{"id":71617,"date":"2018-02-14T12:13:44","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T09:13:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=71617"},"modified":"2018-02-14T12:13:44","modified_gmt":"2018-02-14T09:13:44","slug":"derinlesen-karbon-kilitlenmesinden-kurtulmak-icin-onemli-firsatlar-mevcut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/derinlesen-karbon-kilitlenmesinden-kurtulmak-icin-onemli-firsatlar-mevcut\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Derinle\u015fen Karbon Kilitlenmesinden Kurtulmak \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6nemli F\u0131rsatlar Mevcut"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

\u0130stanbul Politikalar Merkezi \u0130klim \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc ve K\u0131demli Uzman\u0131 \u00dcmit \u015eahin, “T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Karbon Kilitlenmesi: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Karbona Ge\u00e7i\u015fte Almanya ve Polonya ile Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Bir Perspektif” raporunu kamuoyu ile payla\u015ft\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin h\u0131zla derinle\u015fen karbon kilitlenmesinden kurtulmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli f\u0131rsatlara sahip oldu\u011fu belirtilen raporda, \u201cToplam enerji t\u00fcketiminde fosil yak\u0131t ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek olsa da \u00f6zellikle elektrik \u00fcretimi ve ula\u015f\u0131m alan\u0131nda geli\u015fmekte olan bir \u00fclke olman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir\u201d denildi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesinde faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u0130stanbul Politikalar Merkezi (\u0130PM), iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi alan\u0131ndaki birikimi kuvvetlendiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, \u201ckarbon kilitlenmesi\u201d kavram\u0131yla devam \"\"ediyor. Merkezin \u0130klim \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc ve K\u0131demli Uzman\u0131 \u00dcmit \u015eahin, “T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Karbon Kilitlenmesi: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Karbona Ge\u00e7i\u015fte Almanya ve Polonya ile Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Bir Perspektif”<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporu, Karak\u00f6y\u2019deki Minerva Han\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen etkinlikte kamuoyu ile payla\u015ft\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, T\u00fcrkiye, Almanya ve Polonya\u2019n\u0131n enerji politikalar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel ge\u00e7i\u015f y\u00f6nelimi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumlar\u0131, karbon kilitlenmesi (carbon lock-in) kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinden birbirleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma \u00fczerinden, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin fosil yak\u0131tlara dayal\u0131 bir ekonomiden ve enerji sisteminden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbona ge\u00e7i\u015fi neden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremedi\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Karbon kilitlenmesi: Teknolojik veya siyasi etkenlerin getirdi\u011fi y\u00fcksek karbon sal\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131nda; karbon kilitlenmesi \u201cbir politika ataleti\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. Teknolojik, ekonomik, siyasi ya da toplumsal etkenler nedeniyle, karbon sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran ya da azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir yap\u0131 kilitlenme olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Raporun tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen toplant\u0131da konu\u015fan \u0130PM \u0130klim \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc \u00dcmit \u015eahin,<\/p>\n

\u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck bir sanayi \u00fclkesi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu enerji sistemine ge\u00e7i\u015fin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biri haline gelen Almanya\u2019n\u0131n durumuyla, enerji sistemi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u00f6m\u00fcre ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan ve bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kararl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrd\u00fcren Polonya\u2019n\u0131n durumu hem birbirleriyle hem de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ge\u00e7i\u015f dinamiklerini anlamak i\u00e7in fikir vermektedir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke fosil yak\u0131tlara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir ekonomik sisteme sahip olan, bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcren ya da azalmakta olan \u00fclkelerdir\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesini yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, politika de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon sistemine ge\u00e7ebilir <\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin h\u0131zla derinle\u015fen karbon kilitlenmesinden kurtulmak i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6nemli f\u0131rsatlara sahip oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7eken \u00dcmit \u015eahin, \u201cToplam enerji t\u00fcketiminde fosil yak\u0131t ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek olsa da \u00f6zellikle elektrik \u00fcretimi ve ula\u015f\u0131m alan\u0131nda geli\u015fmekte olan bir \u00fclke olman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir. B\u00fcy\u00fcyen elektrik \u00fcretimi alan\u0131nda yenilenebilir enerji y\u00f6n\u00fcnde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015farmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha kolayd\u0131r\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yol ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirten \u00dcmit \u015eahin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu sisteme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00f6n\u00fcnde politika de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle ula\u015f\u0131mdan ve binalardan kaynaklanan sal\u0131mlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \u015eahin, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye kirletici geli\u015fme yolunu atlayarak ekolojik s\u0131\u00e7rama yapma \u015fans\u0131na h\u00e2l\u00e2 sahiptir. B\u00f6yle bir siyasi tercih gelecekte b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden olacak karbon kilitlenmesinden kurtulmay\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Bu y\u00f6nde bir politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u015fletmelerin de at\u0131l varl\u0131klar riskinden kurtulmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir f\u0131rsat yaratacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cKarbon kilitlenmesinden nas\u0131l kurtulabiliriz?\u201d \u00f6nerilerinin de payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapor kapsam\u0131nda, \u00dcmit \u015eahin\u2019in Almanya, T\u00fcrkiye ve Polonya kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalar da \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

ALMANYA, POLONYA VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019N\u0130N ENERJ\u0130 POL\u0130T\u0130KALARI <\/strong><\/p>\n

Raporda; T\u00fcrkiye, Almanya ve Polonya\u2019n\u0131n enerji politikalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u015fu saptamalara yer verildi.:<\/p>\n

