{"id":7747,"date":"2013-03-05T10:38:25","date_gmt":"2013-03-05T07:38:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=7747"},"modified":"2013-03-05T10:46:13","modified_gmt":"2013-03-05T07:46:13","slug":"almanyanin-enerji-ronesansi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/almanyanin-enerji-ronesansi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Almanya\u2019n\u0131n Enerji R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

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Almanya, gelecek nesillere ucuz ve temiz enerji kaynaklar\u0131 b\u0131rakacak tarih\u00ee bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme imza at\u0131yor. \u00dclkedeki n\u00fckleer santraller kapat\u0131l\u0131rken elektri\u011fin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i yenilenebilir kaynaklardan \u00fcretilecek.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Almanya\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015f caddeleri ve g\u00f6rkemli binalar\u0131yla me\u015fhur ba\u015fkenti Berlin\u2019de bisiklet kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n. Kald\u0131r\u0131mlarda bisiklet park alanlar\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. \u015eehrin \u00f6nemli no\"\"ktalar\u0131nda ve \u00f6zellikle ula\u015f\u0131m terminallerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ucuza bisiklet kiralamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u2018Bisiklete binemem\u2019 diyenler de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck smart otomobil kiralayabiliyor. \u00d6deme kredi kart\u0131 ile de yap\u0131labiliyor. Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan uygulamada ama\u00e7 ferd\u00ee otomobil kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek.<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019da 4 g\u00fcn boyunca \u015fahit oldu\u011fumuz bu ve bunun gibi uygulamalar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc plan\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Alman Ye\u015filler Partisi\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Heinrich B\u00f6ll Stiftung Derne\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Temsilcili\u011fi \u2018energiewende\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yerinde anlatmak i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den bir grup gazetecinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gezi d\u00fczenledi. Ziyaretimiz \u015eans\u00f6lye Angela Merkel\u2019in, Ba\u015fbakan Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n misafiri olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmesinden birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u00dc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi partinin temsilcilerine; \u00e7evre, ekonomi ve d\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkililerine; ayr\u0131ca ilgili sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131na tarih\u00ee d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc sorma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulduk.<\/p>\n

\"\"Almanya, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle elektri\u011finin y\u00fczde 25\u2019ini r\u00fczg\u00e2r, g\u00fcne\u015f, biyok\u00fctle gibi yenilenebilir enerjilerden sa\u011flar h\u00e2le geldi. 1994\u2019te bu oran y\u00fczde 4\u2019m\u00fc\u015f. Temiz enerjiye iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapan \u00fclkede 2022\u2019ye kadar t\u00fcm n\u00fckleer santraller kapat\u0131lacak. Kademeli olarak enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yenilenebilir kaynaklardan sa\u011flanacak. Enerji tasarruf edilip daha verimli kullan\u0131lacak. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden, 10 sene i\u00e7inde elektrik \u00fcretimini \u00fc\u00e7 kat art\u0131rmay\u0131 planlayan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak dersler var. Gelecek nesillere daha uygun maliyetle enerji kaynaklar\u0131 b\u0131rakmak icap gediyor ne de olsa\u2026<\/p>\n

Sanayile\u015fmi\u015f bir \u00fclkede, n\u00fckleer santrallerden<\/strong> elektrik \u00fcretimini terk etme noktas\u0131na<\/strong> uzun seneler sonunda gelinmi\u015f. Almanya\u2019da ilk n\u00fckleer santral 1968\u2019de faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Sonraki senelerde 16 adet daha yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. 1970\u2019lerin sonunda ise n\u00fckleer yak\u0131t at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n depolanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yer aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Se\u00e7ilen yerlerde halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck tepkisi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tepkiler bu \u00fclkedeki \u00e7evre hareketinin de ivme kazanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f. 1980\u2019de kurulan Ye\u015filler Partisi, 3 sene sonra Federal Parlamento\u2019da temsil edilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Partinin ana kurulu\u015f amac\u0131 n\u00fckleer santrallerin yasaklanmas\u0131 olmu\u015f. 1986\u2019da Ukrayna\u2019daki \u00c7ernobil n\u00fckleer kazas\u0131 Almanya\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devrin Sanayi Bakan\u0131 Cahit Aral, Karadeniz\u2019de \u00e7ay i\u00e7erken; Almanya\u2019da bu kazadan 6 hafta sonra \u00c7evre, Do\u011fa ve Reakt\u00f6r G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmu\u015f. Milenyumda ise bu \u00fclkede enerji tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yine \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme olmu\u015f. Gerhard Schr\u00f6der\u2019in ba\u015fbakan oldu\u011fu Ye\u015filler ile Sosyal Demokrat Parti (SPD) koalisyonu s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 2022\u2019de \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm n\u00fckleer santrallerin kapat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f. 2005\u2019teyse iktidara H\u0131ristiyan Demokrat Parti (CDU) geldi. Bu partinin lideri Merkel, 2009\u2019da Ye\u015filler\u2019in bask\u0131s\u0131yla t\u00fcm n\u00fckleer santralleri 2022\u2019ye kadar kapataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ancak bir sene sonra bu hedefi 12 sene erteleme karar\u0131 verdi. Japonya\u2019da 2011\u2019de meydana gelen Fuku\u015fima n\u00fckleer kazas\u0131 Almanya\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck tesir olu\u015fturdu. Mevcut 17 n\u00fckleer santralden 8\u2019i kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Kalanlar ise kademeli olarak 9 sene i\u00e7inde devreden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

