{"id":3820,"date":"2012-11-23T16:55:37","date_gmt":"2012-11-23T13:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=3820"},"modified":"2012-11-23T21:20:53","modified_gmt":"2012-11-23T18:20:53","slug":"tekstil-sektorunde-entegre-kirlilik-onleme-ve-kontrol-tebligi-yururluge-girmistir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/tekstil-sektorunde-entegre-kirlilik-onleme-ve-kontrol-tebligi-yururluge-girmistir\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u201cTekstil Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde Entegre Kirlilik \u00d6nleme ve Kontrol Tebli\u011fi\u201d, Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc faaliyetlerinin \u00e7evreye olabilecek olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi ve \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda suya, havaya ve topra\u011fa verilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emisyon, de\u015farj ve at\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen \u201cTekstil Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde Entegre Kirlilik \u00d6nleme ve Kontrol Tebli\u011fi\u201d, 14 aral\u0131k 2011 tarihinde resmi gazete de yay\u0131mlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"Buna g\u00f6re, kurulu kapasitesi 10 ton\/g\u00fcn \u00fczerinde olan y\u0131kama, a\u011f\u0131rtma, merserizasyon, ha\u015f\u0131llama, bask\u0131, ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme ve benzeri \u00f6n i\u015flem, boyama ve son i\u015flemlerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi tekstil tesisleri, tebli\u011f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olacakt\u0131r. s\u00f6z konusu tasla\u011fa www.resmigazete.gov.tr\/eskiler\/2011\/12\/20111214-6.htm<\/a> adresinden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

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\u0130lgili tebli\u011f detay\u0131\u00a0a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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14 Aral\u0131k 2011 \u00c7AR\u015eAMBA<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

Resm\u00ee Gazete<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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Say\u0131 : 28142<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

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TEBL\u0130\u011e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan:<\/span>TEKST\u0130L SEKT\u00d6R\u00dcNDE ENTEGRE K\u0130RL\u0130L\u0130K<\/span>\u00d6NLEME VE KONTROL TEBL\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/span>B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/span>Ama\u00e7 ve Kapsam, Hukuki Dayanak ve Tan\u0131mlar<\/span>Ama\u00e7 ve kapsam<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 1 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Bu Tebli\u011fin amac\u0131, tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc faaliyetlerinin \u00e7evreye olabilecek olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirilmesine, \u00e7evreyle uyumlu y\u00f6netiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda suya, havaya ve topra\u011fa verilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emisyon, de\u015farj ve at\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fc ile hammadde ve enerjinin etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ve temiz \u00fcretim teknolojilerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Kurulu kapasitesi 10 ton\/g\u00fcn \u00fczerinde olan y\u0131kama, a\u011fartma, merserizasyon, ha\u015f\u0131llama, bask\u0131, ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme ve benzeri \u00f6n i\u015flem, boyama ve son i\u015flemlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi tekstil tesisleri bu Tebli\u011f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dayanak<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 2 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Bu Tebli\u011f;<\/span><\/p>\n

a) 9\/8\/1983 tarihli ve 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre Kanununun 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi ile 29\/6\/2011 tarihli ve 644 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Te\u015fkilat ve G\u00f6revleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamenin 2, 8, 9 ve 33 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddeleri,<\/span><\/p>\n

b) 31\/12\/2004 tarihli ve 25687 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Su Kirlili\u011fi Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 4 ve 38 inci maddeleri,<\/span><\/p>\n

c) 5\/7\/2008 tarihli ve 26927 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan At\u0131k Y\u00f6netimi Genel Esaslar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 5 inci maddesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e7) 14\/3\/1991 tarihli ve 20814 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Kat\u0131 At\u0131klar\u0131n Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

d) 14\/3\/2005 tarihli ve 25755 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Tehlikeli At\u0131klar\u0131n Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 1, 5, 9, 15 ve 16 nc\u0131 maddeleri,<\/span><\/p>\n

e) 3\/7\/2009 tarihli ve 27277 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Sanayi Kaynakl\u0131 Hava Kirlili\u011finin Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 6 nc\u0131 maddesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

f) 26\/11\/2005 tarihli ve 26005 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan Tehlikeli Maddelerin Su ve \u00c7evresinde Neden Oldu\u011fu Kirlili\u011fin Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 5 inci maddesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tan\u0131mlar ve k\u0131saltmalar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 3 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Bu Tebli\u011fde ge\u00e7en;<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Azo boya: B\u00fcnyesinde azo grubu (-N = N -) bulunduran sentetik boyar maddeyi,<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Bakanl\u0131k: \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Biyokimyasal Oksijen \u0130htiyac\u0131 (BO\u0130): Suda bulunan organik maddelerin aerobik mikroorganizmalar taraf\u0131ndan oksitlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli oksijen miktar\u0131n\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e7) Flotte oran\u0131: Kesikli makinelerde toplam kuru mal ile toplam s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k\u00e7a oran\u0131n\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