– Almanya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131, enerji sistemi ve sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fclkenin enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn (Energiewende<\/em>) uluslararas\u0131 iklim ve enerji politikalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na neden oluyor. Ayr\u0131ca, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n enerji yap\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu bir ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f ve karbon kilitlenmesinden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n uygulanabilir bir \u00f6rne\u011fini olu\u015fturuyor. \u00d6te yandan, Almanya bir\u00e7ok zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn elektrik \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmaya devam etmesi ve \u0131s\u0131nma ve ula\u015f\u0131m gibi di\u011fer alanlarda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan zorluklar, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n hedeflerini tutturmas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

– Energiewende<\/em>\u2019nin temel amac\u0131, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131 fosil yak\u0131t ve n\u00fckleer temelli bir sistemden yenilenebilir enerji ve enerji verimlili\u011fine dayal\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu bir sisteme do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmektir. Energiewende<\/em> d\u00f6rt temel \u00fczerine oturmaktad\u0131r: 2022\u2019ye kadar n\u00fckleer santralleri kapatmak, iklim de\u011fi\u015fli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele etmek, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve rekabet ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi hedefleyerek sanayi politikalar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek.<\/p>\n

– Polonya\u2019n\u0131n enerji sistemi ve elektrik \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u00f6m\u00fcre, \u00f6zellikle de yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcre ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r. Son on y\u0131ldaki y\u00fczde 2,7\u2019lik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ra\u011fmen, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr (ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve linyit) \u00fcreticisidir ve 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda 52,3 milyon ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretti. Avrupa\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczde 72\u2019sini \u00fcreten Polonya, d\u00fcnyada Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, elektrik \u00fcretiminde en \u00e7ok fosil yak\u0131t kullanan \u00fclkelerden biridir.<\/p>\n

– Ayr\u0131ca Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 (IEA) \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131ralamada elektrik \u00fcretiminde en az yenilenebilir enerji kullanan 6\u2019nc\u0131 \u00fclkedir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr, Polonya\u2019da enerji \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 79\u2019unu ve toplam birincil enerji arz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 51\u2019ini te\u015fkil ediyor. Polonya\u2019da yenilenebilir enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fiminin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemli AB politikalar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Polonya\u2019da enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn fosil yak\u0131tlardan yenilenebilir enerjiye y\u00f6nelik bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irmesine dair, 2030 ve 2050\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik orta ve uzun vadeli planlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, herhangi bir plan\u0131 bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji sistemi fosil yak\u0131tlara, \u00f6zellikle de do\u011fal gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131. Elektrik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 34’\u00fc do\u011fal gazdan, y\u00fczde 31’i k\u00f6m\u00fcrden, y\u00fczde 24’\u00fc hidrolik enerjiden, y\u00fczde 6’s\u0131 r\u00fczg\u00e2rdan, y\u00fczde 2’si jeotermal enerjiden ve y\u00fczde 3\u2019\u00fc di\u011fer kaynaklardan elde ediliyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin resmi enerji stratejisinin temelini enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 ithalat\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak olu\u015fturuyor. Ama\u00e7, elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan ithal do\u011fal gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc azaltmak, yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcrle birlikte ba\u015fta su olmak \u00fczere r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve g\u00fcne\u015f gibi yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131rmak olarak a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

– \u00d6te yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji \u00fcretiminde fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltma gibi bir politikas\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, fosil yak\u0131tlara verilen devlet deste\u011finin artarak devam etmesinden anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Son y\u0131llarda k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn elektrik \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yerli kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenmiyor. T\u00fcrkiye elektrik \u00fcretiminde yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmay\u0131 hedeflerken, yeni yenilenebilir enerji tesislerini de art\u0131rmay\u0131 ve 2023\u2019e kadar yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n (hidro dahil) pay\u0131n\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7te birde tutmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Halen elektrik \u00fcretiminde yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 32 civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yenilenebilir enerjide kapasite art\u0131\u015f\u0131 hedeflenmekle birlikte yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n \u00fcretimdeki pay\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrkiye giderek daha fazla karbon kilitlenmesi i\u00e7ine giriyor. Polonya, \u00f6teden beri karbon kilitlenmesi i\u00e7inde olan ve bu durumu derinle\u015ftiren bir \u00fclke g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc veriyor. Almanya ise karbon kilitlenmesinden \u00e7\u0131kma yoluna girmi\u015f, ancak son y\u0131llarda bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 aksam\u0131\u015f ve yava\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta baz\u0131 yorumcular Almanya\u2019n\u0131n da tekrar kilitlenmeye do\u011fru gitti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. Yine de bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda karbon kilitlenmesinden \u00e7\u0131kma \u015fans\u0131 en y\u00fcksek \u00fclke Almanya olup, Polonya\u2019n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a diren\u00e7li oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ise iki \u00fclkenin aras\u0131nda bir konumda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kilitlenmeden \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a fazla f\u0131rsata sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Buna ra\u011fmen bu \u015fans\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in yeterli \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi, hatta tam tersine sorunu derinle\u015ftirme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde politikalar izledi\u011fi g\u00f6zleniyor. T\u00fcrkiye muhtemelen bu nedenle \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha fazla karbon kilitlenmesi i\u00e7ine girecektir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.\u0130stanbul Politikalar Merkezi \u0130klim \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Koordinat\u00f6r\u00fc ve K\u0131demli Uzman\u0131 \u00dcmit \u015eahin, “T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Karbon Kilitlenmesi: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Karbona Ge\u00e7i\u015fte Almanya ve Polonya ile Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":71618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[11058,67,1009,36833,36832,5371,846,36831],"views":522,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71617"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71617"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71617\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71619,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71617\/revisions\/71619"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71617"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71617"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71617"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}