{"id":40652,"date":"2015-06-25T15:58:08","date_gmt":"2015-06-25T12:58:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=40652"},"modified":"2015-06-25T15:58:08","modified_gmt":"2015-06-25T12:58:08","slug":"rapor-turkiye-komurde-dengeyi-nasil-kurmali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/rapor-turkiye-komurde-dengeyi-nasil-kurmali\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Rapor: T\u00fcrkiye K\u00f6m\u00fcrde Dengeyi Nas\u0131l Kurmal\u0131…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00d6zel Raporu<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n

Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Enerji ve Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Y\u00f6netici Bilgi Notu, Enerji\u00a0 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netici, b\u00fcrokrat, karar al\u0131c\u0131 ve uzmanlara\u00a0 g\u00f6nderilmektedir.\"k\u00f6m\u00fcr-\u00fcretimi\"<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6netici Bilgi Notu<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve n\u00fcfusu art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 neticesinde her y\u0131l artan elektrik t\u00fcketimini kesintisiz ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olarak kar\u015f\u0131lamak zorunda oldu\u011fu kadar; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle, yerli ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 en y\u00fcksek seviyede de kullanmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Petrol ve do\u011fal gaz rezervleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yak\u0131n co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki \u00fclkeler kadar \u015fansl\u0131 olmayan T\u00fcrkiye, elektrik \u00fcretiminde r\u00fczgar, g\u00fcne\u015f, hidroelektrik ve jeotermal yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 ile yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcre \u00f6ncelik veren bir enerji politikas\u0131 uygulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin makro g\u00f6stergelerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli problemlerden birisinin cari a\u00e7\u0131k sorunu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 64,66 milyar dolar olan cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 19 milyar azalarak 45,84 milyar dolara gerilemi\u015ftir. Buradaki gerilemenin en temel nedenleri aras\u0131nda ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131 ve petrol fiyatlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise cari a\u00e7\u0131k sorununun en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birisinin enerji ithalat\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiyat ve kur dalgalanmalar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla enerji maliyetlerini daha da yukar\u0131 \u00e7ekerek sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyebilmektedir. Enerji maliyetleri, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli bir parametredir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde enerji yo\u011fun sekt\u00f6rlerin pay\u0131 ile enerji verimlili\u011finin geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke ortalamalar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, enerji maliyetlerini sanayi kesimi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye yenilebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 kadar yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcrden elektrik \u00fcretimine de \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya elektrik \u00fcretiminde k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 41\u2019dir. Gelecek y\u0131llarda geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin k\u00f6m\u00fcr talebinin d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyeti nedeniyle k\u00f6m\u00fcr talebinin artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Her ne kadar k\u00fcresel k\u00f6m\u00fcr talebi ilerleyen y\u0131llarda artmaya devam etse de k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn elektrik \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresel nedenler, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131n daha \u00e7evreci bir yak\u0131t olmas\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fczde 25\u2019lerin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye K\u00f6m\u00fcr \u0130\u015fletmeleri Kurumu (TK\u0130) verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplam kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervleri 15,4 milyar tondur. Bunun 14,1 milyar tonu linyit (%92), 1,3 milyar tonu (%8) ise ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin elektrik \u00fcretiminde k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 22,9 olan pay\u0131 2014\u2019de y\u00fczde 29,56\u2019e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyadaki duruma bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise ABD\u2019de elektrik \u00fcretiminde k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 43, Kanada\u2019da y\u00fczde 12, \u00c7in\u2019de y\u00fczde 79 ve Hindistan\u2019da y\u00fczde 12\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda 36,824 MW olan elektrikteki toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131 sonu itibariyle 71,429 MW\u2019a y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yerli (ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc+linyit) ve ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 22,5 ve toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 8,296 MW olmu\u015f- tur. 2015 May\u0131s sonu itibariyle ise toplam kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 i\u00e7inde k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin toplam pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 20,5\u2019e gerilemesine ra\u011fmen k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 14,658 MW\u2019a \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcrden elektrik \u00fcretimini te\u015fvik ederek artt\u0131rmak isterken, TE\u0130A\u015e verilerine g\u00f6re ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin 1,510 MW olan kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131 sonu itibariyle 6,070 MW\u2019a y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 10 y\u0131lda 4 kat artarken ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc ise 6,786 MW\u2019dan 8,588 MW\u2019a \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fletmede olan 32 k\u00f6m\u00fcr santralinin 23 tanesi yerli, 9 tanesi ise ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan santrallerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

EPDK verilerine g\u00f6re, proje a\u015famas\u0131nda olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin say\u0131lar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 5,215 MW olan 11 k\u00f6m\u00fcr santralinin 6 tanesinin (3,570 MW) ithal, geri kalan 5 tanesinin ise (1,645 MW) yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr santralleri oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n lisans s\u00fcrecinde olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin say\u0131lar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise, toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 7,798 MW olan 15 k\u00f6m\u00fcr santralinin 8 tanesinin (5,588 MW) ithal, geri kalan 7 tanesinin ise (2,210) yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr santralleri oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel k\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyatlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f trendi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedenidir. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD, Avrupa ve Asya\u2019daki g\u00f6sterge k\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131 69,8 dolar\/ton iken 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalamas\u0131 138,1 dolar\/tona y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise ortalama fiyat 74,09 dolar\/tona gerilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel k\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n gerilemeye devam etmesi ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmektedir. \u00d6te yandan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcrden \u00fcretti\u011fi toplam elektrik enerjisi miktar\u0131 32,9 milyar kWh iken Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2015-2019 d\u00f6nemini kapsayan stratejik plan\u0131nda bu rakam\u0131n 60 kWh\u2019e y\u00fckseltilmesi hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesi hem enerji maliyetleri hem de ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bununla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye, \u00e7evre ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmeden yerli kaynaklar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparken, k\u00fcresel k\u00f6m\u00fcr piyasalar\u0131ndaki ko\u015fullar ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin artan elektrik t\u00fcketimi nedeniyle ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 santral yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kontrols\u00fcz \u015fekilde artmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130thal k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 art\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 olarak \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi riskini art\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 da olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu sebeple, yeni k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrali yap\u0131mlar\u0131nda yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 santraller daha etkin \u015fekilde te\u015fvik edilmeli, ithalata dayal\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallerinin ise ba\u015fta Kuzey Marmara, Bat\u0131 Karadeniz ve \u00c7ukurova b\u00f6lgesinde yo\u011funla\u015farak k\u00fcm\u00fclatif etkilerinin artmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

Yararlan\u0131lan Kaynak:\u00a0<\/em>
\nHazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Enerji ve Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi, Y\u00f6netici Bilgi Notu, 2015 (41).<\/em>
\nHaz\u0131rlayanlar: Dr. Efgan Nifti, Dr. R\u00fc\u00e7han Kaya, Emin Akhundzada, Emin Emrah Dan\u0131\u015f,<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \u00d6zel Raporu Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Enerji ve Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Y\u00f6netici Bilgi Notu, Enerji\u00a0 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00fcst d\u00fczey […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36463,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[130,23679,63,67,1009,1614,2698,86,165,1675,2293,3460,5097,23680,1718,1817,508,1375],"views":873,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40652"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40652"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40653,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40652\/revisions\/40653"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}