{"id":78888,"date":"2018-09-19T11:28:07","date_gmt":"2018-09-19T08:28:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=78888"},"modified":"2018-09-19T11:30:03","modified_gmt":"2018-09-19T08:30:03","slug":"gunumuz-uzay-araclarinin-enerji-kaynaklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/gunumuz-uzay-araclarinin-enerji-kaynaklari\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Uzay Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Sahi \u2018T\u00fcrkiye Uzay Ajans\u0131 kurulacakt\u0131, ne oldu?\u2019 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde, evrene yap\u0131lan ke\u015fiflerde kullan\u0131lan uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7evresinde dolanan uydular\u0131n hangi enerji t\u00fcrlerini kulland\u0131klar\u0131na de\u011finmek istedim. 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda NASA Voyager adl\u0131 iki uzay sondas\u0131n\u0131 uzaya f\u0131rlatt\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki g\u00f6revleri sadece J\u00fcpiter ve Sat\u00fcrn gezegen sistemleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi toplamak olan bu iki robotik sonda, \u015fuan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar aras\u0131 bo\u015flukta bulunuyor. NASA 7 Temmuz 2014 g\u00fcn\u00fc Voyager 1\u2019in kesin olarak y\u0131ld\u0131z sistemimizi terk etti\u011fini belirtti. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 41 y\u0131ld\u0131r yolculu\u011funa devam edip D\u00fcnya\u2019ya sinyal g\u00f6nderen sonda 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar D\u00fcnya\u2019ya bilgi g\u00f6ndermeye devam edecek. Uzayda sondan\u0131n yak\u0131t ikmali yapabilece\u011fi istasyonlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, nereden geliyor bu de\u011firmenin suyu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130nsano\u011flunun uzayda s\u00fcrekli ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapabilmesi ve ilerleyebilmesi, emin ve g\u00fcvenilir bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 bulmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve uydular i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahip g\u00fc\u00e7 sistemlerinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla \"\"kimyasal yak\u0131t, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ve n\u00fckleer enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 tercih edilmektedir. Evet, yanl\u0131\u015f okumad\u0131n\u0131z n\u00fckleer enerji sadece elektrik santrallerinde de\u011fil uzay teknolojilerinde de kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi y\u00fcksek enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu sayesinde derin uzay yolculuklar\u0131nda, uzun s\u00fcre denizlerde bulunmas\u0131 gereken n\u00fckleer denizalt\u0131larda, dev u\u00e7ak gemilerinde hem elektrik \u00fcretmek hem de pervaneleri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek amac\u0131yla n\u00fckleer enerji kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 420 watt g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki Voyager 1 uzay arac\u0131 azami saatte 62.136 km h\u0131z yaparak yakla\u015f\u0131k 41 y\u0131ld\u0131r yolculu\u011funa devam etmektedir. T\u0131pk\u0131 Voyager\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi bir uzay arac\u0131n\u0131n uzayda onlarca y\u0131l yol alabilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00fcretebilmesi ve depolayabilmesi gerekir. Bir uzay arac\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131nda, kullan\u0131labilecek enerji t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7im, var olan teknoloji d\u00fczeyine, arac\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na, enerji kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00e7ta kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alana, ya\u015fam s\u00fcresine, arac\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine ve daha bir\u00e7ok teknik ve ekonomik fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Gezegenlere g\u00f6nderilen uzay sondalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi sistemleri sorun yaratmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sebebi sondan\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015ften uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, al\u0131nan \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya \u00e7evresi ve i\u00e7 gezegen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olan g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri, d\u0131\u015f gezegen ve \u00f6te gezegen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda bir hayli verimsiz kalmaktad\u0131r. Soruna bir de enerjiyi \u00fcreten panellerin alan\u0131 ve enerjinin depolanmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanacak manevra kabiliyetinin azalmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bakmak gerekiyor. Bahsi ge\u00e7en Voyager 1 sondas\u0131nda \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak Pl\u00fctonyum 238\u2019\u00fcn kendili\u011finden bozunmas\u0131n\u0131 kullanan Radyoizotop termoelektrik jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc (RTG) denilen bir sistem kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu teknoloji 1950\u2019de Amerika\u2019da Dr. Bertam Blanke \u00f6nderli\u011finde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve bug\u00fcne kadar Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager1, Voyager2, Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini, New Horizons ve Mars\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen Viking1, Viking2, MSL ve Curiosity ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sa\u011flam yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve bulundurduklar\u0131 yak\u0131t\u0131 y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l boyunca muhafaza edecek \u015fekilde tasarlanan RTG\u2019lerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleri n\u00fckleer teknolojiler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok basit kalmaktad\u0131r. Yak\u0131t\u0131n yar\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 sahip oldu\u011fu k\u00fctleye k\u0131yasla y\u00fcksek enerji elde etmesi yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyasyon t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kolayl\u0131kla so\u011frulup kalkanlanabilen alfa be beta par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmas\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu sayede b\u00f6lme i\u00e7indeki yak\u0131t hem d\u0131\u015far\u0131 radyasyon sa\u00e7maz hem de uzun y\u0131llar enerji \u00fcretebilir. Ancak RTG\u2019lerin \u00fcretimi olduk\u00e7a zor ve pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Uzayda n\u00fckleer enerji konusuna gelirsek, bu teknolojiler \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fctle ile \u00e7ok fazla enerji \u00fcretimi sa\u011flarlar. VASIMR plazma roketi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rden alarak Mars yolculu\u011funu 39 g\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi hedefliyor. Bug\u00fcn Rusya ve NASA kendi Reakt\u00f6r teknolojilerini geli\u015ftirmekte ve bunlar\u0131 2020 sonras\u0131 kendi gezegenler aras\u0131 g\u00f6revlerinde kullanmay\u0131 planlamaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00e7evresinde dolanan uydular i\u00e7in ise en uygun enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f panelleridir. \u00d6zellikle k\u00fcp uydu tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda s\u0131kl\u0131kla tercih edilmektedir.\u00a0 Uydunun t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyleri g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri ile kapl\u0131d\u0131r ve uydu t\u00fcm enerjisini bu panellerden elde eder.<\/p>\n

Uzayda g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini kullanan ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek ise Raphael Domjan\u2019\u0131n giri\u015fimcisi oldu\u011fu SolarStratos projesidir. SolarStratos stratosferde g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve 80.000 feet\u2019ten fazla u\u00e7u\u015f yapabilen ilk u\u00e7ak olmay\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zge EFE \u2013 Enerji Sistemleri M\u00fchendisi \u2013\u00a0a.ozgeefe@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Sahi \u2018T\u00fcrkiye Uzay Ajans\u0131 kurulacakt\u0131, ne oldu?\u2019 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde, evrene yap\u0131lan ke\u015fiflerde kullan\u0131lan uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7evresinde dolanan uydular\u0131n hangi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":78890,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51,53,49],"tags":[67,1009,12235,13,12474,142,39396,21,39172,39394,39395],"views":4197,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78888"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78888"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":78892,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78888\/revisions\/78892"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}