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Almanya \u00f6rne\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilirken n\u00fckleer santrallerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak laz\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc elektrik enerjisi, toplam enerji b\u00fct\u00e7esinin \u00fc\u00e7te birlik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Pastan\u0131n kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 ise ula\u015f\u0131m ve \u0131s\u0131nmada. \u2018Enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019 kavram\u0131 enerjinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131<\/strong> ve verimli kullanma tedbirlerini<\/strong> kaps\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Alman Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130klim B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden Karsten Neuhoff, enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde verimlili\u011fin \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Mevcut binalarda metrekare ba\u015f\u0131na saatte 250 kilovat enerji t\u00fcketildi\u011fini dile getiren Neuhoff, yeni binalarda bu rakam\u0131n 85 kilovata d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini kaydediyor. \u015eu anda 30 kilovata d\u00fc\u015fen binalar bile varm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Almanya\u2019da t\u00fcketilen enerjinin \u00fc\u00e7te biri binalar\u0131n iklimlendirilmesi i\u00e7in harcan\u0131yor. Binalar haz\u0131rlanan plana g\u00f6re 2050\u2019ye kadar y\u00fczde 85 enerji tasarruflu olacak. Almanya\u2019da binalarda yal\u0131t\u0131m ve di\u011fer tedbirleri alan ki\u015filere devletin kontrol\u00fcndeki yat\u0131r\u0131m bankas\u0131 15 bin avroya kadar hibe veriyor. \u0130\u015f bittikten sonra enerji verimlili\u011fi oran\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu oran\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fine g\u00f6re 5 ila 15 bin avro aras\u0131nda destek sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Neuhoff, enerji verimlili\u011fi tedbirleri ve yenilenebilir enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn her 1 milyon avro yat\u0131r\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 17 ki\u015fiye i\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130nanmak, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bu noktaya ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131nda 30 seneyi a\u015fk\u0131n i\u00e7timai ve politik bir m\u00fccadele yat\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclkedeki ye\u015fil hareketin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini en iyi anlatabilecek ki\u015fi hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz ye\u015fil aktivistlerden biri olan Dr. Herman Ott. 1970\u2019lerin sonundan itibaren Almanya\u2019da \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7evre eylemine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonraki senelerde Almanya\u2019da \u00e7evre koruma i\u00e7in maden ve n\u00fckleer santrallere kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Bug\u00fcn, Ye\u015filler Partisi\u2019nin \u00e7evre ve iklim politikalar\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Ott, enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda Alman kamuoyunu ikna eden hareketin temelleri hakk\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 tespitlerde bulunuyor. Ott\u2019a g\u00f6re enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc zorlayan ku\u015fak, nasyonal sosyalist ebeveynlerini sorgulayan 1968 senesinin gen\u00e7li\u011fi. Almanya\u2019daki n\u00fckleere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00e7\u0131kar g\u00f6zetmeden m\u00fccadele eden insanlardan kaynaklan\u0131yor: \u201c1970\u2019te atom enerjisinin \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grup d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme inanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ama\u00e7la harekete ge\u00e7ti. K\u0131rlara gidip r\u00fczg\u00e2r tesisleri kurdu. Paralar\u0131n\u0131 ceplerinden verdiler. Seneler boyunca kitlesel g\u00f6steriler yapt\u0131lar.