcksek seviyeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda. G\u00f6zlemevi, 1958 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n atmosferdeki CO2<\/sub> yo\u011funlu\u011funu izlemek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu de\u011fer 315ppm seviyelerindeydi. 2013\u2019te 400ppm \u00e7izgisinin ge\u00e7ilmesiyle %30\u2019luk bir art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

Aileniz Atmosfere Ne Kadar CO2 <\/sub>Sal\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir ailenin CO2<\/sub> bedeli 40,000kg\u2019a ula\u015fabiliyor. Nas\u0131l bu kadar fazla olur dedi\u011finizi duyar gibiyim \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir aile yaln\u0131zca evde oturmuyor, yolculukta yap\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca verilen rakam b\u00fcy\u00fck evde ya\u015fayan, 2 arabal\u0131, \"\"y\u0131lda birka\u00e7 kere u\u00e7akla yolculuk yapan bir aileye ait. \u015eimdi basit bir hesaplama yapal\u0131m. Orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir otomobiliniz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bu otomobil, 100 km\u2019de 9.7 litre benzin yaks\u0131n. Yani km ba\u015f\u0131na 0.0097 litre benzin. Bir litre benzini CO2<\/sub>\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc 2.4 yani 1 litre benzin yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda atmosfere yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.5 kat\u0131 CO2<\/sub> sal\u0131yorsunuz. Benzin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda karbondan olu\u015fuyor. Motor i\u00e7indeki patlama, yak\u0131ttaki hemen her karbon atomunu iki oksijen atomuyla birle\u015ftiriyor. Oksijen karbondan 1.33 kat daha a\u011f\u0131r. Bu durumda her kilometrede otomobiliniz 0.23 kg CO2<\/sub>\u2019i atmosfere sal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Peki otomobilinizin y\u0131ll\u0131k karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m de\u011feri ne kadar? Bu y\u0131ll\u0131k ne kadar yol kat etti\u011finize ba\u011fl\u0131; 10,000km yol kat ediyorsan\u0131z, 2300 kg CO2 <\/sub>atmosfere b\u0131rak\u0131yorsunuz. Bu arada bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ula\u015f\u0131mda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z di\u011fer ara\u00e7lar\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, istatistikler ortalama bir ailenin ula\u015f\u0131m CO2 bedelinin y\u0131ll\u0131k 5-10 bin kg aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Eviniz Atmosfere Ne Kadar CO2 <\/sub>Sal\u0131yor? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir evin CO2<\/sub> sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in, herhangi bir elektrikli e\u015fyan\u0131n kilowatt-saat(kWs) cinsinden y\u0131ll\u0131k ne kadar enerji harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunuyor. Bu de\u011fer kg cinsinden sal\u0131nan CO2 <\/sub>miktar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \"\"\u00d6rne\u011fin standart bir buzdolab\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 1239kWs enerji harc\u0131yor. Ev e\u015fyalar\u0131 i\u00e7in enerjiyi CO2<\/sub>\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme fakt\u00f6r\u00fc 0.75 yani bir buzdolab\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 920 kg CO2<\/sub> \u00fcretiyor.<\/p>\n

Peki, bir ev \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131, ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer elektrik t\u00fcketen e\u015fyalar\u0131yla atmosfere ne kadar CO2<\/sub> sal\u0131yor? Bu noktada son y\u0131llardaki ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na bakmak gerekiyor. Konforlu l\u00fcks bir evin atmosfere b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 CO2<\/sub> miktar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 12,000 kg olarak hesaplan\u0131yor. Bu miktar m\u00fctevazi bir evde 1600-1700 kg\u2019a d\u00fc\u015febiliyor. Rakamlar \u00e7o\u011funlukla kentlerdeki ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmakla beraber her \u00fclkenin kendi ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nma i\u00e7in 2019 \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri Neler?<\/strong><\/p>\n

