{"id":71605,"date":"2018-02-14T11:54:15","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T08:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=71605"},"modified":"2018-02-14T11:54:15","modified_gmt":"2018-02-14T08:54:15","slug":"umman-oman-yakin-donem-enerji-persektifi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/umman-oman-yakin-donem-enerji-persektifi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Umman (Oman) Yak\u0131n D\u00f6nem Enerji Persektifi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n son haftas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 D\u00fcnya Turu\u00a0 gezilerim kapsam\u0131nda 105.inci ziyaret ett\u011fim \u00fclke olan Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Umman\u2019da ge\u00e7irdim. Bu makale de Umman\u2019\u0131n k\u0131saca \u00fclke g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinden yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki geli\u015fmelere g\u00f6z atmak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda artan bor\u00e7lar nedeniyle \u0130ngilizler\u2019den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 finansal destekler neticesinde \u0130ngiliz etkisi alt\u0131nda kalan Umman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti darbo\u011faza girmi\u015fti. 1932 senesinde hali haz\u0131rdaki Sultan\u0131n babas\u0131 olan Said bin Taimur y\u00f6netimi devralm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zenli bir \u00a0y\u00f6netim stratejisiyle \u00fclkenin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kapatarak \u0130ngiliz etkisinden \u00fclkeyi kurtarmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ne varki 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u00e7\u0131kan bir i\u00e7 ayaklanma ve 1960\u2019larda g\u00fcneydeki Dhofar b\u00f6lgesinde patlak veren bir direni\u015f sonucunda ise Sultan Said bin Taimur \u0130ngilizler\u2019e ba\u015fvurmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f, 1970\u2019lerde devam etmekte olan Dhofari Ayaklanmas\u0131, Sultan Said egemenli\u011finin o\u011flu Qaboos bin Said al-Said taraf\u0131ndan devrilmesi ile sona ermi\u015fti. Sultan Qaboos y\u00f6netime ge\u00e7ti\u011finde yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden izole halde\u00a0 ya\u015fayan Umman i\u00e7in 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan petrol ihracat\u0131, kalk\u0131nma yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kaynak olu\u015fturmu\u015f,\u00a0 bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, g\u00fcneydeki isyanlar\u0131n bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda da etkili olmu\u015f, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck yeniden sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, ekonomik altyap\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131nda ve gerekli hizmetlerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k kalk\u0131nma planlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck rol\u00fc \u00a0olmu\u015f, demokratikle\u015fme hareketleri de bu d\u00f6nemde ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda kans\u0131z bir darbe ile iktidara ge\u00e7en Sultan Qaboos bin Said, \u00f6ncelikle i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve zaman i\u00e7inde g\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ak\u0131lc\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015fc\u0131 politikalarla Umman\u2019\u0131 hem Arap Devletleri Ligi\u2019nin hem de uluslararas\u0131 toplumun sayg\u0131n bir \u00fcyesi yapm\u0131\u015f.Sultan Qaboos, ba\u015fta \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri, Maliye, Savunma ve Petrol Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kurarak devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctme ve daha etkin hale getirme yoluna gitmi\u015fti. Umman Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda savunma, d\u0131\u015f politika ve i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00fclke y\u00f6netiminde 1970 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana iktidarda bulunan\u00a0 ve 23 Temmuz 1972’den beri de hem sultanl\u0131k, hem de ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fcten Sultan Qaboos tek ve son karar merciidir. Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sultan Qaboos, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k makam\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra Savunma, Maliye ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerini de kanunen uhdesinde bulundurmaktad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fcyeleri do\u011frudan Sultan taraf\u0131ndan atanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Umman ayn\u0131 y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda diplomatik ili\u015fkiler 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda tesis edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kili ili\u015fkiler, sahip bulunduklar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve \u00f6nemli jeostratejik konumlar\u0131n\u0131n da bi\u00e7imlendirdi\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yarar ile ortak \u00e7\u0131karlar temelinde geli\u015fen bir seyir izlemektedir. \u0130ki \u00fclke D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda siyasi isti\u015farelerin son turu yakla\u015f\u0131k 11 y\u0131l aran\u0131n ard\u0131ndan TC D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyetinin 29 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Muskat\u2019\u0131 ziyareti vesilesiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.