{"id":53673,"date":"2016-06-04T13:34:15","date_gmt":"2016-06-04T10:34:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=53673"},"modified":"2016-06-05T18:52:08","modified_gmt":"2016-06-05T15:52:08","slug":"bir-parcasi-oldugun-doga-icin-simdi-harekete-gecme-zamanin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/bir-parcasi-oldugun-doga-icin-simdi-harekete-gecme-zamanin\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Bir Par\u00e7as\u0131 Oldu\u011fun Do\u011fa \u0130\u00e7in \u015eimdi Harekete Ge\u00e7me Zaman\u0131…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l 5 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan D\u00fcnya \u00c7evre G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde TEMA Vakf\u0131 t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 korumaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. TEMA Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u201cBug\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca \u00fclkemiz de\u011fil, ya\u015fam mucizesinin evi olan gezegenimiz insan kaynakl\u0131 tehditler alt\u0131nda. Karamsarl\u0131k i\u00e7in bile vaktimiz yok. Hepimiz hemen \u015fimdi do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7meliyiz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ve gezegenimizi korumak i\u00e7in kollar\u0131 s\u0131vamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de pek \u00e7ok noktada, ekonomik kalk\u0131nma niyetiyle do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131n ikinci plana at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fclerek\"bir-parcasi-oldugun-doga-icin-simdi-harekete-gecme-zamanin\" g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Oysa, ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmemiz ancak ve ancak do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Biz insanlar do\u011fan\u0131n sahibi de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7as\u0131y\u0131z. TEMA Vakf\u0131<\/strong> olarak 5 Haziran D\u00fcnya \u00c7evre G\u00fcn\u00fc’nde<\/strong> herkesi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya\u015fam i\u00e7in do\u011fan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ol<\/em>maya davet ediyoruz. Bununla birlikte karar vericileri de Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefleri\u2019ne uyumlu politikalar \u00fcretmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yoruz\u201d denildi.<\/p>\n

TEMA Vakf\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 tehdit eden \u015fu noktalara dikkat \u00e7ekildi:<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gezegenimiz iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi tehdidi alt\u0131nda. Suriye’de 2006 sonras\u0131 ya\u015fanan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 kurakl\u0131klar nedeniyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon insan k\u0131rsaldan \u015fehirlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin etkilerini ekti\u011fi bu\u011fday daha tane vermeden kurudu\u011fu i\u00e7in tarlada b\u0131rakan \u00fcreticinin \u00e7aresizli\u011finde g\u00f6rebiliriz. T\u00fcrkiye’nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede %25’lere varan verim kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Bunun sonucu yoksullar\u0131n daha da yoksulla\u015fmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile birlikte; azalan ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktarlar\u0131 nedeniyle tatl\u0131 su varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hem niceli\u011fi hem de niteli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015fecek ve bu durum su g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorununa yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131 nedeniyle tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015fecek ve bu durum artan yiyecek talebi ile birle\u015fti\u011finde k\u00fcresel ve b\u00f6lgesel olarak g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ili\u015fkin b\u00fcy\u00fck riskler olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, y\u00fcksek nem oranlar\u0131, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131 ve benzeri etkiler nedeniyle, \u00f6zellikle az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6nde etkilenecek, hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n sonucunda da, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve beraberinde ekosistem \u00fczerine getirdi\u011fi bask\u0131 unsurlar\u0131 nedeniyle 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok say\u0131da canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc yok olacak ya da yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Orman kayb\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ormanlar sadece bir a\u011fa\u00e7 toplulu\u011fu de\u011fil, i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da canl\u0131n\u0131n beraber ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131yla canl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda etkile\u015fimin bulundu\u011fu bir ekosistem. Ormanlar\u0131 korumak a\u011fa\u00e7larla birlikte ormanda ya\u015fayan binlerce canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131na ve ya\u015famlar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak anlam\u0131na geliyor. T\u00fcrkiye’nin toplam 21.5 milyon hektar orman alan\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 48’i erozyona maruz kal\u0131yor ve topraklar yok oluyor. Resmi verilere g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de orman kayb\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor. Fakat 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada yakla\u015f\u0131k 4000 hektar orman kaybedildi.<\/p>\n

