{"id":80835,"date":"2018-10-23T15:20:44","date_gmt":"2018-10-23T12:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=80835"},"modified":"2018-10-23T15:23:15","modified_gmt":"2018-10-23T12:23:15","slug":"ozel-haber-ormandan-gelen-enerji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/ozel-haber-ormandan-gelen-enerji\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u00d6zel Haber: Ormandan Gelen Enerji…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere her g\u00fcn, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol, do\u011falgaz gibi milyonlarca y\u0131lda meydana gelmi\u015f fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 kullan\u0131yoruz. Bunun sonucunda atmosfere sal\u0131nan karbondioksit, etkisini k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma olarak olduk\u00e7a hissettirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi felaketini ger\u00e7ekten \u00f6nlemek isteniyorsa enerji \u00fcretme y\u00f6ntemlerinde k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsano\u011flunun bildi\u011fi \u00e7ok eski bir yak\u0131t olan odunun ileri teknolojik y\u00f6ntemlerle enerji haline getirilmesi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden birisi olabilir.2020 y\u0131llar\u0131nda OECD \u00fclkelerinin elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n %15\u2019inin, yani 100 \"\"milyondan fazla evin elektri\u011fine e\u015f de\u011fer g\u00fcc\u00fcn, biyok\u00fctleden kar\u015f\u0131lanabilece\u011fi vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Odunsu bioyok\u00fctle, geli\u015fmi\u015f, ileri teknolojiler kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yenilenebilir, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde bize bir se\u00e7enek sunabilir. T\u00fcketilen enerji kaynaklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde biyok\u00fctlenin pay\u0131 y\u00fckseltilerek karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 y\u0131lda milyonlarca ton azalt\u0131labilir.Olas\u0131 yap\u0131lacak tesisler, yap\u0131lacak b\u00f6lgelerde binlerce ki\u015fiye istihdam yaratabilir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n elektrik enerji \u00fcretiminin %19 \u2019u yenilenebilir enerji teknolojileri ile sa\u011flanmakta olup bunun 2035 y\u0131l\u0131nda %26, 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise yakla\u015f\u0131k %33\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. K\u00fcresel enerji talebi 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %37 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterecektir. \u00dclkemiz fosil yak\u0131tlarda %48 oran\u0131nda d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olup 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji ithalat\u0131n\u0131n 1,4 trilyon dolar olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Son zamanlarda geli\u015ftirilen teknolojilerle \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Avrupa, Amerika, Japonya gibi odundan elektrik \u00fcretimi yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup bunun \u00fclkemize de gelmesi beklenmektedir. 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa ormanlar\u0131ndan elde edilen odun hammaddesinin %60\u2019 \u0131n\u0131n elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.Yap\u0131labilecek kalori ve karbon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin end\u00fcstriyel a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma ile bir \u00e7ok i\u015f sahas\u0131 ve \u00fclkemizin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k azalt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Yak\u0131t Cinsi<\/strong><\/td>\nE\u015fde\u011fer Kuru Odun<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antrasit<\/strong><\/td>\n1,80<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kok K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/td>\n1,62<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Linyit<\/strong><\/td>\n1,08<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turba<\/strong><\/td>\n0,77<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fuel -Oil<\/strong><\/td>\n2,19<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Do\u011falgaz<\/strong><\/td>\n1,92<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Havagaz\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n0,94<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tablo 1.1 <\/strong>Odunun Di\u011fer Yak\u0131tlarla Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n