[i]<\/a>\u00a0 Bu arada hat\u0131rlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’da d\u00fczenlenen \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (\u0130\u0130T)’na Umman , Kuveyt ve , Katar gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flayan \u00fclkelerden biriydi .<\/p>\n

Umman \u0130statistik ve Enformasyon Milli Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan son verilere g\u00f6re, Umman Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’nda 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 9 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde, petrol ve gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ile bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin do\u011frudan ihracat\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck oranlarda geli\u015fme\u00a0 kaydedildi.\u00a0 S\u00f6zkonusu\u00a0 verilere g\u00f6re, ihracattaki y\u00fckseli\u015f petrol ve gaz d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde % 31.4 seviyesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 2016 n\u0131n\u00a0 ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neminde bu alanda, toplam 4,67 Milyar ABD Dolar\u0131 ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fken, bu sene bu de\u011fer 6.24 Milyar ABD Dolar\u0131 olarak kaydedildi. Madencilik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ihracat\u0131nda % 51.5, kimyasallarda % 41.9, plastik ve temel metallerde % 43.5 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ihracattaki genel art\u0131\u015f % 21.8 oran\u0131nda olu\u015furken, \u00fclkenin temel ihracat kalemi olan petrol ve gaz sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden elde edilen gelir % 28.8 oran\u0131nda y\u00fckselerek yakla\u015f\u0131k 14 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131na eri\u015fti. Yine belirtilen d\u00f6nemde Umman ham petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ihracat\u0131nda ortalama varil ba\u015f\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 51.3 ABD Dolar\u0131na y\u00fckseldi. Ge\u00e7en sene ortalama fiyat\u0131 ilk 9 ay i\u00e7in 40.1 ABD Dolar\u0131 mertebesindeydi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131k re-eksportlarda % 8 oran\u0131nda azalma ya\u015fand\u0131 ve re-eksport i\u015flemleri toplam\u0131 3.7 Milyar ABD Dolar\u0131na geriledi.[ii]<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n

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6 Kas\u0131m 1996 tarihinde Sultan Qaboos’un yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sultanl\u0131k Kararnamesiyle anayasa niteli\u011findeki Temel Yasa ilan edilmi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece Devlet Konseyi ve \u015eura Meclisi\u2019nden olu\u015fan iki kanatl\u0131 Meclis yap\u0131s\u0131yla me\u015fruti monar\u015fiye ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Temel Yasa’yla ayr\u0131ca, tahta ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci netle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k makam\u0131 tesis edilmi\u015f ve Umman vatanda\u015flar\u0131na temel haklar tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0\u015eura Meclisi’nin kurulu\u015f gayesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ile halk aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek halk\u0131n siyasi s\u00fcrece kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve kurumsal devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna katk\u0131da bulunmakt\u0131r. \u015eura Meclisi’nin \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 Ba\u015fkanla birlikte 85\u2019dir. \u00dcyeleri se\u00e7imle i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelmektedir.\u00a01997 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Devlet Konseyi\u2019nin \u00fcyeleri atamayla g\u00f6reve gelmektedirler. \u015eura Meclisi\u2019ne yard\u0131mc\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fma organ\u0131 niteli\u011findeki Devlet Konseyi’nin Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve \u00fcyeleri Sultan Qaboos taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan Kararnamelerle atanmaktad\u0131rlar. Konsey’in \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 Ba\u015fkanla birlikte 84’t\u00fcr. K\u0131saca , dan\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlenen Umman Konseyi, El \u015eura Meclisi ve El Davla Meclisi diye bilinen iki kamaradan. Alt kamara El \u015eura’n\u0131n 84, \u00fcst kamara El Davla’n\u0131n ise 58 \u00fcyesi