{"id":38557,"date":"2015-04-23T13:31:24","date_gmt":"2015-04-23T10:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=38557"},"modified":"2015-04-23T13:31:24","modified_gmt":"2015-04-23T10:31:24","slug":"turkiye-enerji-kaynaginda-cografyasini-hat-zenginligi-ile-kullaniyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/turkiye-enerji-kaynaginda-cografyasini-hat-zenginligi-ile-kullaniyor\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) T\u00fcrkiye Enerji Kayna\u011f\u0131nda , Co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 Hat Zenginli\u011fi \u0130le Kullan\u0131yor!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Enerji kayna\u011f\u0131nda fakir olan T\u00fcrkiye, co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 hat zenginli\u011fi ile kullan\u0131yor. Orta Asya ve Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra do\u011falgazda d\u00fcnyaya T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye, ba\u015fta TANAP olmak \u00fczere yeni hatlar i\u00e7in de giri\u015fimlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya haritas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcze koydu\u011funuzda, T\u00fcrkiye co\u011frafi olarak her anlamda bir ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131 olarak dikk\"enerji-kaynaginda-turkiye-cografyasini-hat-zenginligi-ile-kullaniyor\"<\/a>atinizi \u00e7ekecektir.<\/span>\u00a0Kara ve deniz yolu ticaretinde Avrupa- Asya-Afrika \u00fc\u00e7lemesinin bulu\u015ftu\u011fu nokta olan T\u00fcrkiye deniz ve kara ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hava trafi\u011finde de \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip. Son d\u00f6nemde ula\u015f\u0131mdaki bu g\u00fczergah yap\u0131s\u0131 ise enerjiyi de i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015f durumda. Zengin Orta Asya ve Ortado\u011fu enerji hatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7an en \u00f6nemli liman konumunda yer alan T\u00fcrkiye, pe\u015f pe\u015fe imzalanan anla\u015fmalarla enerjinin k\u00fcresel anlamdaki en \u00f6nemli k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc konomuna y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n

PETROL\u00dcN VANASIYIZ<\/strong><\/p>\n

Son 30 y\u0131lda T\u00fcrkiye haritas\u0131 art\u0131k do\u011falgaz ve petrol borular\u0131yla d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015f bir \u00fclke haline geldi. Ba\u015fta Avrupa olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n enerji ihtiyac\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ge\u00e7en hatlarla besleniyor. Bu durum enerji fakiri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi hat zengini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7evirmi\u015f durumda. \u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi uluslararas\u0131 arenada daha fazla s\u00f6z sahibi yapan hatlar ve \u00f6zellikleri:<\/p>\n

Irak-T\u00fcrkiye Petrol Boru Hatt\u0131:<\/h2>\n

Kerk\u00fck-Yumurtal\u0131k hatt\u0131 olarak bilinen Irak- T\u00fcrkiye Ham Petrol Boru Hatt\u0131 Sistemi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ilk uluslararas\u0131 enerji projesi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Irak\u2019\u0131n Kerk\u00fck ve di\u011fer \u00fcretim sahalar\u0131ndan elde edilen ham petrol Ceyhan Deniz Terminali\u2019ne bu hatla ula\u015f\u0131yor. 1975 antla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re 35 milyon ton y\u0131ll\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesine sahip olan s\u00f6z konusu boru hatt\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131nda 3, Irak topraklar\u0131nda 2 adet olmak \u00fczere toplam 5 pompa istasyonu ile 1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk tanker y\u00fcklemesi 1977\u2019nin May\u0131s ay\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen hat, 1983-84 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Birinci Tevsi Projesi ile T\u00fcrkiye kesimine 3, Irak kesimine 2 adet olmak \u00fczere toplam 5 adet daha yeni pompa istasyonu in\u015fa edilerek hatt\u0131n kapasitesi 46.5 milyon tona y\u00fckseldi. 1986-88 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ikinci tevsi yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla y\u0131ll\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesi 70.9 milyon tona ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birinci hatt\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011fu olan 986 kilometrenin 641\u2019i T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den geri kalan 345 kilometrelik k\u0131sm\u0131 Irak\u2019tan ge\u00e7iyor. \u0130kinci hatt\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu ise 890 kilometre. Bunun 656 kilometrelik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye, geri kalan 234 kilometrelik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise Irak olu\u015fturuyor. Hatt\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011fu ise bin 876 kilometre. Bin 297 kilometrelik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n

