{"id":40138,"date":"2015-06-10T17:43:55","date_gmt":"2015-06-10T14:43:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=40138"},"modified":"2015-06-10T17:43:55","modified_gmt":"2015-06-10T14:43:55","slug":"turkiye-dogalgazda-merkez-olabilmek-icin-neler-yapmali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/turkiye-dogalgazda-merkez-olabilmek-icin-neler-yapmali\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) T\u00fcrkiye Do\u011falgazda Merkez Olabilmek \u0130\u00e7in Neler Yapmal\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Enerji ve Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Y\u00f6netici Bilgi Notu, Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netici, b\u00fcrokrat, karar al\u0131c\u0131 ve uzmanlara g\u00f6nderilmektedir.<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r sahip oldu\u011fu co\u011frafi konumunun kendisine sundu\u011fu avantaj\u0131 kullanarak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli enerji merkezlerinden birisi olmay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. Bununla birlikte T\u00fcrkiye gerek enerji piyasalar\u0131 ve enerji al\"turkiye-dogalgazda-merkez-olabilmek-icin-neler-yapmali\"<\/a>tyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterince geli\u015fmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekse kaynak \u00fclkelerdeki sahalarda \u00fcretilecek gaz\u0131n iletilece\u011fi boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinin \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerden dolay\u0131 gecikmesinden dolay\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar enerji merkezi olma noktas\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla a\u015fama kaydedememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye enerji merkezi olmas\u0131 durumunda jeostratejik \u00f6nemini art\u0131rarak \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7arpan\u0131 elde etme \u015fans\u0131na kavu\u015furken ayn\u0131 zamanda do\u011fal gaz ithalat maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama imkan\u0131na da sahip olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda 22,5 milyar metrek\u00fcp olan do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketimi 2011\u2019de 43,8 milyar metrek\u00fcpe ve 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 49 milyar metrek\u00fcpe y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketiminin ise 50,8 milyar metrek\u00fcpe ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin mevcut uzun vadeli anla\u015fmalar ile ithal edebilece\u011fi y\u0131ll\u0131k toplam do\u011fal gaz miktar\u0131 52,2 milyar metrek\u00fcpt\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketiminde art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmekle birlikte \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda da artmas\u0131 ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 60 milyar metrek\u00fcpe y\u00fckselmesi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketimindeki bu art\u0131\u015f yeni arz kaynaklar\u0131na olan ihtiyac\u0131 beraberinde getirirken ayn\u0131 zamanda enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda yeni kaynak \u00fclke ve tedarik g\u00fczergahlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesini zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fal gazda yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 99 oran\u0131nda ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131nda ana tedarik\u00e7i konumundaki \u0130ran ve Rusya\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fal gaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131, artan gaz talebi ve T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fc ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u015fta do\u011fal gaz olmak \u00fczere enerji ithalat maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesini elzem k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye her \u015feyden \u00f6nce bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 do\u011fal gaz arz miktar\u0131n\u0131 ve tedarik\u00e7i \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rarak kendi gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketimi ekonomik kriz nedeniyle son y\u0131llarda d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n 534,5 milyar metrek\u00fcp olan do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketimi 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda 417,5 milyar metrek\u00fcpe kadar gerilemi\u015ftir. Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n(IEA) tahminlerine g\u00f6re, Avrupa\u2019daki do\u011fal gaz t\u00fcketiminin 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren tekrar artmaya ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n 2014-2020 d\u00f6- neminde do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc seviyelere oranla y\u00fczde 30 civar\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedeni ise Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131ta i\u00e7i do\u011fal gaz \u00fcretiminin 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2010\u2019a g\u00f6re yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25 d\u00fc\u015fecek olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n artan do\u011fal gaz ithalat ihtiyac\u0131 ve enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanabilmesi amac\u0131yla ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Avrupa Birli\u011fi(AB) Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan Akdeniz enerji merkezinin geli\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir. Bu ama\u00e7la AB Komisyonu ile Kuzey Afrika ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019deki potansiyel kaynak \u00fclkelerle y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019daki geli\u015fmeler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji merkezi olma s\u00fcrecini ve \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e art\u0131rmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji merkezi olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fcretici \u00fclkelerden \u00e7\u0131kacak boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi kadar T\u00fcrkiye taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken teknik, altyap\u0131yla ilgili gereklilikler ve yasal d\u00fczenlemelere ihtiya\u00e7 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin fiziki ya da sanal bir do\u011falgaz merkezlerinden birisi olabilmesi i\u00e7in temel gereklilikleri \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00dclke talebinin \u00fczerinde bir do\u011falgaz arz\u0131 (10-15 milyar metrek\u00fcp\/y\u0131l), \u00e7ok say\u0131da kaynak \u00fclke ve g\u00fczergaha eri\u015fimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da do\u011fal gaz giri\u015f noktas\u0131na sahip olunmas\u0131 ve bu sayede gaz\u0131n gazla rekabetinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Do\u011fal gaz piyasas\u0131nda liberalle\u015fmenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bunun i\u00e7in yeni do\u011fal gaz piyasas\u0131 kanunun piyasa ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Kurulu\u015f s\u00fcreci tamamlanan Enerji Borsas\u0131 EP\u0130A\u015e\u2019\u0131n etkin ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanarak do\u011fal gaz s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin de i\u015flem g\u00f6rmesi,<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u00c7ok say\u0131da piyasa kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131, y\u00fcksek ticaret ve i\u015flem hacminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Spot ve vadeli i\u015flem (future, swap, vb.) s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Gerekli yasal ve d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evenin piyasa ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022 Avrupa\u2019daki uzun vadeli ve petrole endeksli do\u011fal gaz kontratlar\u0131n\u0131n merkez temelli fiyatlamaya do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fcm piyasa kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterge ve g\u00fcvenilir bir piyasa fiyat\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131,<\/p>\n

\u2022 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gerek ulusal do\u011fal gaz iletim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m altyap\u0131s\u0131 gerekse \u00fclke topraklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli transit do\u011fal gaz boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, yeni enterkonekt\u00f6r hatlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, LNG ithalat terminalleri ve do\u011fal gaz depolama kapasitesinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda artan do\u011falgaz talebi, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011falgaz ithalat\u0131n\u0131n gelecek y\u0131llarda ciddi oranda artacak olmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli enerji ticaret merkezlerinden olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecektir. Bununla birlikte yukar\u0131da yer alan temel ve piyasa gereklilikleri ile ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, TANAP gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli projelerin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gerekli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede artmas\u0131 enerji merkezi hedefini ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi kadar b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer rakiplerinin de \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Burada ise b\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleriyle i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcvenin tesis edilmesi ile gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in Kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r oyuncular\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015f d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yararlan\u0131lan Kaynak:<\/em>
\nHazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Enerji ve Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi, Y\u00f6netici Bilgi Notu, 2015 (39).<\/em>
\nHaz\u0131rlayanlar: Dr. Efgan Nifti, Dr. R\u00fc\u00e7han Kaya, Emin Akhundzada, Emin Emrah Dan\u0131\u015f,<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Hazar Strateji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Enerji ve Ekonomi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Y\u00f6netici Bilgi Notu, Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netici, b\u00fcrokrat, karar al\u0131c\u0131 ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46,53],"tags":[1192,2132,23391,92,226,19761,2092,2677,884,23392,63,18286,112,67,1009,23393,2698,165,1010,2298,1023,23394,2297,846,1022],"views":1037,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40138"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40140,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40138\/revisions\/40140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}