{"id":5596,"date":"2013-01-24T15:34:48","date_gmt":"2013-01-24T12:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=5596"},"modified":"2013-01-24T15:36:49","modified_gmt":"2013-01-24T12:36:49","slug":"yenilenebilir-enerji-ve-karbondioksit-salinimi-uzerine-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/yenilenebilir-enerji-ve-karbondioksit-salinimi-uzerine-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Yenilenebilir Enerji Ve Karbondioksit Sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 \u00dczerine Etkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Son y\u0131llarda enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kavram\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin g\u00fcndeminde ge\u00e7mi\u015f ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1970\u2019lerde ya\u015fanan enerji krizi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu kavram her ne kadar geleneksel olarak uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler, g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve ekonomi alanlar\u0131 ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilse de 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar h\u0131zla artan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi fark\u0131ndal\u0131k d\u00fczeyi, \u00e7evre konular\u0131n\u0131n da modern enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine entegre olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/strong>
\nArtan fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebebi ise sanayile\u015fme ve ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ile beraber k\u00fcresel bi\u00e7imde h\u0131zla artan karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ve bununla birlikte sera etkisine yol a\u00e7an di\u011fer gazlard\u0131r. Sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay ise Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nde yer alan verilere g\u00f6re %80\u2019i a\u015fan bir pay ile enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden kaynaklan\u0131yor.
\n\"\"Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden kaynaklanan sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n %90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne dayal\u0131 karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda elektrik \u00fcretimi ve \u0131s\u0131tma %41 ile en b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131 al\u0131rken, bunu ula\u015ft\u0131rma %22, sanayi %20, konut %8 ve di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rler %10 ile takip ediyor. Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rapora g\u00f6re k\u00fcresel bazda 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda fosil yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminden kaynaklanan karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 31,6 milyar tona ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu oran 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda %3\u2019\u00fc a\u015fan bir art\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na geliyor. Enerji bazl\u0131 karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda ise k\u00f6m\u00fcr %45 ile ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekmekte, bunu petrol %35 ve do\u011fal gaz da %20 ile takip ediyor. \u00d6zellikle geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler h\u0131zla artan enerji ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 fosil yak\u0131tlardan, \u00f6ncelikli olarak da k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Buna en iyi \u00f6rnek ise \u00c7in\u2019dir. BP\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019in k\u00fcresel karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndaki pay\u0131 %26,4\u2019d\u00fcr.
\nBu durumun tek sorumlusu \u00c7in ve di\u011fer geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler de\u011fildir. ABD\u2019nin ve de di\u011fer geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin de katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 unutmamak gerekir. Ayn\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re ABD k\u00fcresel karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n %17,7\u2019sini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu durumun sebebi ise ABD Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verileri incelendi\u011finde kolayl\u0131kla anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. ABD toplam elektrik \u00fcretiminin %42\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcrden sa\u011fl\u0131yor.
\nYukar\u0131da yer alan verilere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli unsur oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r. Fosil yak\u0131tlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m de\u011ferleri k\u0131yaslanamayacak kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\nD\u00fcnya Enerji Konseyi\u2019nin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilere g\u00f6re; linyitin karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 (tCO2eq\/GWh) 1062-1372, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn 757-1085 tCO2eq\/GWh, petrol\u00fcn 657-866 tCO2eq\/GWh, do\u011fal gaz\u0131n 398-499 tCO2eq\/GWh, g\u00fcne\u015fin 13-104 tCO2eq\/GWh, hidroelektri\u011fin 4-120 tCO2eq\/GWh, biyoyak\u0131t\u0131n 15-49 tCO2eq\/GWh, r\u00fczgar\u0131n 7-15 tCO2eq\/GWh ve n\u00fckleerin 3-20 tCO2eq\/GWh. Bu verilere g\u00f6re do\u011fal gaz, di\u011fer fosil yak\u0131tlar aras\u0131nda karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan yak\u0131t olsa dahi karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ve n\u00fckleer ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir.
\nYenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkisinin kolayl\u0131kla g\u00f6zlenebilece\u011fi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Almanya, Portekiz, \u0130spanya ve \u0130talya ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi olan bu \u00fclkeler 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinden birisi olan karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan itibaren tecr\u00fcbe etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nEurostat verilerine g\u00f6re, Portekiz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en di\u011fer \u00fclkeler 2005 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 oranlar\u0131n\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle %20\u2019li seviyelere yak\u0131n ve hatta Portekiz ve \u0130spanya \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi %20\u2019yi a\u015fan seviyelerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. AB \u00fcyesi di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde Avrupa 2020 Stratejisi kapsam\u0131nda yer alan \u201c20-20-20\u201d hedefleri olarak nitelendirilen yenilenebilir enerjinin pay\u0131n\u0131n %20\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n %20 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve enerji t\u00fcketiminin %20 azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 politikalar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6nceki y\u0131llara k\u0131yasla sal\u0131n\u0131m de\u011ferlerini yenilebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m sayesinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fcler. \u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ise 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 238,2 milyon ton olan sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %35\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015fla 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle 323,4 milyon tona ula\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda toplam enerji t\u00fcketimimizin 86 milyon ton e\u015fde\u011fer petrolden (MTEP), 118,8 MTEP\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun fosil yak\u0131tlardan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sadece karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bile anlayabiliriz.
\nDolay\u0131s\u0131yla, yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ve toplam enerji t\u00fcketimindeki pay\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemiz enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine katk\u0131s\u0131 sadece d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirilmemelidir. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda da \u00f6nemli katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Her ne kadar mevcut enerji t\u00fcketimimizin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu \u00fclkemizde yer alan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131layamayacak olsa bile mevcut imkanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en y\u00fcksek seviyede kullanman\u0131n enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fimize faydalar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Mehmet Efe Biresselio\u011flu \u0130zmir Ekonomi \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak: Energy World<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Son y\u0131llarda enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kavram\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin g\u00fcndeminde ge\u00e7mi\u015f ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1970\u2019lerde ya\u015fanan enerji krizi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5597,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52,49,47,50],"tags":[646,67,227,35370,1090,69,105],"views":1102,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5596"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5596"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5600,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5596\/revisions\/5600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}