Bak\u00fc-Tiflis-Ceyhan Boru Hatt\u0131:<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi petrolde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karak ikinci proje olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Bak\u00fc Bak\u00fc-Tiflis-Ceyhan Hampetrol Boru Hatt\u0131 Projesi\u2019nin tarihi ise asl\u0131nda 1980\u2019li y\u0131llara dayan\u0131yor. Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 enerji koridorunun ilk aya\u011f\u0131 olarak Azerbaycan\u2019da Bak\u00fc \u015eanga\u00e7al Terminali\u2019nden ba\u015flayarak, G\u00fcrcistan \u00fczerinden, Akdeniz\u2019de Ceyhan Terminali\u2019ne ula\u015fan y\u0131lda 50 milyon ton kapasitesi bulunan hat, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Ramco adl\u0131 \u0130ngiliz petrol \u015firketinin temsilcisi olan Steve Remp\u2019in Bak\u00fc\u2019ye ziyaretiyle ilk kez g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan Devlet Petrol \u015eirketi 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Remp\u2019ten Azeri petrollerinin Bat\u0131\u2019ya pazarlanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015firketleriyle temaslarda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Remp \u00f6ncelikle British Petroleum (BP) ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu. Hemen 1991 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cAmoco\u201d isimli bir di\u011fer petrol devi de devreye girdi.<\/p>\n

Ancak 1991 Temmuz ay\u0131nda Amoco firmas\u0131 Azeri isimli petrol sahas\u0131yla ilgili haklar\u0131 kazand\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l 30 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Azerbaycan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. 1992 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru; ADP\u015e, BOTA\u015e, BP, Pennzoil ve Amoco aras\u0131nda, Bak\u00fc\u2019den G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n liman kenti Supsa\u2019ya, Rusya\u2019daki Novorosisk\u2019e ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ceyhan il\u00e7esine uzanmas\u0131 muhtemel \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 boru hatt\u0131 \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ba\u015flanmas\u0131 konusunda bir anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. Ya\u015fanan siyasi durumdan dolay\u0131 rafa kalkan proje merhum Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Haydar Aliyev taraf\u0131ndan 1994\u2019te tekrar g\u00fcndeme getirildi.<\/p>\n

Nisan 1999\u2019da Bak\u00fc-Supsa boru hatt\u0131 hizmete girdi. Kas\u0131m 1999\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc konferans\u0131nda T\u00fcrkmenistan, Azerbaycan, G\u00fcrcistan, Kazakistan ve T\u00fcrkiye , ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bill Clinton\u2019un da haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu imza t\u00f6reniyle bu hatt\u0131n arkas\u0131nda durduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar ve hatt\u0131n ismi Bak\u00fc- Tiflis-Ceyhan (BTC) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

Yine ayn konferansta, Bak\u00fc\u2019den Erzurum\u2019a uzanacak olan bir do\u011falgaz hatt\u0131 konusunda da anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. Bu hatla Azerbaycan\u2019a ait \u015eahdeniz b\u00f6lgesinden do\u011falgaz ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 planland\u0131. Bu konferans\u0131n ard\u0131ndan BTC hatt\u0131 ile ilgili konularda bir h\u0131zlanma ya\u015fand\u0131. 17 Eyl\u00fcl 2002\u2019de Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n Sanga\u00e7al y\u00f6resinde ilgili devletlerin ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir temel atma t\u00f6reni yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1.768 km uzunlu\u011fundaki boru hatt\u0131, 3 Haziran 2006\u2019da hizmete girdi. 9 y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131na petrol sevkiyat\u0131na ba\u015flayan hattan ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar 280 milyon ton ham petrol ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Bu da yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.1 milyar varil anlam\u0131na geliyor. 9 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde Ceyhan\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nan petrol, 2 bin 793 tankerle d\u00fcnya piyasalar\u0131na g\u00f6nderildi. Sadece 2014\u2019te bu rakam 262 milyon varil oldu.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 gazla besliyoruz<\/h2>\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE-YUNAN\u0130STAN-\u0130TALYA DO\u011eALGAZ BORU HATTI<\/strong><\/p>\n

