{"id":56480,"date":"2016-08-15T11:52:57","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T08:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=56480"},"modified":"2016-08-15T11:53:24","modified_gmt":"2016-08-15T08:53:24","slug":"turk-akimi-projesinin-hayata-gecmesi-kime-ne-fayda-saglayacak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/turk-akimi-projesinin-hayata-gecmesi-kime-ne-fayda-saglayacak\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 Projesinin Hayata Ge\u00e7mesi Kime Ne Fayda Sa\u011flayacak?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00fcrkiye, en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011falgaz tedarik\u00e7isi Rusya ile asl\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r enerji alan\u0131nda yak\u0131n ili\u015fki i\u00e7erisinde.\u00a0Peki T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 Projesi\u2019nin hayata ge\u00e7mesinin iki \u00fclke a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan anlam\u0131 ne? Uzmanlar, Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 by-pass etmek isteyen Rusya i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken, T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ise arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olumlu etkisi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131rlar.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00fcrriyet\u2019ten Merve Erdil\u2019in haberine g\u00f6re, projenin tarih\u00e7esi ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc uzman de\u011ferlendirmeleri:<\/p>\n

Tarih 1 Aral\u0131k 2014\u2019t\u00fc. Rusya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ile ba\u015fkent Ankara\u2019da \"t\u00fcrk-ak\u0131m\u0131-do\u011falgaz-boru-hatt\u0131-3298832323-696x385\"<\/a>kameralar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bir s\u00fcredir g\u00fcndemdeki G\u00fcney Ak\u0131m projesi ile ilgili Avrupa ile s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Ve \u00e7ok s\u00fcrpriz bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yaparak, Avrupa\u2019ya gaz ta\u015f\u0131yacak G\u00fcney Ak\u0131m projesinin iptal edildi\u011fini duyurdu. Bunun yerine Rusya\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yeni bir hat yap\u0131labilece\u011fi mesaj\u0131n\u0131 veren Putin, \u201cYunanistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda kurulacak bir gaz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m merkezinden de G\u00fcney Avrupal\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterilerin talepleri kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Putin\u2019in G\u00fcney Ak\u0131m hatt\u0131n\u0131 iptal ederek rotay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7evirmesi, Avrupa\u2019da \u015fok etkisi yapt\u0131. G\u00fcney Ak\u0131m\u2019da Rus gaz\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya giri\u015f kap\u0131s\u0131 olacak Bulgaristan, bu konumunu kaybetmek istemiyordu. Uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131n yeni hatta \u201cT\u00fcrk ak\u0131m\u0131\u201d ismini takt\u0131. D\u00f6nemin Enerji Bakan\u0131 Taner Y\u0131ld\u0131z da birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Rusya ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak yeni boru hatt\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u201cBuna \u2018T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019 diyelim. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir proje ve finansmandan bahsediyoruz\u201d ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

YEN\u0130DEN CANLANMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Art\u0131k Rusya do\u011falgaz\u0131n\u0131, Karadeniz\u2019in alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek, T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden Yunanistan\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 ile satmak istiyordu. Fakat hem iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda do\u011falgazda fiyat indiriminin karara ba\u011flanamamas\u0131, hem de ya\u015fanan u\u00e7ak krizi sonras\u0131 projede ilerleme kaydedilemedi. Putin\u2019in T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 projesini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 Aral\u0131k 2014\u2019ten bu yana ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede, T\u00fcrkiye-Rusya ili\u015fkileri ciddi bir s\u0131navdan ge\u00e7ti. Ve bug\u00fcn geldi\u011fimiz noktada T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 yeniden g\u00fcndemimizde. Putin ve Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zirveden T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 projesinin yeniden canlanmas\u0131 karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hemen ard\u0131ndan Rusya Enerji Bakan\u0131 Aleksandr Novak, T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 projesinde ilk hatt\u0131n 2019\u2019un ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda in\u015fa edilebilece\u011fini belirtirken, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu da \u201cG\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler devam edecek ve en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flanacak. Bat\u0131 Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Rus gaz\u0131n\u0131 ikame edecek. Y\u0131lda 16 milyar metrek\u00fcp gaz gelecek, fazlas\u0131 TANAP\u2019a ba\u011flanacak. 2018\u2019de bunu tamamlamay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz, bu gaz Avrupa\u2019ya gidecek\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