2\/B uygulamalar\u0131 ile Orman Kanunu\u2019nun 16.,17.,18. Maddeleri gibi yasal mevzuat\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve orman alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahribat\u0131 gibi sonu\u00e7lara neden olmu\u015ftur. \u015eimdiye kadar 2\/B uygulamas\u0131 ile 473.420 hektar alan orman rejimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Orman Kanunu\u2019nun s\u00f6z konusu maddeleri ile 2013 sonuna kadar 414.222 hektar ormanl\u0131k alanda madencilik, ula\u015f\u0131m, enerji, haberle\u015fme, at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi ve benzeri ama\u00e7l\u0131 tesisler i\u00e7in izin verilmi\u015ftir. Ormanlar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir y\u00f6netimi ve korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de say\u0131s\u0131 7 milyonu bulan orman k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin kalk\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Su ve\u00a0<\/strong>Sulamal\u0131 tar\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu 9 milyar\u0131 ge\u00e7ecek. 2025\u2019ten itibaren 1.8 milyardan fazla insan\u0131n su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Hala d\u00fcnyada su t\u00fcketiminin %71\u2019i, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise %73\u2019\u00fc tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar F\u0131rat-Dicle Havzas\u0131\u2019nda %10, Akdeniz B\u00f6lgesi Havzalar\u0131\u2019nda %37, Konya Havzas\u0131\u2019nda ise %70 oran\u0131nda azalma olabilece\u011fi \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada 253 milyon hektar alanda, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 290 milyon hektar alanda sulamal\u0131 tar\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131. 2025 y\u0131l\u0131nda sulamal\u0131 tar\u0131m yap\u0131lan alan\u0131n 330 milyon hektara ula\u015fmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Artan sulamal\u0131 tar\u0131mla birlikte 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tar\u0131m\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 olan su miktar\u0131 y\u00fczde 19 oran\u0131nda artacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye’nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgede ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar azal\u0131yor ve kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yo\u011funlu\u011fu art\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye’nin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin su varl\u0131klar\u0131 etkisine k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek. Hem tar\u0131m, g\u0131da, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k alanlar\u0131nda hem de \u015fehirlerimizdeki su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski giderek art\u0131yor. Bu alanda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkilerine uyum \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n acil bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nceliklendirilmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Kirlilik, azalma ve eri\u015fim tehditleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

TEMA Vakf\u0131\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye genelinde temsilcileri ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerinin katk\u0131lar\u0131yla haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c81 \u0130lde Su Varl\u0131klar\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Tehditler\u201d haritas\u0131na g\u00f6re 37 ilde tespit edilen 72 tehdit var. Bu tehditler su varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik, su varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n miktar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ve su varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na eri\u015fime engel olacak tehditler olarak 3 kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Tehditlerin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sebepleri aras\u0131nda end\u00fcstriyel faaliyetler, havzalar aras\u0131 su transferleri ve barajlar\/HES\u2019ler bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Su Kanunu<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de suya dair 40\u2019\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n yasal d\u00fczenleme bulunuyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde su varl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehditlerle birlikte n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kaynakl\u0131 sorunlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden; suyu bilin\u00e7sizce t\u00fcketilecek bir kaynak de\u011fil korunmas\u0131 gereken bir do\u011fal varl\u0131k olarak kabul eden, suyun sadece insanlar\u0131n de\u011fil, t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in sahip oldu\u011fu hayati \u00f6nemi tan\u0131yan, \u00f6ncelikle suyu korumay\u0131 ve su varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 havza baz\u0131nda geli\u015ftirmeyi, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 ve \u015feffaf bir anlay\u0131\u015fla y\u00f6netmeyi hedefleyen bir Su Kanunu\u2019na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcst\u00fcn ekosistem yarar\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak nitelikteki bir Su Kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine bir kez daha dikkat \u00e7ekiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Hava<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6) 2016 verilerine g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun %80\u2019inden fazlas\u0131 temiz hava soluyam\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hava kirlili\u011finin kabul edilebilir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 2015\u2019te 81 ilin 41’inde a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. En y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde hava