{"id":74245,"date":"2018-05-13T12:48:14","date_gmt":"2018-05-13T09:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=74245"},"modified":"2018-05-13T12:48:14","modified_gmt":"2018-05-13T09:48:14","slug":"offshore-ruzgar-santrallerinin-enerji-gorunumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/offshore-ruzgar-santrallerinin-enerji-gorunumu\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Offshore R\u00fczgar Santrallerinin Enerji G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Deniz \u00fcst\u00fcnde (offshore) \u00fcretilen enerji, k\u00fcresel petrol ve do\u011falgaz arz\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131 olmakla beraber yenilenebilir enerji kaynakl\u0131 \u00fcretimde de giderek daha \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayabilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar fazla olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen offshore projeler, okyanuslara uygulanan bask\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fen piyasalarda ve politika yap\u0131s\u0131nda kendi de\u011ferini ispatlamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"offshore-ruzgar-santrallerinin-enerji-gorunumu\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, \u00fcretilen toplam petrol ve gaz\u0131n \u00e7eyre\u011finden fazlas\u0131 offshoreda \u00fcretilmektedir. Bu \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Orta Do\u011fu, Kuzey Denizi, Brezilya, Meksika K\u00f6rfezi ve Hazar Denizi\u2019nde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Offshore petrol \u00fcretimi 2000\u2019lerden beri dura\u011fan seyretmesine ra\u011fmen, offshore do\u011falgaz \u00fcretimi ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde %50 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar kaynakl\u0131 offshore elektrik \u00fcretimi son y\u0131llarda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu art\u0131\u015f daha ziyade Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey Denizi\u2019nin s\u0131\u011f sular\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Meksika K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde ya\u015fanan Deepwater Horizon kazas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan petrol s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, offshore hidrokarbon end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir yenilgi olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca, kaya gaz\u0131 devrimi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyat ortam\u0131 ve uzun vadeli talepteki belirsizlikler bu sekt\u00f6rde sars\u0131nt\u0131ya yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Offshore r\u00fczgar giderek artsa da hen\u00fcz toplam elektrik \u00fcretiminin %0,2\u2019sini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Offshore r\u00fczgar, onshore ve di\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu se\u00e7eneklerin y\u00fcksek rekabetiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

OFFSHORE PETROL VE GAZ PROJELER\u0130 D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcK F\u0130YATLI D\u00dcNYA \u0130\u00c7\u0130N YEN\u0130DEN TASARLANIYOR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Offshore petrol ve gaz \u015firketleri kaya gaz\u0131 devrimiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatl\u0131 ortamda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirliklerini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmaya devam ediyor. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sayesinde, offshore petrol ve gaz projelerinin maliyetleri son y\u0131llarda keskin bir \u015fekilde azald\u0131.<\/strong>\u00a0 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n dibi g\u00f6rmesinden sonra, derin su projeleri genellikle ertelenen ya da iptal edilen ilk projeler oldu. Bu projelerin yerini kaya gaz\u0131 ve petrol yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren k\u0131sa vadeli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ald\u0131. Ancak yeni d\u00f6nemde, offshore projelerinden sadece en iyi olanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde oyuna girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Zaman\u0131nda, Meksika K\u00f6rfezi ve Norve\u00e7 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki projelerin maliyetini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 i\u00e7in petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck 60-80 $\/v olmas\u0131 gerekirken, \u015fu anda 25-40 $\/v seviyelerine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Art\u0131k tasar\u0131mlar basitle\u015ftiriliyor, standardize ediliyor ve baz\u0131 durumlarda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ayr\u0131ca, offshore hizmetlerinde ve te\u00e7hizatlar\u0131nda rekabetin artmas\u0131 maliyetlere a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc bask\u0131 uyguluyor. Offshore operasyonlarda maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve verimlili\u011fi artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in dijitalle\u015fmeye \u00f6nem veriliyor.<\/p>\n

Do\u011falgaz talebinin 2040\u2019a kadar %50 artaca\u011f\u0131 ve petrol t\u00fcketiminin de artmaya devam edece\u011fi d\u00fcnyada, offshore hidrokarbon kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc koruyaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u201cYeni Politikalar Senaryosu\u201dna g\u00f6re, s\u0131\u011f sularda bulunan olgun havzalarda yap\u0131lan petrol \u00fcretiminin d\u00fc\u015fmesi; bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn de derin sularda yap\u0131lan \u00fcretim ile dengelenmesi bekleniyor. Petrol aramalar\u0131 yak\u0131n zamanda azalm\u0131\u015f olsa da son 10 y\u0131lda ke\u015ffedilen petrol ve do\u011falgaz rezervlerinin yar\u0131s\u0131 derin sularda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Derinsu \u00fcretiminde Brezilya lider konumda bulunuyor, Meksika\u2019da ise 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri yap\u0131lan ihaleler sayesinde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zleniyor. ABD, Guyana ve Suriname gibi yeni oyuncularda da benzer art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6zleniyor.<\/p>\n

2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fcretilecek olan 700 bcm gaz\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 derin sularda, kalan yar\u0131s\u0131 ise s\u0131\u011f sularda \u00fcretilecek. B\u00f6ylece, offshore \u00fcretimi 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam gaz \u00fcretiminin %30\u2019unu kar\u015f\u0131layacak. Brezilya\u2019dan Avusturalya ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e kadar bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lge bu art\u0131\u015fa katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacak olsa da, as\u0131l art\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck gaz sahas\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan (\u0130ran\u2019da bulunan G\u00fcney Pars Sahas\u0131 ve Katar\u2019da bulunan Kuzey Sahas\u0131) ve Tanzanya ve Mozambik\u2019te ke\u015ffedilen devasa gaz sahalar\u0131n\u0131 bulunduran Afrika\u2019dan gelecek. \u201cS\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Geli\u015fim Senaryosu\u201dna g\u00f6re, offshore gaz alan\u0131nda geli\u015fmeler sabit kal\u0131rken, petrol talebinin d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle sermaye-yo\u011fun offshore petrol projeleri i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131mlar tersine d\u00f6necek.<\/p>\n