\u201d Ott, bu s\u00fcreci g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kesimine ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, inanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 3\u2019l\u00fck kesiminin yetece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019da ye\u015fil politikalardan yana olan sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131 bu hedefin devlet politikas\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece eylemlerle yetinmemi\u015f. Konuyla ilgili geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm teklifleri haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f. Heinrich B\u00f6ll Stiftung Derne\u011fi Ekoloji ve S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Lili Fuhr, d\u00fcnyada engellenemeyen iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin sosyal ve ekonomik bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm krizi oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Fuhr, derne\u011fin farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki 30 ofisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu konuda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri getirdiklerini; bug\u00fcnlerde farkl\u0131 bir toplum ve ekonomi modeli \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Federal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olarak faaliyet g\u00f6steren K\u00fcresel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Bilimsel Dan\u0131\u015fma Konseyi \u0130klim ve Enerji Uzman\u0131 Dr. Astrid Schultz da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konseyin h\u00fck\u00fcmet\u00e7e se\u00e7ildi\u011fini ve belirli d\u00f6nemlerle \u00fcyelerinin de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fini ifade ediyor. Schultz, bug\u00fcnlerde yoksulluk, \u00e7evre, iklim, g\u00fcvenlik, enerji sistemlerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve denizlerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili raporlar\u0131n haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Schultz, Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmetine verdikleri raporda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin h\u0131zlanarak yok oldu\u011fu ve azot devir daiminde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor. Schultz\u2019un verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyadaki \u0131s\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 2050\u2019ye kadar 2 dereceyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 hedefinden \u015fu anda insanl\u0131k uzak. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci gerekiyor. Schultz burada ilgin\u00e7 bir detay\u0131n \u00fczerini \u00e7iziyor. Yenilenebilir enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, kaynak k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyecek. D\u00fcnyada yeterince fosil yak\u0131t var. Sadece d\u00fcnyadaki bug\u00fcnk\u00fc petrol t\u00fcketimiyle 2 derecelik \u0131s\u0131nma e\u015fi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. De\u011fi\u015fim, d\u00fcnya iklimini korumak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Do\u011fal Hayat\u0131 Koruma Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (WWF) Almanya \u015fubesi de \u2018Model Almanya\u2019 ad\u0131nda bir rapor haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f. Rapor, iklimin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Almanya\u2019da sera gaz\u0131 emisyonunun y\u00fczde 95 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Yap\u0131lacak i\u015flerle politik hedefleri alt alta getiren geni\u015f tablolara yer veren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan bir\u00e7ok bakanl\u0131k kaynak eser olarak faydalan\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131nda bilgi veren WWF \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve Koruma B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Uzman\u0131 Thomas Duveau, enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi oldu\u011funu belirterek do\u011fal olarak bunun siyasete yans\u0131malar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydediyor. Duveau\u2019ya g\u00f6re Almanya\u2019daki 4 b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji tedarik\u00e7isi firman\u0131n yenilenebilir enerjideki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 10\u2019un alt\u0131nda. Bu tesislerin yar\u0131s\u0131 birey olarak vatanda\u015flarca kuruldu.<\/p>\n

\u2018Ye\u015fil g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler\u2019 b\u00f6yle\u2026 Peki, iktidardaki muhafazak\u00e2r H\u0131ristiyan Demokrat Parti (CDU) bu konuda ne diyor? CDU, grup olarak n\u00fckleer santrallerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015f ama partideki \u015fahin isimler bunun bir yan\u0131lg\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade ediyor. CDU Enerji Politikalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc Joachim Pfeiffer, 20 senedir ilk defa enerji hedefleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesine oturduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederek iddial\u0131 bir kanun \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaydediyor. Bu konunun avantaj ve dezavantajlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu kaydeden Pfeiffer, konunun sadece n\u00fckleer santrallerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na indirgenmesinden \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i. Pfeiffer\u2019e g\u00f6re yenilenebilir enerjiler hen\u00fcz di\u011fer enerji t\u00fcrleri ile rekabet edebilecek fiyatta de\u011fil. \u00dcstelik enerji \u00fcretiminde s\u00fcreklilikleri yok.<\/p>\n

Bir sanayi \u00fclkesi i\u00e7in pahal\u0131 bir tercih. Almanya\u2019n\u0131n rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nemsedi\u011fini belirten H\u0131ristiyan Demokrat politikac\u0131, Ye\u015filler\u2019in ger\u00e7e\u011fi bilmelerine ra\u011fmen masraf art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sanayiyi sorumlu tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. N\u00fckleer santrallerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na \u2018hay\u0131r\u2019 oyu verdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Pfeiffer, karar\u0131n rasyonellikten uzak ve duygusal oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Ancak Pfeiffer, n\u00fckleer santrallerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda sava\u015f\u0131n bitti\u011fini ve nokta konuldu\u011funu belirterek art\u0131k gelece\u011fe bakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurguluyor.<\/p>\n