kirlili\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclen 3 il Aksaray, A\u011fr\u0131 ve Mu\u015f oldu. DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn hava kalitesi limiti dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede sadece \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131\u2019daki de\u011ferlerin limitin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir an \u00f6nce hava kirlili\u011fini \u00f6nleme konusunda ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131 ve hava kirleticileri i\u00e7in DS\u00d6 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yasal d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Toprak<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in belirledi\u011fi S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Hedefleri\u2019nden bir tanesi olan Karasal Ya\u015fam maddesi kapsam\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re 2,6 milyar insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi topra\u011fa ve tar\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131. Fakat bu topra\u011f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %52\u2019si toprak bozunumundan orta veya y\u00fcksek derecede etkilenmektedir. Kurakl\u0131k ve \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme her y\u0131l 12 milyon hektar alan\u0131n kayb\u0131na (23 hektar\/dakika) sebep oluyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise toprak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fta erozyon ve ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar olmak \u00fczere h\u0131zla yitirilmektedir. \u00d6ncelikle toprak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z korunmal\u0131 ve arazi kayna\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tar\u0131m arazisi 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 26,4 milyon hektar iken, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda 24 milyon hektara gerilemi\u015ftir. 13 y\u0131lda 2,4 milyon hektar (tar\u0131m arazilerinin %9\u2019u) tar\u0131m arazisi kaybedilmi\u015ftir. G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve verimlili\u011finin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunluluktur.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131m ve G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi <\/strong><\/p>\n

1920\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda arazilerimizin %56\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan meralar\u0131n oran\u0131 bug\u00fcn %19\u2019a gerilemi\u015ftir ve mevcut meralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n %70\u2019inde bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc zay\u0131f ve verimsizdir. Di\u011fer yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5 milyon n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Eklenen n\u00fcfus i\u00e7in beslenmede en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131 tutan tah\u0131l \u00fcretimi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcretimimizin 1 milyon ton artmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Bu durum, e\u011fer verimlilik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanamazsa, yakla\u015f\u0131k 400.000 hektar tar\u0131m alan\u0131na daha ihtiya\u00e7 duyulaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ihtiya\u00e7lar dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tar\u0131m arazilerinin ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi i\u00e7in 5403 Say\u0131l\u0131 Toprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekilde Toprak Koruma ve Arazi Kullan\u0131m Planlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131; tar\u0131msal potansiyeli y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fck ovalar\u0131n tar\u0131msal koruma alan\u0131 ilan edilmesi; topra\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir y\u00f6netimi; toprak koruma ve erozyonla m\u00fccadele tedbirlerinin desteklenmesi gereklidir. Tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 gibi meralar\u0131n da ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131na son verilmeli, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin ve topra\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131na hizmet edecek \u015fekilde “s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir mera y\u00f6netimi” hayata ge\u00e7irilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca bitkisel \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde aile i\u015fletmeleri taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkemizde aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011finin desteklenmesi, hem g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 hem de tar\u0131msal biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6nemdedir.<\/p>\n

Biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde ve d\u00fcnyada \u00f6ncelikle ya\u015fam\u0131 tehlikede olan ve endemik t\u00fcrleri olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 koruyarak, onlar\u0131n gelecekte varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine katk\u0131da bulunmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u0130nsanlar taraf\u0131ndan ekolojik dengelere verilen zarar, ekosistem tahribatlar\u0131 ve do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131n t\u00fcketilmesi gelecek nesillerin ya\u015fam haklar\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengin, ancak var olan 12.000 bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcnden 1.400\u2019\u00fc yok olma tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n

