{"id":8472,"date":"2013-03-18T16:24:29","date_gmt":"2013-03-18T13:24:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=8472"},"modified":"2013-03-18T17:19:17","modified_gmt":"2013-03-18T14:19:17","slug":"kayagazi-turkiyeye-9-yil-yetiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/kayagazi-turkiyeye-9-yil-yetiyor\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Kayagaz\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye 9 y\u0131l Yetiyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Mevcut 420 milyar metrek\u00fcp kaya gaz\u0131 rezervi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 9 y\u0131ll\u0131k do\u011fal gaz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (HASEN) Uzman\u0131 Fatih Macit, kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131na k\u0131smi de olsa \u00e7are olabilecek bir kaynak oldu\u011funu kaydetti. HASEN Uzman\u0131 Fatih Macit, kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirirken, HASEN Bilim ve Uzmanlar Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Efgan Niftiyev ise \u00f6zellikle elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretiminde k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve hidro enerji gibi alanlara \u00f6ncelik vermesinin daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken bir kaynak oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen Macit, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti: \u201cKaya gaz\u0131 son d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan stratejik bir kaynak oldu. Bu anlamda ABD kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131 en aktif \u015fekilde kullanan \u00fclkelerden biri. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019de t\u00fcketilen do\u011fal gaz\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 3\u2032\u00fc kaya gaz\u0131ndan gelirken, bug\u00fcn bu rakam y\u00fczde 25\u2032lere y\u00fckseldi. Tespit edilen rezervler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"Fakat T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fal gaz tedarikini \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kaya gaz\u0131 mutlaka de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken bir kaynak. Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin getirdi\u011fi do\u011fal bir sonu\u00e7 olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fal gaz ihtiyac\u0131 her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 17,4 milyar metrek\u00fcp olan y\u0131ll\u0131k do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketimi 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 50 milyar metrek\u00fcp\u00fc bulmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcrkiye bu anlamda \u00c7in\u2019den sonra do\u011fal gaz talebinin en h\u0131zl\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Bunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcretilen elektri\u011fin y\u00fczde 90\u2032n\u0131n do\u011fal gaz santrallerinden \u00fcretiliyor olmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 var\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131smi de olsa azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Macit, kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131sal problemlerinden biri olan cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa k\u0131smi de olsa \u00e7are olabilecek bir kaynak oldu\u011funu belirterek, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmedeki ciddi yava\u015flamaya ra\u011fmen cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 49 milyar dolara ancak gerileyebildi\u011fine dikkati \u00e7ekti. \u201cFakat T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin br\u00fct enerji ithalat\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda asl\u0131nda ekonomi 11 milyar dolar cari fazla verir konumda bulunuyor\u201d diyen Macit, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmeden ekonomide s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme yakalamas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, artan ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme enerji talebini artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckseldi\u011fini ve ekonomi birka\u00e7 y\u0131l y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ard\u0131ndan mecburen frene basmak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Macit, \u201cDolay\u0131s\u0131yla kaya gaz\u0131 gibi alternatif enerji kaynaklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji ithalat\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak hem ekonominin yabanc\u0131 tasarruflara ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 azaltacak hem de uzun vadede s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7acakt\u0131r\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u201cKaya gaz\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ancak yeterli de\u011fil\u201d<\/h2>\n

Kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ancak yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getiren Efgan Niftiyev ise, yak\u0131n gelecekte kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fal gaz talebini kar\u015f\u0131lamada b\u00fcy\u00fck bir paya sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemenin zor oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. Niftiyev, \u201cKaya gaz\u0131 sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda ABD, Ukrayna gibi \u00fclkelerde de y\u00fcksek potansiyele sahip olsa da bu kayna\u011f\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi do\u011frultusunda hen\u00fcz somut planlamalar ve ad\u0131mlar s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye hem s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz (LNG) hem de kaya gaz\u0131 noktas\u0131nda hen\u00fcz gerekli know how ve altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f de\u011fil fakat ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta uluslararas\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeden yararlan\u0131larak daha sonras\u0131nda yerel sekt\u00f6r kapasitesi artt\u0131r\u0131labilir. Kaya gaz\u0131 konusunda sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda global anlamda da ilerlemi\u015f bir tecr\u00fcbe s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmesi gerekti\u011fini de vurgulayan Niftiyev, kaya gaz\u0131 gelecek vaat eden bir kaynak olsa da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u015fu an i\u00e7in ithal enerji kaynaklar\u0131na alternatif olarak \u00f6zellikle elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretiminde k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve hidro enerji gibi alanlara \u00f6ncelik vermesinin daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kaya gaz\u0131 potansiyeline d\u00f6n\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n somutla\u015fmas\u0131 ve gerekli altyap\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ile beraber kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n da ithal enerji kaynaklar\u0131na ilerde alternatif olu\u015fturabilece\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u201cKaya gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak depreme yol a\u00e7ar m\u0131?\u201d sorusuna cevap veren HASEN uzmanlar\u0131 \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c\u015eeyl gaz operasyonlar\u0131, yerin 2500 metre derinli\u011finde olmas\u0131ndan ve kapal\u0131 bir sistemde yani muhafaza borusu i\u00e7inde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131na veya yer alt\u0131 su tablosuna ula\u015fma \u015fans\u0131 yok gibidir. Genelde \u00e7atlatma yatay y\u00f6nde 500 metre \u00e7apl\u0131 ve 200 metre boyunda bir silindir i\u00e7inde meydana gelir. Bu durum yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131 kirletmez. Bu operasyonlar, ya \u00e7ok ince tabakal\u0131 \u015feyllerde ya da porozitesi \u00e7ok az olan kumta\u015flar\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in zaten ortam ge\u00e7irimsizdir ve \u015feyller zaten \u00f6rt\u00fc kaya durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Olu\u015fan \u00e7atlaklar en fazla 200 metre, dikey y\u00f6nde geli\u015febilir. Yer alt\u0131 su tablas\u0131 en fazla yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden 300 metre derinde oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bir sak\u0131nca yoktur denebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7atlatma operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte de olsa baz\u0131 lokal depremciklerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma ihtimali oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir, ancak ispatlanm\u0131\u015f bir durum bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki mevcut mevzuatlar\u0131m\u0131zda bu t\u00fcr operasyonlar i\u00e7in koruyucu ve \u00f6nleyici d\u00fczenlemeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Her durumda yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lardan gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nceden istenmektedir. \u0130ngiltere 28 \u015eubat 2013 tarihi itibariyle kuyularda \u015feyl gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in koydu\u011fu yasa\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olup, Almanya ise \u015eeyl Gaz\u0131 aramalar\u0131na ba\u015flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurmu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaya gaz\u0131 nedir?<\/h2>\n

Y\u00fczde 75\u2032 den fazla metan gaz\u0131 olan ve ticari olarak pazarlanan gaz halindeki hidrokarbonlar\u0131n ortak ad\u0131na do\u011fal gaz ad\u0131 veriliyor. do\u011fal gaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kayna\u011fa g\u00f6re i\u00e7eri\u011findeki metan, etan ve propan de\u011fi\u015febilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; kil tabakas\u0131ndan \u00fcretiliyor ise \u201ckaya gaz\u0131\u201d (shale gas), s\u0131k\u0131 kumta\u015f\u0131 tabakas\u0131 i\u00e7inden \u00fcretilene \u201ctight gaz\u201d ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr tabakas\u0131 i\u00e7inden \u00fcretiliyorsa \u201cK\u00f6m\u00fcr gaz\u0131\u201d (coalbed methane) \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Yani \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan dolay\u0131 kaya gaz\u0131 ya da \u201c\u015eeyl gaz\u201d denmektedir. Kaya gaz\u0131, \u015feyl (shale) ad\u0131 verilen ve kil ile kuvars ve kalsit minerallerinden olu\u015fan ve ge\u00e7irimsiz (s\u0131k\u0131) olan tortul kayac\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6zeneklerinde yine \u00e7o\u011funlukla suyla birlikte hapsedilmi\u015f bulunan metan gaz\u0131 da denebilir.<\/p>\n

Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin mevcut kaya gaz\u0131 rezervi 420 milyar metrek\u00fcp. Bu potansiyelin, y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 43 milyar metrek\u00fcp do\u011fal gaz ihtiyac\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 9 y\u0131l boyunca do\u011fal gaz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rabilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendiriyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Mevcut 420 milyar metrek\u00fcp kaya gaz\u0131 rezervi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 9 y\u0131ll\u0131k do\u011fal gaz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilir. Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (HASEN) Uzman\u0131 Fatih Macit, kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8473,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[1559,3639,3643,3642,3641,3638,3640,2673],"views":433,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8472"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8472"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8475,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8472\/revisions\/8475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}