NASA ve \u0130ngiliz meteoroloji kurumu Met Office\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re 1880 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \"\"kaydedilen en y\u00fcksek de\u011fer 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na ait. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k seviyesi sanayi \u00f6ncesi seviyelerin neredeyse 1o<\/sup>C\u2019nin \u00fczerinde kaydedildi. D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u0131s\u0131nma bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar 3-5o<\/sup>C aras\u0131nda olabilir. H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Paneli (IPCC), \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 12 y\u0131l boyunca sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f\u0131n devam etmesi durumunda 1.5o<\/sup>C s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesine sebep olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015fti. Bilim adamlar\u0131 El Nino etkisinin devam etmekte oldu\u011funu, 2019\u2019un ba\u015f\u0131nda yeni bir El Nino olu\u015fmas\u0131 ihtimalinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin giderek k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesinden dolay\u0131 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n tarihin en s\u0131cak y\u0131l\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 uyar\u0131da bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00d6nleyebilir Miyiz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her y\u0131l atmosfere toplam 30 milyar ton CO2<\/sub> b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunun %46\u2019s\u0131 enerji t\u00fcketimi, %24\u2019\u00fc sanayi \"\"etkinlikleri, %18\u2019i ormans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma, %9\u2019u tar\u0131m ve %3\u2019\u00fc de di\u011fer nedenlerden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Bu miktar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 ormanlar, toprak ve okyanuslarca emiliyor, ama geri kalan miktar atmosferde birikiyor. CO2<\/sub> yo\u011funlu\u011fu end\u00fcstri devrimi \u00f6ncesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze, 2,2 trilyon tondan 3 trilyona \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 bu oranda sera gaz\u0131 salmaya devam edersek, 2040\u2019larda atmosferdeki CO2 miktar\u0131n\u0131n ciddi bir tehlike olu\u015fturacak boyutlara eri\u015fece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Bu nedenle bir\u00e7ok yerde bireysel olarak da almam\u0131z gereken \u00f6nlemlerden s\u00f6z ediliyor. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler istatistiklerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ortalama bir Avrupal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k CO2 ayak izinin 12 ton oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu say\u0131 Amerika ve Avustralya\u2019ya gidildi\u011finde neredeyse iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bununla birlikte, genel olarak sorumlusu oldu\u011fumuz sal\u0131m\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 denetlemek elimizde. Bu, daha \u00e7ok ula\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u00e7lar, y\u0131lda ka\u00e7 kez u\u00e7a\u011fa bindi\u011fimiz hatta evlerimizi ne kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131p ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zla ili\u015fkili. Bizim denetimimizde olmayan k\u0131sm\u0131n % 25\u2019ini i\u015fyerlerimizin ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, % 10\u2019unu kamu hizmetleri, % 20\u2019si kadar\u0131nda g\u0131da dahil sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in sal\u0131nan CO2 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Konutlarda, i\u015f yerlerinde yal\u0131t\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli! Tavan ve duvarlar\u0131n\u0131za yal\u0131t\u0131m yaparak, hem b\u00fct\u00e7enize %20-30 yarar sa\u011flar, hem de y\u0131ll\u0131k karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 950\u2019den 70 kg\u2019a \u00e7ekebilirsiniz. Pencerelerinize iki kat aras\u0131na argon doldurulmu\u015f camlardan takt\u0131rmak, do\u011fal gazla \u0131s\u0131n\u0131yorsan\u0131z y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 ton, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n kap\u0131 ve pencerelerdeki hava s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek, y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 kg karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Bah\u00e7enizi a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmak ve evinizi \u0131l\u0131man iklimde ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131k renge, so\u011fuk iklimde ya\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z koyu renge boyamak y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 ton karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. Bir a\u011fa\u00e7, y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kg karbondioksiti tutabilir. Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131z, elektrik t\u00fcketiminizde %20\u2019lik bir paya sahip. Buzdolab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 mevsime g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131p kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131na dikkat edebilirsiniz. Giysilerinizi so\u011fuk yada \u0131l\u0131k suyla y\u0131kayabilirsiniz. B\u00f6ylece haftada iki kere \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir makineyle haftada yakla\u015f\u0131k 220kg CO2<\/sub> sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlersiniz. Bula\u015f\u0131k makinenizi ancak dolduktan sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz. Makinenizin varsa enerji korunumu ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. Su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n termostat\u0131n\u0131 ayarlayabilirsiniz. Her 10 derecelik azalma, gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 kg, elektrikle al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa yakla\u015f\u0131k 70kg CO2 <\/sub>sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir su \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131ysa, atmosferde y\u0131ll\u0131k 4.9 CO2<\/sub>\u2019den kurtulmak demek.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zge EFE \u2013 Enerji Sistemleri M\u00fchendisi \u2013 ozge.efe@enerjigazetesi.ist<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/world\/2018\/11\/29\/global-warming-2018-4th-hottest-year-record\/2154183002\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-dunya-46696416<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.co2.earth\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2018\/12\/2019-may-be-hottest-year-yet-el-nino-climate-change\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Kurt, Latif. K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nma ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bitki \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u00dczerine Etkileri, <\/em>T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi,2011<\/p>\n

Tont, Sargun A. K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nma: Birde Do\u011fal Etki Binerse, <\/em>T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi,2007<\/p>\n

Can, Tu\u011fba. K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nmada pay\u0131n\u0131z<\/em>, T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi,2005<\/p>\n

Y\u0131lmaz, Elif. Do\u011faya D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f \u0130\u00e7in F\u0131rsat: Ekokentler,<\/em> T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi,2006<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Gezegenimizle ilgili yaz\u0131lan felaket senaryolar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda uzunca s\u00fcredir bildi\u011fimiz k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma konusu yer al\u0131yor. S\u00fcrekli al\u0131nan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n ortalama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":84744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[43966,2050,1262,43968,67,1009,12235,26559,25346,1999,1351,4522,76,43964,1471,78,5277,39172,43965,793,43967],"views":2640,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84735"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84735"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84735\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84744"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}