{"id":78661,"date":"2018-09-13T16:24:20","date_gmt":"2018-09-13T13:24:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=78661"},"modified":"2018-09-13T16:28:34","modified_gmt":"2018-09-13T13:28:34","slug":"bir-enerji-meselesi-nukleer-enerji-santralleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/bir-enerji-meselesi-nukleer-enerji-santralleri\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Bir Enerji Meselesi: N\u00fckleer Enerji Santralleri!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Dillere pelesenk olmu\u015f \u00fclkelerin geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyi\u00a0<\/em>kavram\u0131 sizin i\u00e7in ne ifade ediyor? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ekonomi, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, savunma, ula\u015f\u0131m vb. alanlarda s\u00f6z sahibi, muas\u0131r bir medeniyet olmak i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6r ku\u015fkusuz ki enerjide ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. Durumu basit bir benzetmeyle daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale getirmek istiyorum. \u0130nsan v\u00fccudunu ele al\u0131rsak kan ile bizim \u00fcretti\u011fimiz enerjiyi birbirine benzetebiliriz. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ciddi bir yaralanma sonucunda kan kaybeden bir insana iyile\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in ne yap\u0131l\u0131r? Organlar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in ilk olarakd\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gerekli \u00fcnite kadar kan takviyesi yap\u0131l\u0131r, \u00f6yle de\u011fil mi? Peki bu d\"\"urum s\u00fcrekli hale gelirse ne olur? V\u00fccudun yeterli kan\u0131 \u00fcretemez ve s\u00fcrekli d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan kan takviyesine muhta\u00e7 kal\u0131rsan,sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015f ve hasta bir birey olursun. E\u011fitimine devam edemezsin, s\u00fcrekli birilerinin denetiminde ya\u015fars\u0131n, bu durum t\u00fcm ya\u015famsal faaliyetlerini k\u0131s\u0131tlar hatta cebinden yersin, borcun artar\u2026 Bu benzetmeden yola \u00e7\u0131karak bir \u00fclke kendi enerjisini kendi kar\u015f\u0131layamazsa d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan kar\u015f\u0131lamak zorunda kal\u0131r. \u0130lerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde bor\u00e7lanmaya sebep olur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplum kendi \u00fcretimini yap\u0131p kendi teknolojisini pazarlayacak kadar sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, refah ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ge\u00e7mi\u015fine bakarsak milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131, milli de\u011ferlerini kaybetmemek ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck ve onurlu bir m\u00fccadele veren T\u00fcrk milleti ne yaz\u0131k ki kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131ndan t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmi\u015f halde \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yoksul kalan atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n amac\u0131 kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmak ve ruh-beden sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanarak s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flayabilmek oldu. \u00c7ok \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr ki bizler bug\u00fcnlere gelebildik fakat bir sorun var. Atalar\u0131m\u0131zdan emanet ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu topraklarda hala ekonomi, enerji, e\u011fitim, savunma, sanat ve bir\u00e7ok alanda yeterli de\u011filiz. 21.yy\u2019day\u0131z ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fumuz hala kar\u0131n toklu\u011funa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Evet, ge\u00e7mi\u015fe k\u0131yasla daha konforluyuz. Konforumuza ra\u011fmen Ulu \u00d6nder Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn hedefledi\u011fi muas\u0131r medeniyetler seviyesine ula\u015facak kadar bilimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede, teknolojiyi \u00fcretmekte sanat yapmakta bir k\u0131sm\u0131m\u0131z hari\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fumuz \u0131srarc\u0131 ve etkili de\u011filiz. \u00dclke hazinesine para girmesi veya hazinedeki paray\u0131 kaybetmemek i\u00e7in enerjiye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. Hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc insano\u011flu neden atomun \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki tepkimelerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak enerjinin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr diye? G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ba\u015fl\u0131ca enerji kaynaklar\u0131olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol, do\u011falgazdan elde edilen enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu y\u00fcksek olsa da, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde bu kaynaklardan elde edilen enerji yetersiz kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu kaynaklar\u0131n fosil k\u00f6kenli olmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 t\u00fckenme ihtimalleri k\u0131sa vadede bir probleme yol a\u00e7masa bile uzun vadede enerji krizlerine sebep olacakt\u0131r. Diyeceksiniz ki yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z var. Benim de zaten okumaktan, \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan en keyif ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlar vadeden alan temiz ve sonsuz \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131. Ancak bu kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ne kadar g\u00fcvenliyse de s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen elde edilen enerji yo\u011funluklar\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullanabilmemiz i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu enerji kaynaklar\u0131na en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc alternatif enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 n\u00fckleer enerji olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde n\u00fckleer santraller \u2018n\u00fckleer fisyon\u2019 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Fisyon g\u00fcne\u015fte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen f\u00fczyonun (kayna\u015fma enerjisi) aksine atomun \u00e7ekirde\u011finin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesini ifade eder. \u00c7o\u011fu reakt\u00f6rde \u00e7ekirde\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcnen atom, uranyum elementinin U-235 izotopudur. N\u00fckleer santrallerin d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri olsa da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensipleri hemen hemen ayn\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00fckleer tepkimeler sonucunda \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan su, su buhar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Elde edilen buhar ile elektrik t\u00fcrbinleri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclerek elektrik \u00fcretilir. Petrol, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, do\u011falgaz ve n\u00fckleer enerjiyi birbirinden ay\u0131ran temel fark t\u00fcrbinleri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecek buhar\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hangi y\u00f6ntemle elde edilece\u011fidir. N\u00fckleer enerji reakt\u00f6rleri, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 yak\u0131t t\u00fcr\u00fcne, kulland\u0131klar\u0131 n\u00f6tron yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131ya(moderat\u00f6r), kulland\u0131klar\u0131 so\u011futucuya, teknolojik seviyelerine ve kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 gruplara ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Reakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok tercih edilen bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su reakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong>d\u00fcr(PWR).\u00a0<\/strong>D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 230\u2019dan fazlas\u0131 elektri\u011fin \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, kaynar su reakt\u00f6r\u00fc(BWR), bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r su reakt\u00f6r\u00fc(PHWR) ve geli\u015fmi\u015f reakt\u00f6r sistemleri(\u0130sve\u00e7-BWR90+, Almanya-SWR1000, ABD-AP1000\/EP1000, Fransa-EPR)<\/strong> kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eimdi \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7izilen bu reakt\u00f6r sistemlerini bir kenara koyup daha az bilinen Proton H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya Dayal\u0131 Toryum Yak\u0131tl\u0131 Enerji Sistemi<\/strong>\u2019nden k\u0131saca bahsetmek istiyorum. Bu sistem \u2018Ye\u015fil N\u00fckleer Enerji\u2019 <\/strong>olarak da ifade ediliyor. Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Carlo Rubbia\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde 1990\u2019larda CERN taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilmi\u015f olan bu par\u00e7ac\u0131k h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 Enerji Y\u00fckseltici(EnergyAmplifier-EA) veya H\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 S\u00fcr\u00fcml\u00fc Sistem(Accelerator DrivenSystem-ADS)\u00a0 teknolojisi<\/strong>olarak bilinmektedir. Bu sistemin geleneksel reakt\u00f6rlerden en \u00f6nemli fark\u0131, n\u00fckleer s\u00fcreci tetikleyen n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda proton h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilmesidir. Bu nedenle de prensip olarak \u00c7ernobil\u2019de ya\u015fanan t\u00fcrden kazalar\u0131n olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli avantaj da, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc n\u00fckleer at\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7ok az olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Geleneksel reakt\u00f6rlerde yak\u0131t olarak kat\u0131 uranyum \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, ADS reakt\u00f6r\u00fcnde s\u0131v\u0131 toryum yak\u0131t\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir y\u0131lda 1 GW kesintisiz g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr, uranyum ve toryum yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rsa 3.500.000 ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr, 200 ton uranyum, 1 ton toryum kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Geli\u015fim a\u015famas\u0131nda bir teknoloji olsa da toryum rezervine sahip \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in de\u011ferlendirilebilecek \u00f6nemli bir alternatif y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleer At\u0131klar <\/strong><\/p>\n

Reakt\u00f6rde kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131k tahmin edilece\u011fi gibi, radyoaktif elementleri i\u00e7erir. Radyoaktif ve zararl\u0131 elementler yak\u0131t\u0131n %5\u2019inden az\u0131nda bulunur. Radyoaktivite bu karars\u0131z elementlerin b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcrken a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klard\u0131r.Kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131tlar 5 ila 10 sene reakt\u00f6r i\u00e7indeki havuzlarda bekletilir. Daha sonra ge\u00e7ici bekletme depolar\u0131nda 30 ila 40 y\u0131l daha bekletilir. Bu sayede radyoaktivite ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Son depolamaya g\u00f6nderilecek olan yak\u0131tlar (su ile temaslar\u0131nda eriyerek yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131na kar\u0131\u015fmamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in) camla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak veya direkt olarak etraf\u0131 beton z\u0131rhla kapl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7elik