d) F\/M oran\u0131: Biyolojik at\u0131ksu ar\u0131tma sistemlerinde birim mikroorganizma k\u00fctlesi ba\u015f\u0131na organik madde y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc,<\/span><\/p>\n

e) Geli\u015fme raporu: Tesislerin her y\u0131l haz\u0131rlayarak \u0130l \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sunacaklar\u0131, kendileri i\u00e7in uygulanabilir bulduklar\u0131 MET se\u00e7eneklerinin uygulanmas\u0131 sonucu sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 ilerlemeleri yans\u0131tacaklar\u0131, EK-5\u2019te verilmi\u015f format \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gereken raporu,<\/span><\/p>\n

f) Kimyasal oksijen ihtiyac\u0131 (KO\u0130): Bir su \u00f6rne\u011findeki organik ve oksitlenebilir inorganik bile\u015fikleri y\u00fckseltgemek i\u00e7in gerekli oksijen miktar\u0131n\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

g) Malzeme g\u00fcvenlik bilgi formu (MGBF): Kimyasal maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve depolanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fabilecek i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi risklerini ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ve kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 do\u011fru ve yeterli d\u00fczeyde bilgilendirmek amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanan, ilgili kimyasal maddelerin tehlike ve riskleri ile di\u011fer bilgileri i\u00e7eren dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u011f) Membran biyoreakt\u00f6r (MBR): Kat\u0131 madde ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n membranlarla sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, ask\u0131da k\u00fclt\u00fcr biyolojik ar\u0131tma sistemlerini,<\/span><\/p>\n

h) Mevcut en iyi teknikler (MET): Kirlili\u011fin ve b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki etkilerin \u00f6nlenmesi, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde de en aza indirilmesi amac\u0131yla tasarlanm\u0131\u015f emisyon\/de\u015farj s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerine prensipte temel sa\u011flamak \u00fczere belirli tekniklerin uygulanabilirli\u011fini g\u00f6steren, faaliyetlerin ve i\u015fletim y\u00f6ntemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki en etkin ve ileri a\u015famay\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0131) Mikrofiltrasyon (MF): Boyutu 20 nm\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck tanecikleri s\u0131v\u0131lardan ay\u0131ran membran ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini,<\/span><\/p>\n

i) MLSS: Aktif \u00e7amur tesisleri havaland\u0131rma tank\u0131nda s\u00fcspansiyon halinde kat\u0131 madde konsantrasyonunu,<\/span><\/p>\n

j) Nanofiltrasyon (NF): Molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ultrafiltrasyon ile ters osmoz aras\u0131nda (<1000 Dalton) olan membran ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini,<\/span><\/p>\n

k) Tekstil \u00fcreticisi: Kurulu kapasitesi 10 ton kuma\u015f\/g\u00fcn\u2019\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde olan \u00f6n i\u015fleme (y\u0131kama, a\u011fartma, pamuk parlatma i\u015flemleri) ve iplik veya kuma\u015f boyama yapan tesisleri,<\/span><\/p>\n

l) Temiz \u00fcretim: B\u00fct\u00fcnsel \u00f6nleyici bir \u00e7evre stratejisinin \u00fcr\u00fcn, hizmet ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine s\u00fcrekli olarak uygulanmas\u0131 ile insanlar ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki risklerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

m) Temiz \u00fcretim plan\u0131: Tesislerin her be\u015f y\u0131lda bir haz\u0131rlayacaklar\u0131; uygulamak zorunda olduklar\u0131 MET uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve uygulamaya karar verdikleri MET\u2019leri, temiz \u00fcretim hedeflerini ve ayr\u0131ca ana performans g\u00f6stergeleri cinsinden hedeflerini uygulama takvimi ve benzeri ara\u00e7lar ile birlikte beyan ettikleri, EK-4\u2019te verilen format \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gereken plan dok\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

n) Ters ozmoz (TO): \u00c7e\u015fitli molek\u00fcl ve iyonlar\u0131, bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131 ile s\u0131v\u0131 fazdan ay\u0131rabilen membran ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini,<\/span><\/p>\n

o) Tesis: 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (i) bendi kapsam\u0131nda \u00fcretim yapan tekstil kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00f6) Ultrafiltrasyon (UF): Molek\u00fcler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 1000-1000000 Da aras\u0131ndaki maddeleri s\u0131v\u0131dan ay\u0131ran membran ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini,<\/span><\/p>\n