bulunmakta El \u015eura’n\u0131n \u00fcyeleri se\u00e7imle i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelirken, Davla’n\u0131n \u00fcyeleri ise sultan taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmekte. \u00a0Son se\u00e7imler, 2011 Ekim’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 21 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki herkes oy kullanabiliyor. Yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme olan \u00fclkede, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan vatanda\u015flar\u0131n sultana bizzat temyize gitme hakk\u0131 bulunuyor. Temel olarak Britanya Medeni Hukuku ve \u0130slam Hukuku\u2019nu temel alan Umman, Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n zorunlu yarg\u0131 yetkisini kabul etmemekte .<\/p>\n

K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde nemli \u0131l\u0131man iklim hakim olurken, \u00e7\u00f6l b\u00f6lgelerde genel karasal iklim hakim olan ,.Hint Okyanusu ve\u00a0 Basra K\u00f6rfezi ile \u00e7evrili olan \u00a0\u00a0Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri, Suudi Arabistan, Yemen’le s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olan\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki\u00a0 309.500 kilometrekare\u00a0 y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcme sahip olan \u00a0ve BM, K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konseyi, Arap Ligi, \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Kurumu, Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Hareketi (G-77). Gibi\u00a0 Uluslararas\u0131 Kurulu\u015flara \u00fcye olan\u00a0 (Oman) Umman\u00a0 H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131 ile Yemen aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1700 kilometre uzunlu\u011funda k\u0131y\u0131ya sahi ve \u00fclkenin y\u00fczde sekseninden\u00a0 fazlas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6lle kapl\u0131 kalan k\u0131sm\u0131 da\u00a0 y\u00fczde 15’i de da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerden olu\u015fmakta . Bu da\u011flar i\u00e7inde en y\u00fcksek da\u011flar El Hacer ve El Kara. Kapsaml\u0131 modernle\u015fme program\u0131, bir taraftan Britanya’yla s\u00fcren ili\u015fkileri korurken, di\u011fer taraftan \u00fclkeyi d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7t\u0131. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Arap Bahar\u0131’ndan etkilenen \u00fclkede muhalif gruplar siyasi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin artmas\u0131 ve yolsuzluklar\u0131n sona erdirilmesi i\u00e7in sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ama \u00a0pek \u00e7ok kom\u015fusunun aksine, Sultan Seyd, sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclenlerin taleplerine yan\u0131t vermeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f. Hem siyaset hem de ekonomi alan\u0131nda reformlar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Sultan Seyd, Umman Konseyi’nin yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkileri ile i\u015fsizlik sigortalar\u0131n\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na almakla kalmay\u0131 geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak, K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konseyi, halk ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Umman ve Bahreyn’e 10’ar milyar dolarl\u0131k fon ay\u0131rma karar\u0131 da ald\u0131.Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n yaz aylar\u0131nda protestolar devam etse de, Ekim ay\u0131nda konseyin yetkileri sultan taraf\u0131ndan geni\u015fletmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Umman’\u0131n n\u00fcfusu Araplar ile Beluci, G\u00fcney Asya ve Afrika k\u00f6kenlilerden olu\u015fuyor. Resmi dilin Arap\u00e7a oldu\u011fu \u00fclkede ayr\u0131ca \u0130ngilizce, Beluci, Urduca ve \u00e7e\u015fitli Hint leh\u00e7eleri konu\u015fulmakta. N\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 75’inin \u0130slamiyet’e ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130badi mezhebinden oldu\u011fu \u00fclkede, di\u011fer y\u00fczde 25’lik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise S\u00fcnniler, \u015eiiler ve Hindular olu\u015fturmakta. \u00a0(Aral\u0131k 2016)\u00a0rakamlar\u0131\u0131na g\u00f6re 4.550.358 olan Oman n\u00fcfusu\u00a0 \u015eubat\u00a0 2018 tahminlerine g\u00f6re 4 milyon 750 bin 117 dir ve d\u00fcnya s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda 127. s\u0131rada yer almakta. N\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu y\u00fczde 65,7’yle 15-64 ya\u015f aras\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Bunu y\u00fczde 31,2’yle 0-14 ya\u015f ve y\u00fczde 3,1’le 65 ya\u015f \u00fczerinde bulunanlar olu\u015fturuyor. Umman, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f s\u0131ralamalas\u0131nda d\u00fcnya 47’ncisi.[i]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dclkede 15 ya\u015f \u00fczerinde okuma yazma bilenler y\u00fczde 81’lik bir y\u00fczdeye sahip. Bu oran erkeklerde yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 87’ye y\u00fckselirken, kad\u0131nlarda ise y\u00fczde 74’e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. GSMH\u00a0 ise 2016 itibar\u0131yla \u00a066,2\u00a0milyar ABD Dolar\u0131 olarak kaydedilmektedir .<\/p>\n