2007\u2019de i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nan T\u00fcrkiye-Yunanistan Do\u011fal Gaz Boru Hatt\u0131, BOTA\u015e\u2019\u0131n resmi sitesinde yer alan bilgilere g\u00f6re 2018\u2019de Yunanistan-\u0130talya ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131yla \u0130talya pazar\u0131na da ula\u015facak. Projede, 11.6 milyar metrek\u00fcp gaz Hazar kaynaklar\u0131ndan sa\u011flanarak T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden ta\u015f\u0131nacak. Projenin kara kesimi G\u00fcm\u00fclcine\u2019den (Komotini) Yunan Adriyatik k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na kadar 592 kilometre, deniz ge\u00e7i\u015fi kesimi ise 212 kilometre uzunlu\u011funda. Yat\u0131r\u0131m, Avrupa\u2019ya do\u011falgaz temin edecek \u00f6nemli projelerden biri.<\/p>\n

TRANS ANADOLU DO\u011eALGAZ BORU HATTI<\/strong><\/p>\n

BOTA\u015e do\u011falgaz iletim sistemi kullan\u0131larak Azeri gaz\u0131 Yunanistan veya Bulgaristan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan Avrupa\u2019ya ula\u015facak. BOTA\u015e, SOCAR ve BP aras\u0131ndaki Ortaklar Anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. TANAP\u2019ta SOCAR\u2019\u0131n pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 58, BP\u2019nin pay\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 12, BOTA\u015e\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczde 30\u2019luk hissesi var. Milli gelire 37 milyar dolarl\u0131k katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 beklenen projenin ilk etab\u0131nda Haziran 2018\u2019de 16 milyar metrek\u00fcp gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanacak. Bin 850 kilometrelik projeden T\u00fcrkiye ise 6 milyar metrek\u00fcp gaz alacak. Projeye \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n da hissedar olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

TRANS ADR\u0130YAT\u0130K DO\u011eALGAZ BORU HATTI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019ya gaz iletimi amac\u0131yla \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin EGL \u015eirketi taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen projenin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Selanik \u015fehri. Bu noktaya kadar T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n mevcut altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fclerek, Arnavutluk ve Adriyatik Denizi\u2019ni ge\u00e7erek \u0130talya\u2019ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. Projenin temel m\u00fchendislik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Mart 2007\u2019de tamamland\u0131. Detay m\u00fchendislik ve izinlere y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

IRAK-T\u00dcRK\u0130YE DO\u011eALGAZ BORU HATTI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Irak\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde yer alan do\u011fal gaz sahalar\u0131 i\u00e7in entegre bir proje olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma proje 1996\u2019da Irak ile imzalanan anla\u015fmalar ile g\u00fcndeme geldi. 2003\u2019da Irak\u2019 ta meydana gelen yeni siyasi geli\u015fmeler neticesinde BOTA\u015e, TPAO ve Shell ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015fland\u0131ktan sonra s\u00f6zkonusu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015firket aras\u0131nda 2008\u2019de Irak\u2019tan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye do\u011fal gaz ihracat\u0131 konusunda bir mutabakat zapt\u0131 imzalanarak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Irak-T\u00fcrkiye Gaz \u0130hra\u00e7 Projesi (ITGEP) ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. Mutabakat zapt\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u00b4deki do\u011fal gaz altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilerilerek do\u011falgaz\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya ihra\u00e7 edilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131mas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n

Haberin Devam\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0T\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z>>><\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynak: Sabah<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Enerji kayna\u011f\u0131nda fakir olan T\u00fcrkiye, co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 hat zenginli\u011fi ile kullan\u0131yor. Orta Asya ve Ortado\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra do\u011falgazda d\u00fcnyaya T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46,53,44],"tags":[9602,531,22527,4627,63,67,1009,22528,1714,2698,165,22529,22530,2297,3309,22531],"views":1229,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38557"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38557"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38559,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38557\/revisions\/38559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}