p) Yetkilendirilmi\u015f \u00e7evre dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k firmas\u0131: 21\/11\/2008 tarihli ve 27061 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan \u00c7evre Denetimi Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7evre izin veya \u00e7evre izin ve lisans ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fvuru dosyas\u0131nda yer alacak bilgi, belge ve raporlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan ve\/veya haz\u0131rlatacak ve Bakanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bunlar\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011fundan sorumlu olan, yeterlik belgesi alm\u0131\u015f olan ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri,<\/span><\/p>\n

r) Y\u00fczey aktif maddeler: Y\u00fczeyde birikmeye e\u011filimi olan, suyun y\u00fczey gerilimini azaltan kimyasal maddeleri,<\/span><\/p>\n

ifade eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/span><\/p>\n

Uygulama Esaslar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Esaslar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 4 \u2013 <\/strong>(1) Bu Tebli\u011fin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen esaslar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

a) B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar\u0131n ortak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00e7evrenin, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00e7evre ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma ilkeleri do\u011frultusunda korunmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kirlili\u011fin kayna\u011f\u0131nda engellenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyet s\u0131ras\u0131nda do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n hammadde ve enerjinin verimli kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temiz \u00fcretim teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Meydana gelen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emisyon, de\u015farj ve at\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fumunu kayna\u011f\u0131nda azaltan ve geri kazan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00e7evre ile uyumlu teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e7) Herhangi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00e7evreye zarar vermeyecek veya en az zarar verecek \u015fekilde tasarlanarak imal edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Yeni kurulacak ve kapasite art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lacak tesisler i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00c7evresel Etki De\u011ferlendirmesi (\u00c7ED) s\u00fcrecinde, hammadde kullan\u0131m\u0131, do\u011fal kaynak ve enerji t\u00fcketimi konusunda de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00f6nceli\u011fin temiz \u00fcretim tekniklerine verilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

e) Tesisler taraf\u0131ndan verilen EK-1 ve EK-3\u2019te yer alan tesis i\u00e7i temiz \u00fcretim teknikleri ve EK-2\u2019de verilen boru sonu ar\u0131tma se\u00e7eneklerinden uygun olanlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

f) Haz\u0131rlanacak temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131nda her tesisin; birim \u00fcretim ba\u015f\u0131na su t\u00fcketimi, birim \u00fcretim ba\u015f\u0131na elektrik t\u00fcketimi, birim \u00fcretim ba\u015f\u0131na at\u0131ksu miktar\u0131, birim \u00fcretim ba\u015f\u0131na kirlilik y\u00fck\u00fc, birim \u00fcretim ba\u015f\u0131na hammadde t\u00fcketimi, birim \u00fcretim ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7amur miktar\u0131, hammadde de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve benzeri hususlara bu Tebli\u011fin eklerinde yer alan hedeflerle uyumlu, izlenebilir temiz \u00fcretim hedeflerine yer vermesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

g) Tesislerin temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131nda yer verdikleri temiz \u00fcretim hedeflerine ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bu Tebli\u011fde belirtilen s\u00fcreler i\u00e7erisinde sunacaklar\u0131 geli\u015fme raporlar\u0131nda ve bir sonraki temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131nda g\u00f6stermesi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6rev, Yetki ve Sorumluluklar<\/span><\/p>\n

Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 5 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Bu Tebli\u011fin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden kaynaklanan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emisyon, de\u015farj ve at\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7evreyle uyumlu bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netimini sa\u011flayan program ve politikalar\u0131 belirlemek,<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Bu Tebli\u011fin uygulanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve koordinasyonu sa\u011flamak,<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evreyle uyumlu bir \u015fekilde faaliyetini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik teknoloji ve y\u00f6netim sistemlerinin kurulmas\u0131nda ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Bakanl\u0131k gerek g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda; tesislerden, temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131nda yer alan hedeflerin y\u00fckseltilmesini isteyebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130l \u00e7evre ve \u015fehircilik m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 6 \u2013 <\/strong>(1) Bu Tebli\u011fin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin il \u00e7evre ve \u015fehircilik m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinin g\u00f6rev ve yetkileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

a) Tekstil \u00fcreticileri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan\/haz\u0131rlatt\u0131r\u0131lan temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131 onaylamak,<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Tekstil \u00fcreticileri taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan ve haz\u0131rlatt\u0131r\u0131lan temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak,<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Bu Tebli\u011fde belirlenen kapasiteler do\u011frultusunda haz\u0131rlanan temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve denetlemek,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e7) Haz\u0131rlanan temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131na ait geli\u015fme raporlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek ve uygulamalar\u0131 kontrol etmek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tekstil \u00fcreticilerinin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 7 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Tekstil \u00fcreticilerinin entegre kirlilik \u00f6nleme ve kontrol yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, gerek \u00fcretim gerekse her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emisyon, de\u015farj ve at\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00f6netimi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde bu Tebli\u011fin uygulanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

