{"id":79206,"date":"2018-09-25T12:16:59","date_gmt":"2018-09-25T09:16:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=79206"},"modified":"2018-09-25T12:18:24","modified_gmt":"2018-09-25T09:18:24","slug":"fotovoltaik-sistemlerin-verim-arttirma-calismalarina-dair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/fotovoltaik-sistemlerin-verim-arttirma-calismalarina-dair\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Fotovoltaik Sistemlerin Verim Artt\u0131rma \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na Dair…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle elektrik \u00fcretimi, fosil kaynaklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklar olmas\u0131 ve sebep olduklar\u0131 \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fin en \u00f6nemli teknolojilerindendir. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden do\u011frudan elektrik \u00fcreten sistemler fotovoltaik (PV) sistemler olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Bir PV sistemin en \u00f6nemli eleman\u0131 \u2018g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccresi\u2019 olarak bilinir ve verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccresi \u00fczerinde ar-ge yap\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Verim ve tasarruf kelimeleri enerji sistemlerinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli iki kavramd\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f pilinin verimi, standart ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda elde edilen elektrik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcne olan oran\u0131d\u0131r. Standart ko\u015fullar belirli bir \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc (1000W\/m2<\/sup> ), \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi atmosfer kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (AM 1,5) ve g\u00fcne\u015f \"\"h\u00fccresi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (25o<\/sup>C) olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccresinin verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ak\u0131m-gerilim karakteristi\u011fini(I-V e\u011frisi) iyile\u015ftirmek gerekir. I-V e\u011frisi ile elde edilen maksimum g\u00fc\u00e7 noktas\u0131 mod\u00fcl veya panelin nominal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccresi teknolojilerini birinci jenerasyon, ikinci jenerasyon ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc jenerasyon olarak kategorize ediyoruz. Fotovoltaik g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi deyince akla ilk gelen, kristal silisyum teknolojisidir. Bu teknoloji birinci jenerasyon olarak bilinir. Yerkabu\u011funda en \u00e7ok bulunan ikinci element olan silisyum, ucuz ve verimli g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zeleri \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Piyasada \u00e7o\u011funlukla birinci jenerasyon olan monokristal ve polikristal h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fan paneller kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel silisyum g\u00fcne\u015f pillerinin verimi %15-25 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u0130kinci jenerasyon, ince film teknolojisidir. \u0130nce film teknolojisi, kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 grupta incelenir. \u0130lk olarak amorf silisyum (a-Si) yada a-Si\/mikrokristalSi<\/strong> ince film g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zelerinden bahsedersek, en eski ve en bilinen ince film teknolojisidir. Bu h\u00fccreler p-i-n tabakalar\u0131ndan olu\u015furlar. Burada i b\u00f6lgesi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n as\u0131l so\u011furuldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgedir. Verimleri %13 seviyelerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci grup kadmiyum s\u00fclf\u00fcr\/kadmiyum tell\u00fcr(CdS\/CdTe) <\/strong>g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleridir. CdS\/CdTe ekemi ak\u0131m olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli ak\u0131m potansiyelini sa\u011flar. CdTe g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccrelerinin verimi %15-21 de\u011ferleri civar\u0131ndad\u0131r ve panel maliyeti d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm teknolojiler aras\u0131nda en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyededir. CdS\/CdTe ile ilgili en b\u00fcy\u00fck endi\u015fe, Cd elementinin zehirli olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak konunun uzmanlar\u0131 CdS ve CdTe bile\u015fiklerinin zehirsiz oldu\u011funu vurguluyor. CdTe\u2019nin ince film teknolojisinde \u00e7ok iyi bir aktif madde olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan d\u00f6rt \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011finden bahsedersek;<\/p>\n

– CdTe malzemenin en duyal\u0131 olu\u011fu b\u00f6lge, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tayf\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu dalga boylar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/p>\n

– CdTe\u2019\u00fcn elektronik yap\u0131s\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde so\u011frulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

– CdTe \u00fcretimi kolayd\u0131r. Cd ve Te kolayl\u0131kla CdTe olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