Basra ve Umman k\u00f6rfezleri aras\u0131nda bulunan ve k\u00fcresel petrol ticaretine y\u00f6nelik kritik \u00f6nemi olan H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131, 2016\u2019da uluslararas\u0131 deniz yollar\u0131nda en fazla petrol ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 konumundayd\u0131. ABD Enerji Enformasyon \u0130daresi\u00a0 verilerine g\u00f6re, 2016\u2019da H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama 18,5 milyon varil petrol ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Suudi Arabistan, Irak, Kuveyt ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri gibi zengin petrol kaynaklar\u0131na sahip \u00fclkelerce \u00fcretilen petrol\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80\u2019i H\u00fcrm\u00fcz Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7erek Asya pazar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015fti.Petrol ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir kritik noktaysa K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019i Aden K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ne ba\u011flayan ve Afrika K\u0131tas\u0131yla Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131ran Bab\u2019ul Mendep Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama 4,8 milyon varil petrol ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan bo\u011fazda, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda en fazla petrol ta\u015f\u0131nan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fczergah konumunda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Enerji eksenine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Umman’\u0131n gelirinin \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc petrol ve gaz rezervleri olu\u015fturmakta. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 2017 senesinde Suudi Arabistan ile Rusyaopecin-petrol-uretimi\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Kuveyt, Umman ve Venezuela taraf\u0131ndan petrol \u00fcretiminin 2018\u2019in ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finin sonuna kadar azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015fti. Bu arada petrol\u00fcn Umman\u2019da ilk olarak 1962 senesinde bulundu\u011funu an\u0131\u0131msamakta da fayda var. Umman\u2019da petrol \u00fcretiminin % 90\u2019\u0131 do\u011falgaz \u00fcretiminin tamam\u0131 PDO (Petroleum Development Oman) \u015firketince yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. PDO\u2019nun y\u00fczde 60 hissesi Umman devletine aittir. Geriye kalan hissesinin y\u00fczde 34\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc Royal Dutch Shell, y\u00fczde 4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc Total ve y\u00fczde 2\u2019sini ise Partex payla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Umman do\u011falgaz\u0131n\u0131n, gerek sanayide kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, gerekse petrol \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ihtiyaca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. \u0130leride Umman\u2019\u0131n yeni kaynaklar bulamamas\u0131 halinde do\u011falgaz ihra\u00e7 eden de\u011fil ithal eden bir \u00fclke olabilece\u011fi uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Umman’da hali haz\u0131rda faal iki rafineri i\u015fletmesinden \u00a0Oman Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company\u2019s (Orpic) taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen Sohar Rafinerisi’nin kapasitesi Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re [ii]<\/a> 116,000 Varil\/G\u00fcn seviyesindedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan rafineriye 82.000 Varil\/G\u00fcn i\u015fleme kapasitesinin eklenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. ORPIC Umman\u2019da rafine petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcreten tek \u015firkettir. Bu Projeye ilave olarak, Oman Oil Co. ve Abu Dhabi\u2019s International Petroleum Investment Co. (IPIC) ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda in\u015fa edilecek Duqm Rafinerisinin de g\u00fcnl\u00fck 230 000 Varil\/G\u00fcn i\u015fleme kapasitesine sahip olmas\u0131 ve projenin de 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanmas\u0131 planlanmakta.<\/p>\n

Umman\u2019\u0131n petrol ve do\u011falgaz ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fclkeler \u00c7in, Tayland, Japonya ve G. Koredir.<\/p>\n