A\u011fa\u00e7lar b\u00fcy\u00fcrken fotosentez ile atmosferden CO2\u2019i absorbe ederler ve organik yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde karbon olarak biriktirirler. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, atmosfere oksijen vermeye ba\u015flarlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla odun k\u00fctlesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %49\u2019u karbondan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ortalama bir a\u011fa\u00e7 fotosentez reaksiyonu temelinde b\u00fcy\u00fcrken; her 1 metrek\u00fcpl\u00fck hacim art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda atmosferden 1.000 kg CO2 <\/sub>absorbe eder buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 7.272 kg O2<\/sub> \u00fcretir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla odun enerji \u00fcretiminde tercih edilebilir bir kaynak olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Hammadde<\/strong><\/td>\nIs\u0131 de\u011feri (Kcal\/kg)<\/strong><\/td>\nA\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/td>\nIs\u0131 de\u011ferleri (Kcal\/kg)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Butan gaz\u0131<\/strong><\/td>\n12.000<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00c7am<\/strong><\/td>\n5.066<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fuel oil<\/strong><\/td>\n10.000<\/strong><\/td>\nKay\u0131n<\/strong><\/td>\n4.802<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Antrasit<\/strong><\/td>\n7.800<\/strong><\/td>\nLadin<\/strong><\/td>\n4.726<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maden k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong><\/td>\n7.000<\/strong><\/td>\nG\u00f6knar<\/strong><\/td>\n4.651<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kok<\/strong><\/td>\n6.000<\/strong><\/td>\nHu\u015f<\/strong><\/td>\n4.505<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Linyit<\/strong><\/td>\n4.200<\/strong><\/td>\nMe\u015fe<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n4.356<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odun(Rutubetli)<\/strong><\/td>\n3.000<\/strong><\/td>\nAk\u00e7aa\u011fa\u00e7<\/strong><\/td>\n4.183<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tezek<\/strong><\/td>\n2.300<\/strong><\/td>\nKavak<\/strong><\/td>\n4.129<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nG\u00fcrgen<\/strong><\/td>\n4.062<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tablo 1.2.<\/strong> Is\u0131 de\u011ferleri ve a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinin \u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferleri<\/p>\n

Genel olarak ise \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinde 1 kg tam kuru odunun yak\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen kalori de\u011ferleri 4000-5100 Kcal aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131dak\u0131 tablodan\u2019da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere biyok\u00fctleden azami \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde faydalanmal\u0131y\u0131z. Odunsu biyok\u00fctlenin pirolizi yeni bir kap\u0131 a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. Bu da \u00fclkemizin d\u0131\u015fa olan enerji ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 azaltacak olup yerli kaynaklara y\u00f6nelimini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Biyok\u00fctle\u2019den enerji \u00fcretme y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri piroliz sistemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u015fekildeki gibi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Piroliz, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta oksijensiz ortamda organik maddelerin termal k\u0131r\u0131lmaya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 termo kimyasal s\u00fcre\u00e7tir.S\u00fcre\u00e7 sonunda organik maddelerin i\u00e7erisindeki karbon ve u\u00e7ucu maddeler ayr\u0131l\u0131r. U\u00e7ucunun daha sonra yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131v\u0131 ve gaz formunda iki farkl\u0131 yak\u0131t elde edilir.Piroliz kabaca, b\u00fcy\u00fck molek\u00fcllerin daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gaz, s\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131 molek\u00fcllere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesidir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tablo 1.3<\/strong>. 2017 Nisan Sonu \u0130tibari \u0130le \u00dclkemizde Elektrik Enerjisi Kurulu G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Yillar<\/strong><\/td>\nEnerji \u0130thalat Bedeli (Milyon $)<\/strong><\/td>\nToplam \u0130thalatta Enerji Pay\u0131(%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2009<\/strong><\/td>\n29.905<\/strong><\/td>\n21,2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2010<\/strong><\/td>\n38.497<\/strong><\/td>\n20,7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2011<\/strong><\/td>\n54.117<\/strong><\/td>\n22,5<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012<\/strong><\/td>\n60.116<\/strong><\/td>\n25,4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2013<\/strong><\/td>\n55.916<\/strong><\/td>\n22,2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2014<\/strong><\/td>\n54.889<\/strong><\/td>\n22,7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2015<\/strong><\/td>\n37.800<\/strong><\/td>\n18,3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2016<\/strong><\/td>\n27.200<\/strong><\/td>\n13,7<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tablo 1.4<\/strong>. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Enerji \u0130thalat\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemiz \u00f6nemli bir oranda b\u00fct\u00e7esini enerji ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00f6demekle beraber her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l toplam ithalattaki enerji pay\u0131n\u0131 azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tablo\u2019dan g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6mer HO\u015e – Enerji Sistemleri M\u00fchendisi –\u00a0omer.hos61@gmail.com<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

YILDIZ, U.C., 2011. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00dcretimde ve Kalkinmada Ah\u015fap Malzemenin G\u00fcc\u00fc. I. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve \u00c7evre Sempozyumu 26-28 Ekim 2011<\/p>\n

TE\u0130A\u015e, T\u00dc\u0130K, Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere her g\u00fcn, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol, do\u011falgaz gibi milyonlarca y\u0131lda meydana gelmi\u015f fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 kullan\u0131yoruz. Bunun sonucunda atmosfere sal\u0131nan karbondioksit, etkisini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":80838,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22893,53],"tags":[35143,29816,23803,40476,34979,19638,26353,19,67,1009,40477,40478,26829],"views":2342,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80835"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80835"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80835\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":80839,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80835\/revisions\/80839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}