– D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli \u00fcretime uyan, basit biriktirme ve kaplama teknikleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131r indiyum galyum ve selenyum \u2013CuInGase-(CIGS)\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ince film teknolojisidir. D\u00f6rt elementli bu yar\u0131iletken en y\u00fcksek verime sahip ince film h\u00fccre olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u00dcretimleri biraz zor olsa da, CIGS g\u00f6zeler hayli pop\u00fcler. CIGS malzemesinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek so\u011furma katsay\u0131s\u0131 ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 tayf\u0131na uygun denilebilecek yasak enerji bant arl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerindendir. CIGS g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccrelerinin verimi ise %23\u2019e kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc jenerasyon g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccresi teknolojilerine de de\u011finecek olursak;<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7ok Eklemli (Muti-Junction\/Tandem):<\/strong> Tandem g\u00fcne\u015f pilini \u00fc\u00e7 eklemli bir g\u00fcne\u015f pili oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. Ortadaki eklem, kendinden \u00f6nce bulunan so\u011frulmadan ge\u00e7en, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjili fotonlar\u0131 so\u011furur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu y\u00fcksek yasak enerji aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip eklem yasak enerji aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerjili fotonlar i\u00e7in saydam b\u00f6lgedir. Ortadaki eklem, iki y\u00fczeyinden \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r veya di\u011fer eklemlerden yans\u0131yan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplar. Fotonlar\u0131n bu geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde verim olduk\u00e7a artar. Bu y\u00f6ntemle %44 verimlili\u011fe sahip h\u00fccreler \u00fcretilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Nanoteknoloji yeni nesil g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleri:<\/strong> Nanoteknolojinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 malzemenin nano \"\"b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki y\u00fczeylerine ve kuantum etkile\u015fimlerine dayan\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda, ekonomik hammaddeler kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilen nanotellerin, g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccrelerinde verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Nanoteller, \u00e7ap\u0131 100 nanometreden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, farkl\u0131 uzunluklarda, iletken yada yar\u0131iletken \u00e7ubuklard\u0131r. Nanoteller ve nanopar\u00e7ac\u0131klar ile g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zelerini esnek yapmakta m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. En son Hokkaido \u00dcniversitesi Elektronik bilimi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Ensit\u00fct\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ndeki bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, \u2018Alt\u0131n Sandivi\u00e7\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen bir yar\u0131iletken \u00fczerine y\u00fcklenen alt\u0131n nanopartik\u00fclleri kullan\u0131larak geni\u015f bir spektral aral\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplayabilen bir fotoelektrot geli\u015ftirildi. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %85\u2019ini yakalayan bu teknolojiyle verim 11 kat daha artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Organik G\u00fcne\u015f H\u00fccreleri: <\/strong>\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir olmalar\u0131 sayesinde bir \u00e7ok y\u00fczeye uygulanabilen organik g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zelerinin verimlerinin %10\u2019un \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karlmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Boya Duyarl\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f H\u00fccresi(DSSC): <\/strong>Bu g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zelerinin \u00fcst\u00fcn y\u00f6nleri ekonomikli\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131ma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmeleri, esnek taban malzemelerine uygulanabilmeleri, s\u00fcrekli \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131na uyarlanabilmeleridir. Verimleri %11 dolaylar\u0131nda olsa da mevcut teknolojiler i\u00e7erisinde enerji \u00fcretim maliyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan performans\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan fotovoltaik teknolojidir.<\/p>\n

Perovskite G\u00fcne\u015f H\u00fccresi: <\/strong>Kalsiyum Titanat(CaTiO3<\/sub>) minerali perovskit olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Laboratuvarda perovskite g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccrelerinden %20,1 verim elde edilmi\u015ftir. En pop\u00fcler sentetik perovskite g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccresi, metil amonyum kur\u015fun iyod\u00fcr, yakla\u015f\u0131k %31 teorik maksimum verimlili\u011fe sahiptir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zge EFE \u2013 Enerji Sistemleri M\u00fchendisi \u2013\u00a0a.ozgeefe@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Turan,R., Parlak, M.(2011) \u0130nce Film G\u00fcne\u015f G\u00f6zeleri, T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi<\/p>\n

\u00d6zenba\u015f, A., Yavuz, H.(2011) Boya Duyarl\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f G\u00f6zeleri Yeni ve Daha Ucuz Teknolojiler, T\u00dcB\u0130TAK Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.elektrikport.com\/teknik-kutuphane\/cok-eklemli-(tandem)-gunes-pilleri-nasil-calisir\/11660#ad-image-0<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.turksan.com\/ince-film-solar-paneller.html<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.elektrikport.com\/haber-roportaj\/gunes-enerjisi-11-kat-daha-verimli-kullanildi\/21681#ad-image-0<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/aceronur\/perovskite-temelli-gne-hcreleri<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle elektrik \u00fcretimi, fosil kaynaklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklar olmas\u0131 ve sebep olduklar\u0131 \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fin en \u00f6nemli teknolojilerindendir. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":79210,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,49],"tags":[67,1009,30179,35038,23416,38247,142,23131],"views":3619,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79206"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=79206"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":79212,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/79206\/revisions\/79212"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79210"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=79206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=79206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=79206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}