Ortado\u011funun orta gelirli \u00fclkesi olan \u00fclke, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl 2006’ya gelindi\u011finde ise\u00a0ABD’yle serbest ticaret anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131<\/a>. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerden g\u00f6\u00e7 yoluyla gelmi\u015f olan i\u015f\u00e7iler yerine yerel i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde te\u015fvik politikalar\u0131 uygulayarak i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 hedefliyor.\u00dclkede end\u00fcstriyel geli\u015fim\u00a0 do\u011falgaz kaynaklar\u0131, metal \u00fcretimi, petrokimya \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve uluslararas\u0131 gemi aktarma limanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde odaklanm\u0131\u015f olan Umman\u2019da\u00a0\u00a0 sanayi, bilgi teknolojileri, turizm ve y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim gerektiren alanlarda \u00f6zel yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u00a0\u00a0 h\u0131z kesmeeden devam ediyor \u0130klimin ve do\u011fal ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n elveri\u015fsizli\u011fi sebebiyle tar\u0131m, ekonominin yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 1,5’ini olu\u015fturuyor. Ekonomi \u00a0sanayi ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne dayal\u0131. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda Umman h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kemer s\u0131kma politikas\u0131 sonucu, kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 durmu\u015f, s\u00fcbvansiyonlar kesilmi\u015ftir. Bu durumun \u00f6zel t\u00fcketim de dahil, genel ekonomik faaliyetleri olumsuz etkilemesi nedeniyle, Umman\u2019\u0131n 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda %2,0 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u00a0 Umman\u2019da h\u00fck\u00fcmeti temelde petrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n displine edilmesi, devlet gelirlerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve dengeli bir b\u00fct\u00e7e yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemektedir. H\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131, azalan \u00fcretim d\u00fczeyi ve petrol kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda Umman ekonomisini epey zora sokmu\u015ftur. [iii]<\/a>\u0130\u015fsizli\u011fe dair kayg\u0131lar ve petrole olan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ekonomi politikas\u0131n\u0131 3 tema \u00fczerinde kurmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu temalar; \u201cUmmanl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d ad\u0131 verilen yabanc\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yerli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ile de\u011fi\u015fimi, ekonomik \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmedir. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar petrol gelirlerinin GSY\u0130H i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131n\u0131n % 9\u2019a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n % 10\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir. \u00d6zellikle petro-kimya, plastik sanayii ve turizm sekt\u00f6rlerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli at\u0131l\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz\u00a0 2017 y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Umman Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli projelerden biri olan ve Kuveytli KPI ile ortakla\u015fa kuraca\u011f\u0131 Duqm Rafinerisi’ni in\u015fa edecek \u015firketler belirlenmi\u015fti. Oman Oil Company (OOC) ve Kuwait Petroleum International (KPI) ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyar ABD Dolara malolmas\u0131 beklenen Duqm Rafinerisi Projesine y\u00f6nelik 3 adet M\u00fchendislik, Sat\u0131n Alma ve \u0130n\u015faat (EPC) ihaleleri sonu\u00e7land\u0131. \u0130haleleri, G\u00fcney Kore, \u0130spanya, \u0130ngiltere ve \u0130talya firmalar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konsorsiyumlar kazand\u0131. \u0130lk \u00a0EPC ihalesini \u0130spanyol Tecnicas Reunidas ile G\u00fcney Koreli Daewoo Engineering & Construction konsorsiyumu, ikinci EPC ihalesini \u0130ngiliz Petrofac ve G\u00fcney Koreli Samsung Engineering ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc EPC ihalesini de \u0130talyan Saipem \u0130nternational kazand\u0131.\u00a0Rafineri tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 230.000 g\u00fcn\/varil i\u015fleme kapasitesine sahip olacak. Rafinerinin 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda hizmete girmesi planlanmakta.<\/p>\n

Ekim\u00a0 ay\u0131nda Hollanda merkezli petrol \u015firketi Royal Dutch Shell, Umman Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli petrol sahalar\u0131ndan biri olan\u00a0Mukhaizna\u2019daki y\u00fczde 17’lik hissesini satma karar\u0131 almas\u0131 bir ba\u015fka geli\u015fmeydi. \u00a0Royal Dutch Shell, Umman Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli petrol sahalar\u0131ndan biri olan ve Ummanl\u0131 Occidental Petroleum Oman \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen Mukhaizna petrol sahas\u0131ndaki hisselerini satmaya karar\u0131na konu olan sat\u0131\u015f i\u015fleminin toplamda 200 milyon dolar seviyesinde olmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekte.Sahaya y\u00f6nelik sondaj ve \u00fcretim anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 iki \u015firket 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanm\u0131\u015f ve Umman Devleti ile kurulan ortakl\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde konsorsiyumda yer alan firmalara 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k petrol arama ve \u00fcretim imtiyaz\u0131 verilmi\u015fti. O g\u00fcnden bu yana \u00fcretimi 16 kat art\u0131r\u0131lan sahadan 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 g\u00fcnl\u00fck 127.000 varil ham petrol \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Kas\u0131m 2017 de ise\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130talyan enerji \u015firketi Eni, Umman kamu enerji \u015firketi OOCEP ile birlikte Umman karasular\u0131nda petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapacak. \u0130talyan enerji \u015firketi Eni ve Umman kamu petrol \u015firketi Oman Oil Company Exploration and Production (OOCEP) \u015firketi aras\u0131nda hidrokarbon \u00fcretim anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. \u0130ki \u015firket Umman\u2019\u0131n karasular\u0131nda bulunan 52. Blokta petrol ve do\u011fal gaz arayarak, \u00fcretim yapacak.\u00a0 Anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Eni\u2019nin ba\u011fl\u0131 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Eni Oman B.V. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda y\u00fczde 85 hisseye sahip olurken, Ummanl\u0131 OOCEP ise y\u00fczde 15 hisseye sahip olacak.\u00a0 Umman\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcney a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda bulunan sahan\u0131n enerji rezervi hen\u00fcz tam olarak ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f de\u011fil. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 90 bin kilometrelik bir alan\u0131 kaplayan sahan\u0131n derinli\u011fi 10 ila 3 bin metre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor.\u00a0Eni CEO\u2019su Claudio Descalzi konuya ili\u015fkin olarak anla\u015fman\u0131n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir k\u00f6\u015feta\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu kaydetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu meyanda Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131lar Meclisi organizasyonu ve Orta Anadolu \u0130hracat\u00e7\u0131 Birlikleri (OA\u0130B) i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle, 26 \u015eubat-1 Mart 2018 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Umman’a bir Ticaret Heyeti program\u0131 d\u00fczenlenecek ve T\u00fcrkiye-Umman \u0130\u015f Forumunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra her iki \u00fclke giri\u015fimcilerini bulu\u015fturan ikili i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri esnas\u0131nda enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ne gibi geli\u015fmeler kaydedilece\u011fini \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki g\u00fcnlerde g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Haz\u0131rlayan: \u00c7i\u011fdem YORGANCIO\u011eLU –\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>http:\/\/www.cigdemyorgancioglu.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[1] \u00a0http:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tr\/oman-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa<\/a><\/p>\n

[1] https:\/\/www.ekonomi.gov.tr<\/a><\/p>\n

[1] The current population of Oman is 4,750,117 as of Monday, February 5, 2018, based on the latest United Nations estimates.Oman population is equivalent to 0.06% of the total world population.Oman ranks number 127 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population.The population density in Oman is 15 per Km2 (39 people per mi2).The total land area is 309,500 Km2 (119,499 sq. miles)74.6 % of the population is urban (3,456,850 people in 2018)The median age in Oman is 29.3 years<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/world-population\/oman-population\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[1] TC Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 https:\/\/www.economy.gov.tr\/portal\/faces\/home\/disIliskiler\/ulkeler\/ulke-detay\/Umman<\/p>\n

[1] Umman Ulke B\u00fclteni \u00a02017\u00a0 Deik\u00a0\u00a0 https:\/\/www.deik.org.tr<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n son haftas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 D\u00fcnya Turu\u00a0 gezilerim kapsam\u0131nda 105.inci ziyaret ett\u011fim \u00fclke olan Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Umman\u2019da ge\u00e7irdim. Bu makale de Umman\u2019\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":71606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[34390,67,1009,19008],"views":3008,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71605"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71605"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71610,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71605\/revisions\/71610"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}