Kalk\u0131nma ve enerji politikalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc termik santraller ve\u00a0<\/strong>Madencilik<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ilkim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden en \u00e7ok etkilenecek b\u00f6lgelerden biri olan Akdeniz \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Nisan ay\u0131nda New York\u2019ta imzalanan Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile \u00fclkeler iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini 1,5 o<\/sup>C alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7eceklerine s\u00f6z verdiler. Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda k\u00fcresel kapsamda karbonsuz ekonomilere dair ilerlemeler kaydedilirken \u00fclkemiz enerji \u00fcretim politikas\u0131 fosil yak\u0131tlara olan oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmiyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 80\u2019e yak\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc termik santral yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. Konya, Karaman, Dinar ve Ergene gibi pek \u00e7ok tar\u0131m havzam\u0131z k\u00f6m\u00fcr oca\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr yak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan gazlar iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini tetikliyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kurakl\u0131k ve ani hava olaylar\u0131na sebep oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve verimi olumsuz etkiliyor. Bu durum g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na da yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. 22 Nisan\u2019da aralar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de bulundu\u011fu 195 devlet iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bitti diyebiliriz. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yenilenebilir kaynaklara y\u00f6nelmeli, fosil yak\u0131tlardan bir an \u00f6nce vazge\u00e7meli. Planlanan 80 yeni termik santralin \u00fcretime ge\u00e7mesi durumunda, sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla birlikte sa\u011fl\u0131k, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc, tar\u0131msal verim kayb\u0131 gibi ciddi maliyetlerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fc alt\u0131ndan daha de\u011ferli. Bununla birlikte Artvin\u2019den \u0130zmir\u2019e kadar pek \u00e7ok noktada madencilik faaliyetleri yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. Madencili\u011fin sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 katma de\u011fer hesab\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken, sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fc, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kayb\u0131, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131ndaki verim ile do\u011fal ekosistem hizmetlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kay\u0131plar da dikkate al\u0131narak, ger\u00e7ek maliyeti do\u011fru olarak hesaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Madencilik faaliyetleri, \u00f6zellikle de a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme y\u00f6ntemiyle yap\u0131l\u0131yorsa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan sahalarda \u00e7ok ciddi topo\u011frafya, jeolojik yap\u0131, su rejimi ve peyzaj de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine neden olmakta ve \u00e7evredeki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tahrip olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Yeralt\u0131 sahalar\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00f6zellikle su ve su ekosistemleri \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Maden \u00e7\u0131karma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir de ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve i\u015fleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan metotlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu \u00e7evre sorunlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle metal cevheri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan madenlerde \u00e7ok miktarda su t\u00fcketimi yap\u0131lmakta, maden cevherleri siyan\u00fcr vb. zehirli kimyasallar kullan\u0131larak ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta, at\u0131k sular ise a\u00e7\u0131k havuzlarda depolanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkenin genelinde yayg\u0131n olan ta\u015f, kum ve \u00e7ak\u0131l i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in ormanl\u0131k alandan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda zorunlulu\u011fun kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fcn kamu yarar\u0131 ilkesinin hayata sokulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak mevzuat d\u00fczenlemeleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hem \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lma hem de i\u015fleme\/yak\u0131lma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7evreye \u00e7ok fazla zarar veren k\u00f6m\u00fcr madencili\u011fine verilen destekler kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, \u00f6zellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalorili k\u00f6m\u00fcrler toprak alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: B\u00fcltenler<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l 5 Haziran\u2019da kutlanan D\u00fcnya \u00c7evre G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde TEMA Vakf\u0131 t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131 korumaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. TEMA Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[30034,15555,63,67,1009,2698,165,4969,4033,9309],"views":992,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53673"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53673"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53684,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53673\/revisions\/53684"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}