OFFSHORE R\u00dcZGAR: SEKT\u00d6R\u00dcN YEN\u0130 \u00c7OCU\u011eU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Politika deste\u011fi, teknolojik geli\u015fmeler ve tedarik zincirinin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131yla offshore r\u00fczgar, yenilenebilir kaynakl\u0131 \u00fcretim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan giderek daha uygulanabilir bir se\u00e7enek olacak.\u00a0<\/strong>Bu geli\u015fmeler sayesinde, k\u0131y\u0131lardaki s\u00fcrekli ve y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar kullan\u0131larak daha fazla\u00a0elektrik \u00fcretilebilecek. Son zamanlarda offshore r\u00fczgar yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 giderek artt\u0131. Karadaki r\u00fczgar santrallerine g\u00f6re boyutu ve y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ile ilgili daha az k\u0131s\u0131tlama bulunan offshore r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinleri devasa boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131. Ticari olarak kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcrbinlerin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 2010\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda 100 metrenin (3 MW\u2019l\u0131k kapasite) biraz \u00fczerinde iken, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda 200 metreye (8 MW) ula\u015ft\u0131. 260 metreye ula\u015fan 12 MW\u2019l\u0131k t\u00fcrbinler de geli\u015ftirilme a\u015famas\u0131nda.\"\"<\/p>\n

Kurulumlar\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerden uzakla\u015fmas\u0131yla daha kaliteli r\u00fczgar kaynaklar\u0131 ve kapasite\u00a0fakt\u00f6rlerine ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bu geli\u015fmeler offshore elektri\u011fin \u015febekeye entegrasyonunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130lk y\u00fczen r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbin projeleri de, offshore petrol ve do\u011falgazda kullan\u0131lan konseptlerden faydalanarak, operasyonel hale geliyor. Y\u00fczer teknolojinin maliyet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan rekabet\u00e7i\u00a0hale gelmesi ile offshore elektrik i\u00e7in ekonomik kaynaklar bir hayli geni\u015fleyecek.<\/p>\n

ENERJ\u0130 VE OKYANUS EKONOM\u0130S\u0130 \u00dcZER\u0130NE ENTEGRE D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCE YAPISI GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130RMEK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Offshore r\u00fczgar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, offshore hidrokarbon sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ile sinerji yarat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu sekt\u00f6rlerin entegrasyonu maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir, \u00e7evresel performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve altyap\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 verimli hale getirebilir. Bu anlamda, offshore enerji sekt\u00f6rleri 3 ana alanda kesi\u015fiyor;<\/p>\n

1- Zorlu deniz \u015fartlar\u0131nda offshore projeler in\u015fa etmek ve bak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in\u00a0benzer yetkinlikler<\/strong>\u00a0gerekiyor. Hesaplamalara g\u00f6re, bir offshore r\u00fczgar projesinin toplam maliyetinin \u00fc\u00e7te biri petrol ve gaz tedarik zinciri ile \u00f6nemli ortak noktalar g\u00f6sterebiliyor.<\/p>\n

2- Yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda offshore r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbini bulunan ya da y\u00fczer santral getirilebilecek olan\u00a0offshore petrol ve gaz sahalar\u0131nda, operasyonlar\u0131n elektrikle\u015ftirilmesi<\/strong>\u00a0ve dizel ya da gaz ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan jenerat\u00f6rlerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle karbon emisyonlar\u0131 azalt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

3- Operasyon \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlayan\u00a0offshore altyap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. \u00d6mr\u00fc tamamlanm\u0131\u015f offshore platformlar\u0131; r\u00fczgar sahalar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve elektri\u011fi hidrojen ya da amonya\u011fa \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in tesis olarak ya da t\u00fckenen sahalara CO2<\/sub>\u00a0depolamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rece olarak daha olgun petrol ve gaz havzalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yenilenebilir elektrik end\u00fcstrisinde y\u00fckselen Kuzey Denizinde, sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda kesi\u015fen noktalar g\u00f6zlemleniyor. Baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol ve gaz \u015firketleri offshore r\u00fczgar alan\u0131nda ana oyuncular oluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Danimarkal\u0131 Orsted tamamen r\u00fczgar ve di\u011fer yenilenebilir kaynaklara y\u00f6neldi. Enerji profili de\u011fi\u015ftik\u00e7e bu b\u00f6lge di\u011fer i\u015f birli\u011fi alanlar\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in adeta bir laboratuvar olarak kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ancak, potansiyel sinerji konular\u0131 sadece Avrupa ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunmuyor. Entegre d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemi enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7erek ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k, liman altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve di\u011fer denizcilik end\u00fcstrilerine de uzan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:\u00a0\u201cOffshore Energy Outlook, 2018\u201d<\/a>, IEA<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Deniz \u00fcst\u00fcnde (offshore) \u00fcretilen enerji, k\u00fcresel petrol ve do\u011falgaz arz\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131 olmakla beraber yenilenebilir enerji kaynakl\u0131 \u00fcretimde de giderek daha \u00f6nemli […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":72319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46,53,44,50],"tags":[67,1009,37659,37658,31191,474,24949,231,34960],"views":874,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74245"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=74245"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":74246,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74245\/revisions\/74246"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=74245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=74245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}