bidonlara konur. Yak\u0131ttaki bu radyoaktif elementlerin hepsi D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n olu\u015fumunda do\u011fal olarak var olan ancak zamanla b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek yok olmu\u015f elementlerdir. Pl\u00fctonyum d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda at\u0131klarda bulunan zararl\u0131 maddelerin ortalama yar\u0131 \u00f6mr\u00fc 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Bu radyoaktif elementler zamanla kendi kendilerine b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek ba\u015fka elementlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu zararl\u0131 maddeler gerekli i\u015flemler yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, insan ve do\u011fa i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131k riski olu\u015fturmaz. Pl\u00fctonyum, at\u0131kta bulunan di\u011fer maddelerin aksine daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daha dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pl\u00fctonyum v\u00fccuda 5 cm\u2019den daha yak\u0131nsa veya v\u00fccuda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa zararl\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00fckleer at\u0131k konusunun s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde olmas\u0131 teknolojinin yeteriz olmas\u0131ndan de\u011fildir. Problem diplomatiktir. At\u0131k konusunda bir\u00e7ok \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131 devletlerin izniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. N\u00fckleer at\u0131k konusunda son olarak,reakt\u00f6rlerin bacalar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan duman su buhar\u0131d\u0131r ve zararl\u0131 hi\u00e7bir madde i\u00e7ermez.<\/p>\n

Yeni Nesil Reakt\u00f6rler ve N\u00fckleer G\u00fcvenlik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yeni nesil reakt\u00f6rler bir kaza s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7evreleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir tehdit olu\u015fturmayacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olsalar da reakt\u00f6rlerde meydana gelen hasarlar ciddi maddi kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7ar. Bir santralin her bir \u00fcnitesinin maliyeti 2-2,5 milyar dolar\u0131 bulur ve bir kaza santralin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirebilir. Haliyle \u00fcreticiler riske atamayaca\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerini \u00f6n planda tutuyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemlerinin maliyeti, bir n\u00fckleer santralin toplam maliyetinin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte birini olu\u015fturuyor. ABD\u2019de bulunan N\u00fckleer D\u00fczenleme Komisyonu\u2019nun(NRC) g\u00fcvenlik kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re, i\u015fletmede olan n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerin kalplerinin hasar g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 10.000 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u0131l\u0131nda 1\u2019den az olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleer enerji deyince hepimizin akl\u0131nda \u2018ya n\u00fckleer s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olursa\u2019 diye korku \u00e7anlar\u0131 \u00e7almaya ba\u015flayabiliyor. \u00d6ncelikle n\u00fckleer s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak gerekirse, bir reakt\u00f6rden yay\u0131lan ve reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn sebep oldu\u011fu radyasyon miktar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. V\u00fccudumuza topraktan ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden her an k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek oranda radyasyon gelir. Bu radyasyon tipi \u00e7evre radyasyonu olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ortalama bir yeti\u015fkinin v\u00fccudunda her saat yakla\u015f\u0131k 18 milyon potasyum atomu par\u00e7alanarak radyasyon yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Reakt\u00f6rler az da olsa bir miktar radyasyon yayar. Ancak bu miktar \u00e7evre radyasyonundan 300 kat daha azd\u0131r. \u0130nanmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 olsa da, n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rler \u00e7evremizdeki en radyoaktif yap\u0131lar de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer bir korku yaratan alg\u0131 ise n\u00fckleer santralin atom bombas\u0131 gibi patlayaca\u011f\u0131 korkusudur. Kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 n\u00fckleer bir silah gibi patlamas\u0131 fiziksel olarak imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. N\u00fckleer bir patlama i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n en az %20 oran\u0131nda zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131(%20 oran\u0131nda U-235\u2019e sahip olmas\u0131 ) gerekir. Sava\u015flarda kullan\u0131lan ve sava\u015f i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n zenginlik oranlar\u0131 en az %80\u2019dir. %20 yeterli olsa da, etkili bir patlama yaratmak i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. N\u00fckleer santrallerde, reakt\u00f6rde bulunan ara\u00e7larla bu zenginle\u015ftirmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. D\u00fcnyadaki en zengin yak\u0131tla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn yak\u0131t zenginli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca %5dir. N\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerde onlarca g\u00fcvenlik sistemi vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin kontrol \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 reakt\u00f6rde, yak\u0131t \u00e7ubuklar\u0131ndaki fisyonu durdurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ekirdekteki tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kontrols\u00fczce artmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in reakt\u00f6rler \u2018 pasif