{"id":8466,"date":"2013-03-18T16:03:44","date_gmt":"2013-03-18T13:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=8466"},"modified":"2013-03-18T21:45:39","modified_gmt":"2013-03-18T18:45:39","slug":"nukleer-enerji-ve-turkiye-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/nukleer-enerji-ve-turkiye-2\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) N\u00fckleer Enerji ve T\u00fcrkiye…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

\u00dcranus gezegeni ad\u0131n\u0131 Yunan mitolojisinin g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131r. \u00dcranus ayn\u0131 zamanda Roma mitolojisindeki Saturn\u2019un babas\u0131d\u0131r. 1781\u2032de William Herschel taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, sekiz y\u0131l sonra Alman kimyac\u0131 Martin Klaproth taraf\u0131ndan bulunan Uranyum\u2019un da isim babas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk ba\u015flarda \u00f6nemi ve yap\u0131s\u0131 tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lamasa da Uranyum sahip oldu\u011fu radyoaktivite \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131za hem bir enerji devrimini hem de bir korkuyu beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. \u00dczerinde bir \u00e7ok spek\u00fclasyon yap\u0131lan n\u00fckleer enerjiyi anlayabilmek i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6nce radyoaktivitenin ne oldu\u011funu anlamak gerekir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 y\u0131ld\u0131r planlanan lakin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin g\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerinin yeterli olamay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla, 10 y\u0131lda bir yap\u0131lan darbelerle politikalar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle ve nihayetinde ekonomik krizlere ba\u015fba\u015fa kalan \u00fclkemizde s\u00fcrekli ertelenen n\u00fckleer enerji projesi, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya ile yap\u0131lan ikili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerle h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015f ve Akkuyu\u2019da kurulacak ilk tesis i\u00e7in imzalar at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 dizisinde n\u00fckleer enerjiyi inceleyerek, zaten herkesin bir fikir(!) sahibi oldu\u011fu konuyu biraz a\u00e7arak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve hepimizi ilgilendiren imzan\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fini anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak n\u00fckleer enerjinin temelini olu\u015fturan radyoaktivite ya da \u00c7ernobil kazas\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7ok me\u015fhur olan ad\u0131yla radyasyonun ne oldu\u011funu anlamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\"\"Radyasyon, kelime anlam\u0131 olarak \u0131\u015f\u0131ma demektir. Atom taneciklerinin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fur ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 doza g\u00f6re zarar verir. Radyasyon, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yedi\u011fimiz yemekte, i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz suda, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nefeste oldu\u011fu gibi; as\u0131l olarak insan eliyle kontrollu bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretilebilir ve \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak n\u00fckleer santrallerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Radyasyon, modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n getirdi\u011fi teknolojik kolayl\u0131klarla beraber hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neredeyse her alan\u0131na girmi\u015ftir. Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 zararl\u0131 ve zarars\u0131z radyasyon olarak ikiye ay\u0131rsa da zarars\u0131z radyasyonun ne kadar \u201czarars\u0131z\u201d oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle cep telefonu kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve baz istasyonlar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bunun en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Televizyon izlerken, bilgisayar kullan\u0131rken, \u00fct\u00fc yaparken maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi, tedavi i\u00e7in gitti\u011fimiz hastanelerde de radyasyon al\u0131yoruz. Radyasyon, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde artan kanser vakalar\u0131n\u0131n tetikleyici sebeplerinden biri olarak kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl zararlar\u0131 kesin olarak bilinen, radyasyon deyince ilk akla gelen ise Alfa, Beta ve Gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131d\u0131r. Yuksek dozda maruz kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozda ise kal\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klara ve yanmalara yol a\u00e7abilir. K\u0131saca bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlarsak;<\/p>\n

Alfa \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f ve yap\u0131sal olarak a\u011f\u0131r olsa da deriye n\u00fcfuz edemez. Bir ka\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7as\u0131 bile Alfa \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kesmeye yeterlidir. Fakat nefes yoluyla v\u00fccuda girerse adeta bir bowling topu gibi h\u00fccreleri par\u00e7alar.<\/p>\n

Beta \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 Alfa\u2019ya g\u00f6re daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yap\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Deriden ge\u00e7emese de yan\u0131klar olu\u015fturur. Beta\u2019dan korunmak i\u00e7in de ince bir metal ya da aluminyum folyo yeterlidir. Ama Beta \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 da vucuda girerse Alfa ile ayn\u0131 etkiyi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131na benzer, v\u00fccuda rahatl\u0131kla girer. Son derece zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131ndan korunmak i\u00e7in ise kur\u015fun z\u0131rha ya da yakla\u015f\u0131k bir metre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda beton duvara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulur. Radyasyonun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcnde Amerika\u2019da ve Avrupa\u2019da farkl\u0131 iki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc birimi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu birim Amerika\u2019da Rem, Avrupa\u2019da Sv\u2019dir. (Sievert). (1 Rem = 0.01 Sv)<\/p>\n