\u0130K\u0130 HAT BUNLARA BA\u011eLI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peki T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 projesinin anlam\u0131 ne? Rusya ve T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi ne? Bunu uzmanlara sorduk. Proje, T\u00fcrkiye ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin do\u011falgaz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli, fakat di\u011fer yandan Avrupa Rus gaz\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtulmaya da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. 2019\u2019dan itibaren Avrupa \u00fclkelerine gaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 by-pass etme karar\u0131 alan Rusya ise bir yandan alternatif rota aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde, di\u011fer yandan Avrupa\u2019ya gaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki h\u00e2kimiyetini kaybetmek istemiyor. Avrupa\u2019ya di\u011fer yollar\u0131 \u015fu an t\u0131kal\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcken Rusya i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi bu nedenle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye ise orta ve uzun vadede bir do\u011falgaz ticaret merkezi (hub) konumuna gelmeyi hedefliyor. T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019ysa uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan enerji merkezi olma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek bir proje olarak yorumlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 HAT EKLENECEK M\u0130?<\/strong><\/p>\n

OXFORD Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Gaz Ara\u015ft\u0131rma B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Jonathan Stern, ilk etapta T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk hatt\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken, bundan sonra ikinci bir hatt\u0131n eklenip eklenmeyece\u011finin \u015fu iki fakt\u00f6re ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurguluyor: \u201c1) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Rusya\u2019dan ek gaz talebi olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131, 2) Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) ve Rusya aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenleyici sorunlar\u0131n, yani herhangi bir AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeye Rus gaz\u0131 girdi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00fczenleyici sorunlar\u0131n, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi.\u201d Stern, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Rusya\u2019dan daha fazla gaz ihtiyac\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda ikinci bir hatt\u0131n in\u015fa edilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek, \u201cE\u011fer Rusya ve AB aras\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenleyici sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcrse, bu sefer de ikinci bir T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 hatt\u0131 yerine G\u00fcney Ak\u0131m\u0131 hatt\u0131n\u0131n tercih edildi\u011fini g\u00f6rebiliriz. TANAP veya Kuzey Ak\u0131m 2 gibi di\u011fer projeler bu geli\u015fmelerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ilerleyecektir\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00dcVENL\u0130K AVANTAJI<\/strong>
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019N\u0130N T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 faydaya y\u00f6nelik Prof. Stern, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Mavi Ak\u0131m hatt\u0131yla beraber T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 ile sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 as\u0131l fayda, herhangi bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkeden gaz\u0131n transit ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmayacak olu\u015fu. T\u00fcrkiye-Rusya siyasi ili\u015fkileri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kalmaya devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece, bu asl\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fcvenlik avantaj\u0131. Ticari faydalar\u0131 konusunda bir h\u00fckme varmak \u015fu a\u015famada daha zor\u201d yorumunu yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