Sosyal Demokrat Parti (SPD) ise enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve n\u00fckleer santrallerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor. Partinin \u0130klim \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Heidemaria Apel, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmak, \u015febekeyi geni\u015fletmek, yeni bir elektrik piyasas\u0131 tasarlamak gibi d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6revi tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yerine getirmeyi ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. SPD, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle uzun vadede Almanya\u2019n\u0131n uygun maliyeti olan enerjiye kavu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. Apel ayr\u0131ca yenilenebilir enerji teknolojileri konusunda lider olan Alman \u015firketlerinin ihracatla para kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Politikac\u0131lar tart\u0131\u015fsalar da demokratik bir \u00fclkede olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi halk\u0131n iste\u011fi do\u011frusunda enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne karar verdiler. Bundan sonra kanunlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131n icraatlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131. Almanya\u2019da bu konuya farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan yakla\u015fmas\u0131 beklenen \u00c7evre, Ekonomi ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileriyle de g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. \u00c7evre Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Enerji Politikalar\u0131 Daire Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Franszjosef Schafhuusen, enerji alan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmet ortaklar\u0131nca 2010\u2019da kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan konseptin, n\u00fckleer santrallerin hizmet s\u00fcresinin 12 y\u0131l uzat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bu siyasi karar \u00fczerine Alman b\u00fcrokrasisi kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle yeni bir enerji plan\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015f. Siyaset\u00e7ilerin 4 yasama d\u00f6nemi g\u00f6revi varken uzun vadeli bir enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc vadetmelerinin anlams\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Schafhuusen, bu sebeple, haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 plana ara hedefler koyduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Schafhussen\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgilere g\u00f6re, Almanya t\u0131pk\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye gibi enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir \u00fclke. Bu ithalat\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefleniyor. B\u00f6ylece enerji tedarikinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi de art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak. Para \u00fclkede kalacak. Almanya\u2019da yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lacak. Yeni istihdam a\u00e7\u0131lacak. Schafhussen, milletleraras\u0131 teknolojinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde olma gibi bir form\u00fclleri oldu\u011funu belirterek gelecek nesilleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini kaydediyor. Bakanl\u0131k olarak iklimi korumak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler katalo\u011fu da olu\u015fturulmu\u015f. Sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lacaklar\u0131 belirleyen 180\u2019den \u00e7ok program haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f. Pencereden vanaya kadar hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturulmu\u015f. Almanya \u00c7evre Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018Acaba biz ne yapt\u0131k?\u2019 sorusuna cevap bulmak i\u00e7in de her y\u0131l iki rapor yay\u0131ml\u0131yor. Biri h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Di\u011fer rapor ise h\u00fck\u00fcmetle ayn\u0131 zamanda sunulan ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak g\u00f6revlendirilen uzman 4 profes\u00f6r\u00fcn ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fturuluyor. Bu rapor, h\u00fck\u00fcmete hedefe ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir fikir veriyor, \u00f6nerilerde bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019da yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n enerji k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 tezini savunanlar\u0131 haks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kartan geli\u015fmeler de olmu\u015f. So\u011fuk havalar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Rusya\u2019dan do\u011falgaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kesintiler ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 2009 ve 2010 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Fransa, Polonya ve \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti gibi \u00fclkelerin enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Almanya kapatm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc konusunda bir de madalyonun tersini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yolunu tuttuk. Bizi Enerji Politikas\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden iki uzman kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin \u2018off the record\u2019 oldu\u011fu ifade edildi. Bakanl\u0131k enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor. Bunun i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok say\u0131da senaryo rapor haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f. Yenilenebilir enerjilerin ithalattan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmay\u0131 getirece\u011fi vurgulan\u0131yor. Almanya\u2019da ekonomi b\u00fcy\u00fcrken elektrik t\u00fcketiminin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirtilerek bunun enerji verimlili\u011fi tedbirlerinin amac\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6stergesi oldu\u011fu ifade ediliyor. Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na uygun iletim hatlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yap\u0131lmazsa enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 bir manada topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olacak. Ekonomi b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yenilenebilir enerjilerde maliyetler her ge\u00e7en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Almanya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ise h\u00e2kim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yenilenebilir enerjilerin h\u0131zla geli\u015fmesiyle 2063\u2019te petrol ve do\u011falgaz satan \u00fclkelerin \u00f6nemini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yitirece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde. Bakanl\u0131kta, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri gibi memleketlerin bu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyle ticaret, finans ve turizm gibi alanlara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verdikleri belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Mersin\u2019de kurulmak \u00fczere Rusya\u2019ya ihale etti\u011fi n\u00fckleer santrale Almanya\u2019da temkinli yakla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Alman politikac\u0131 ve b\u00fcrokratlar bir \u00fclkenin enerji \u00fcretece\u011fi kaynaklar\u0131 se\u00e7mesinin kendi mill\u00ee egemenli\u011finde oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a vurguluyor. Ancak bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini diplomatik bir nezaketle anlat\u0131yorlar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu giri\u015fimiyle ilgili olarak, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bu teknolojiyi \u00fcretmesine ra\u011fmen n\u00fckleer santrallerden ku\u015fku duydu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131yorlar. N\u00fckleer patlama ve at\u0131k konusunda d\u00fcnya y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki mevcut n\u00fckleer teknolojide tam olarak g\u00fcvenli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulan\u0131yor. Finlandiya\u2019da yap\u0131lan n\u00fckleer santrale beklenenden 4 kat fazla para harcanmas\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor. Fransa ile \u0130talya aras\u0131ndaki n\u00fckleer i\u015fbirli\u011finin bozulmas\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 istenen di\u011fer bir s\u0131cak geli\u015fme.<\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir enerji daha ucuz<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakan\u0131 Taner Y\u0131ld\u0131z ve enerji b\u00fcrokrasisi, bir \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 100 yenilenebilir kaynaklardan kar\u015f\u0131lanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Almanya\u2019daki kanaat ise tam aksi y\u00f6nde. Reiner Lemoine Institut y\u00f6neticisi Dr. Chiristian Breyer, bir enerji m\u00fchendisi. Y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu enstit\u00fc ise profesyonel olarak enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k hizmeti veriyor. Breyer, takvimler 2050\u2019yi g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde enerjinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019inin yenilenebilir kaynaklardan temin edilmemesi h\u00e2linde uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu maliyeti kald\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

Almanya\u2019da en iyi yenilenebilir enerji kombinasyonlar\u0131nda maliyetin 9 sente d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten Dr. Breyer, bug\u00fcn rakam\u0131n do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcrden ucuz h\u00e2le geldi\u011fini ifade ediyor. Breyer\u2019e g\u00f6re g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin maliyeti her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l y\u00fczde 5 ila 10 aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fecek. Almanya\u2019da 400 bin ki\u015finin yenilenebilir enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde do\u011frudan istihdam edildi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatan Breyer, 1990\u2019dan beri yenilenebilir enerjiye 50 milyar avro harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, oysa k\u00f6m\u00fcre yap\u0131lan deste\u011fin \u00e7ok daha fazla oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. Dr. Breyer\u2019in en \u00f6nemli tespiti, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n 2030\u2019dan sonra Almanya\u2019ya masraf de\u011fil, tam aksine tasarruf sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131.\u00a0 Breyer, bir \u00fclkenin enerjisini tamamen yenilenebilir kaynaklardan sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 modellerle ispatlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Aksiyon<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Almanya, gelecek nesillere ucuz ve temiz enerji kaynaklar\u0131 b\u0131rakacak tarih\u00ee bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme imza at\u0131yor. \u00dclkedeki n\u00fckleer santraller kapat\u0131l\u0131rken elektri\u011fin y\u00fczde 80\u2019i yenilenebilir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,49,43,50],"tags":[929,1678,19,1564,67,103,13,21,16,793,508],"views":784,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7747"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7747"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7752,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7747\/revisions\/7752"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}