Radyasyon miktar\u0131n\u0131n ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar\u0131n\u0131n kolayca anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in bu tabloya g\u00f6z atabiliriz;<\/p>\n

*5-10 Rem \u2013 1 saat i\u00e7inde kan\u0131n kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik *50-55 Rem \u2013 1 saat i\u00e7inde bulant\u0131 ve bitkinlik *70-75 Rem \u2013 2-3 hafta i\u00e7inde sa\u00e7 kayb\u0131 *400 Rem \u2013 2 ay i\u00e7inde \u00f6l\u00fcm ihtimali *1000 Rem \u2013 1 hafta i\u00e7inde i\u00e7 kanama ve \u00f6l\u00fcm *2000 Rem \u2013 1 saat i\u00e7inde sinir sistemi fel\u00e7i ve \u00f6l\u00fcm.<\/p>\n

Bu tabloyu g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata uygularsak, di\u015f\u00e7ide \u00e7ekilen bir film 0.0005 Rem, tomografi 1-1,5 Rem, mamogram 0.04 Rem, 2400 km\u2019lik bir u\u00e7u\u015f 1 Rem ve evde kitap okurken y\u0131ll\u0131k 0.2 Rem. (bir yandan elektrikli e\u015fyalar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor tabi)<\/p>\n

Siz de y\u0131ll\u0131k ne kadar radyasyona maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki linkten kolayca hesaplayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/radiation\/understand\/calculate.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu hesaplama Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6re yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u201changi b\u00f6lgedesiniz\u201d sorusuna Atlantic Coast diye cevap verebilirsiniz. Amerika\u2019da ya\u015fayan bir insan\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyasyon ortalamas\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 0.6 Rem. Bakal\u0131m sizin ka\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kacak?<\/p>\n

Bu link Amerikan EPA\u2019n\u0131n (Environmental Protection Agency). Bizdeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7evre Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oluyor. Bu sitede \u00e7evre ve insan \u00fcst\u00fcne etkileri ile ilgili her \u015feyi bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00dcniversitelerde y\u00fcksek lisans ve doktora \u00f6\u011frencilerinin \u00f6devlerinde referans kabul ediliyor. Yani \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcncel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7eriyor. Acaba bizde durum nas\u0131l diye, n\u00fckleer enerji tesisi imzas\u0131 atm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 web sitesine girdim. Ba\u015fl\u0131klar \u015f\u00f6yle, \u201cbakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, bakan\u0131m\u0131z, mevzuat, ihaleler\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Sonra dedim ki belki Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda vard\u0131r, orda da tablo \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201cbakanl\u0131k te\u015fkilat\u0131, mevzuat, birimlerimiz\u201d.<\/p>\n

Son olarak Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na bakt\u0131m, ne de olsa n\u00fckleeri y\u00f6netiyor. Ayn\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klara ilave olarak \u201cenerji\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u201cn\u00fckleer enerji\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yar\u0131m sayfa son derece y\u00fczeysel n\u00fckleer enerji a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131. Diyor ki, n\u00fckleerden elektrik \u00fcretiliyormu\u015f.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer g\u00fcncel ve bilgilendirici bir web siteniz olursa, yani ziyaret\u00e7ileriniz i\u015flerini takip eden m\u00fcteahhitler, duyurular\u0131 takip eden memurlar de\u011fil de ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan \u00f6\u011frenciler, \u00e7evre ile ilgili herhangi bir konuyu merak eden insanlar olursa; i\u015fte o zaman insanlar n\u00fckleer ile ilgili bir bilgiyi Greenpeace web sitesinden de\u011fil de bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sitesinden \u00f6\u011frenebilir.<\/p>\n

Bir sonraki yaz\u0131 n\u00fckleer tesisler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleri ve d\u00fcnyadaki durumu hakk\u0131nda olacak.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.\u00dcranus gezegeni ad\u0131n\u0131 Yunan mitolojisinin g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc tanr\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131r. \u00dcranus ayn\u0131 zamanda Roma mitolojisindeki Saturn\u2019un babas\u0131d\u0131r. 1781\u2032de William Herschel taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, sekiz y\u0131l sonra […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,43],"tags":[67,21,3634,2322,3633,846],"views":915,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8466"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8466"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8484,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8466\/revisions\/8484"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}