RUSYA\u2019NIN DAHA \u00c7OK \u0130HT\u0130YACI VAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enerji Piyasas\u0131 Uzman\u0131 C\u00fcneyt Kazoko\u011flu ise ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ay Rus do\u011falgaz \u015firketi Gazprom\u2019un 2021 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Avrupa\u2019ya y\u0131ll\u0131k 2-3 milyar metrek\u00fcp (bcm) daha fazla gaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015fuyor: \u201cBu da 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 10-15 milyar metrek\u00fcp ek gaz yapar. Gazprom bu gaz\u0131 kime satacak? Avrupa\u2019da Gazprom\u2019un sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 son 10 y\u0131lda d\u00fczenli olarak artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece iki \u00fclke var: Almanya ve T\u00fcrkiye. Gazprom Avrupa\u2019ya 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam 162 milyar metrek\u00fcp gaz satm\u0131\u015f. Bu rakam 2015\u2019te 159 bcm, yani hemen hemen ayn\u0131. Gazprom\u2019un Almanya\u2019ya gaz sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise 2005\u2019teki 36 bcm\u2019den, 2015\u2019te 45.3\u2019e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da 2005\u2019te 18 bcm\u2019den, 2015\u2019te 27 bcm\u2019e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Gazprom\u2019un Almanya ve T\u00fcrkiye haricinde Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131na sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise 2005\u2019te 107.6 bcm\u2019den, 2015\u2019te 86.2 bcm\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Gazprom\u2019un iki ana hedefi var: Enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (Energiewende) projesi ile k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve n\u00fckleerden \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 toplam arz i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011funluk olana kadar gereken s\u00fcrede aradaki bo\u015flu\u011fu Rus gaz\u0131 ile doldurmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit etti\u011fi Almanya ve zaten b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir pazar olan T\u00fcrkiye. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu iki pazara kapasite artt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve do\u011frudan eri\u015fimi sa\u011flayacak projeler, Gazprom\u2019un \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131llar\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc projeler. Yani Almanya\u2019ya do\u011frudan eri\u015fim sa\u011flayacak Kuzey Ak\u0131m 2 ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye do\u011frudan eri\u015fim sa\u011flayacak T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 (belki Mavi Ak\u0131m). Bu ba\u011flamda \u015fahsi fikrim, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Rusya\u2019ya oldu\u011fundan daha fazla ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011fu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131da gaz\u0131n\u0131 satabilece\u011fi ana art\u0131\u015f beklenen pazar T\u00fcrkiye. T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bakacak olursak, s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011falgaz (LNG) piyasas\u0131nda giderek artan bir arz fazlas\u0131 mevcut. Bu da fiyatlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. T\u00fcrkiye, Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131racak projeler yerine rahatl\u0131kla yeni LNG terminallerine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verebilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

RUSYA PROBLEMLER\u0130 BERTARAF EDECEK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Angora Gaz Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc G\u00f6khan Yard\u0131m, T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 projesinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011falgaz arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fine olumlu etkisi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201c2019\u2019dan sonra Bat\u0131 Hatt\u0131\u2019ndan gelen gaz\u0131n ne olaca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fil. T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7erse, tek hatla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011falgaz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olacak. Bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 Hatt\u0131\u2019ndan 14 bcm y\u0131ll\u0131k gaz al\u0131yoruz. Belki T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019ndan daha fazla gaz gelerek, ilave gaz da \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re verilebilir. Ama as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan miktar art\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, 2019\u2019dan sonra Ukrayna\u2019dan olabilecek problemleri T\u00fcrkiye bertaraf etmi\u015f olacak. T\u00fcrkiye, Almanya\u2019dan sonra Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci gaz pazar\u0131. O pazardaki konumunu devam ettirmi\u015f olacak. Tek hat \u00fczerinden konu\u015fuyoruz. \u0130kinci hat sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin elinde olan bir olay de\u011fil, AB\u2019nin de bu konudaki kararlar\u0131 \u00f6nemli. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den sonra ister Bulgaristan, ister Yunanistan\u2019a girsin, gaz AB\u2019ye giriyor. Konu\u015fulmas\u0131 gereken konulardan biri AB kurallar\u0131. Bir de talep olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli. Ukrayna\u2019dan gaz gelmeyecekse 2019\u2019dan sonra bu gaza Balkanlarda da ihtiya\u00e7 var.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak: H\u00fcrriyet<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye, en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011falgaz tedarik\u00e7isi Rusya ile asl\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r enerji alan\u0131nda yak\u0131n ili\u015fki i\u00e7erisinde.\u00a0Peki T\u00fcrk Ak\u0131m\u0131 Projesi\u2019nin hayata ge\u00e7mesinin iki \u00fclke […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":43801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46,53],"tags":[1192,1364,92,226,19761,2092,2677,6332,63,67,1009,2698,165,20340,885,2297,20076,21238,846],"views":833,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56480"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56480"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56482,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56480\/revisions\/56482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43801"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=56480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=56480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}