g\u00fcvenlik\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen sistem ile birlikte tasarlan\u0131r. Bu sistem, reakt\u00f6r \u00e7ekirde\u011finin \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a tepkimenin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flat\u0131r. Reakt\u00f6rlerde kal\u0131n d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirdekler ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcvenlik sistemine \u00f6rnektir. Ana d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekirdek 15 cm kal\u0131n metal \u00fczerine sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f betondan yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kincil \u00e7ekirdek ise bu ana \u00e7ekirde\u011fi kaplayacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ana \u00e7ekirde\u011fin i\u00e7erisindeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 y\u00fcksek olsa da ikincil \u00e7ekirdekteki bas\u0131n\u00e7 atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan az olacak \u015fekilde in\u015fa edilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ana \u00e7ekirdekte ve ikincil \u00e7ekirdekte bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olsa bile, binan\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7tan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hava sadece i\u00e7eri s\u0131zar, d\u0131\u015far\u0131 s\u0131zamaz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2018 D\u00fcnya N\u00fckleer Enerji Performans Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re,k\u00fcresel n\u00fckleer elektrik \u00fcretimi 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla 29 TWy\u2019a artm\u0131\u015f olup 2506 TWy seviyelerine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2017 sonunda, 488 i\u015fletilebilir reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn k\u00fcresel n\u00fckleer kapasitesi 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda 2 GWe art\u0131\u015fla 392 GWe seviyelerinde yer ald\u0131. 2017 sonunda in\u015faat halindeki reakt\u00f6r say\u0131s\u0131 59 oldu. Raporda, \u015fu anda d\u00fcnyada n\u00fckleer enerjinin 30 \u00fclke taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve pastadaki pay\u0131n\u0131n %11 oldu\u011fu ifadesi yer al\u0131yor. Elektrik \u00fcretim pay\u0131n\u0131n 2050\u2019ye kadar %25\u2019inin n\u00fckleer enerjiden tedarik edilece\u011fini \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu konuda daha detayl\u0131 bilgiye ula\u015fmak isteyenler http:\/\/www.world-nuclear.org\/<\/a> adresini ziyaret edebilirler.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle, kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerimiz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, ABD, Fransa, Rusya, \u00c7in, Japonya gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler n\u00fckleer enerji teknolojisinden uzun bir s\u00fcredir faydalan\u0131yor. Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki n\u00fckleer enerji d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ve soludu\u011fumuz havay\u0131 kirletmeyen yap\u0131s\u0131yla beraber yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n da tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00fckleer g\u00fcvenlik konusunda bu kadar korkmam\u0131z\u0131n sebebi n\u00fckleer santrallerin ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yaln\u0131zca olumsuz geli\u015fmelerle g\u00fcndeme yans\u0131mas\u0131ndankaynaklan\u0131yor. \u00c7ernobil\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kaza n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rde olabilecek en k\u00f6t\u00fc kaza olarak belirtiliyor. G\u00fcvenlik konusunda bahsetti\u011fimiz sistemlerin hi\u00e7biri \u00c7ernobil\u2019de yoktu. 21.yy\u2019da teknolojinin geldi\u011fi noktaya bakarsak, n\u00fckleer santrallere g\u00fcvenimizin artmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 n\u00fckleer santrallerden daha ziyade ABD ordusuna \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Boston Dynmics firmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi robotlara bak\u0131nca gelece\u011fimiz i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok endi\u015feleniyorum, \u00fcrperiyorum\u2026<\/p>\n

\u00d6zge EFE \u2013 Enerji Sistemleri M\u00fchendisi \u2013\u00a0a.ozgeefe@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.world-nuclear.org\/<\/a>http:\/\/www.taek.gov.tr\/tr\/<\/a>https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/outlooks\/ieo\/<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/sahipkiran.org\/2016\/01\/13\/toryum\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Ba\u011fdatl\u0131o\u011flu, C. (2011). N\u00fckleer Enerji ve Japonya\u2019daki Son Durum. T\u00fcbitak Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi<\/p>\n

Ako\u011flu, A. (2011). N\u00fckleer Santraller ve G\u00fcvenlik. T\u00fcbitak Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi<\/p>\n

Ar\u0131k, M., Sultansoy, S., \u00c7etiner, M., \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan, A., Bilgin, P.(2012). Ye\u015fil N\u00fckleer Enerji. T\u00fcbitak Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Dillere pelesenk olmu\u015f \u00fclkelerin geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyi\u00a0kavram\u0131 sizin i\u00e7in ne ifade ediyor? Ekonomi, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, savunma, ula\u015f\u0131m vb. alanlarda s\u00f6z sahibi, muas\u0131r bir medeniyet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":78663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,43],"tags":[67,1009,1133,16460,23134,1134,15897,25480,34930,39253],"views":2313,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78661"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78661"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":78664,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78661\/revisions\/78664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}