a) EK-1, EK-2 ve EK-3\u2019te yer alan uygulamalar do\u011frultusunda EK-4\u2019te format\u0131 verilen temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak\/haz\u0131rlatmak ve onaylatmak,<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emisyon, de\u015farj ve at\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak ve mevcut en iyi teknikleri uygulamak,<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Haz\u0131rlanan temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na ait geli\u015fme raporlar\u0131n\u0131, EK-5\u2019te verilen formata g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlamak ve il \u00e7evre ve \u015fehircilik m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine sunmak,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e7) Geli\u015fme raporlar\u0131nda sunacaklar\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc analiz ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yetkilendirilmi\u015f laboratuvarlarda yapt\u0131rmak,<\/span><\/p>\n

d) Temiz \u00fcretim teknikleri uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 bu Tebli\u011fde belirtilen usul ve esaslara g\u00f6re yapmak.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Bu Tebli\u011fin yay\u0131m tarihinden sonra s\u00f6z konusu Tebli\u011f kapsam\u0131na giren tesisler, \u00c7ED raporlar\u0131nda temiz \u00fcretim tekniklerine yer vererek, temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak onay i\u00e7in sunacaklar\u0131n\u0131 taahh\u00fct ederler.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/span><\/p>\n

Temiz \u00dcretim Plan\u0131 Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve Uygulanmas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Temiz \u00fcretim plan\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 8 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Temiz \u00fcretim plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve uygulanmas\u0131nda tesisler;<\/span><\/p>\n

a) EK-1\u2019de yer alan C.2.1.1 ya da C.2.1.2 nolu MET\u2019lerden birisini temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131nda sunmak,<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Bu Tebli\u011fin eklerinde yer alan; EK-1 A ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, EK-1 B ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, EK-1 C ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, EK-2 ve EK-3\u2019te s\u0131ralanan b\u00fct\u00fcn MET uygulamalar\u0131ndan, her bir ek ve ana ba\u015fl\u0131klar i\u00e7inden kendi tesislerine uygun olanlar\u0131 se\u00e7erek gerek\u00e7eleri ile birlikte temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131nda sunmak,<\/span><\/p>\n

c) Temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131, her \u00e7evre izni ba\u015fvurusunda revize ederek yeniden onaya sunup uygulamaya koymak,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00e7) Temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131n onaylanmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcteakip her y\u0131l geli\u015fme raporlar\u0131n\u0131 il \u00e7evre ve \u015fehircilik m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine sunmak,<\/span><\/p>\n

zorundad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Yeni kurulacak tesisler; 29\/4\/2009 tarihli ve 27214 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan \u00c7evre Kanununca Al\u0131nmas\u0131 Gereken \u0130zin ve Lisanslar Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131nda, \u00e7evre izni al\u0131nmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda yapacaklar\u0131 ba\u015fvuruda onayl\u0131 temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131 sunarlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

BE\u015e\u0130NC\u0130 B\u00d6L\u00dcM<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli ve Son H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/span><\/p>\n

Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k i\u015fleri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 9 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Bu Tebli\u011fde belirtilen i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri tekstil \u00fcreticisi, 12\/11\/2010 tarihli ve 27757 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan \u00c7evre G\u00f6revlisi ve \u00c7evre Dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k Firmalar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelikte belirlenen \u00e7evre dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k firmalar\u0131na ve\/veya \u00e7evre g\u00f6revlisine yapt\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130zleme ve denetim<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 10 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Bu Tebli\u011fe konu olan tesislerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan izlenme ve denetim programlar\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130dar\u00ee yapt\u0131r\u0131m<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 11 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Bu Tebli\u011f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini yerine getirmeyenlere 2872 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7evre Kanunu ve di\u011fer ilgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

GE\u00c7\u0130C\u0130 MADDE 1 \u2013<\/strong> (1) Mevcut tesisler, 31\/12\/2012 tarihine kadar, temiz \u00fcretim planlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak il \u00e7evre ve \u015fehircilik m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sunarlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) 8 inci maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (a) bendinde belirtilen MET\u2019lerin, mevcut tesisler taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in son tarih 31\/12\/2014\u2019t\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 12 \u2013 <\/strong>(1) Bu Tebli\u011f yay\u0131m\u0131 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00fcr\u00fctme<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

MADDE 13 \u2013 <\/strong>(1) Bu Tebli\u011f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakan\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekleri i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

EK 1. TES\u0130S \u0130\u00c7\u0130 MET UYGULAMALARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. A.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>GENEL UYGULAMALAR<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    A.1.<\/span> <\/strong>Tesis Y\u00f6netiminde MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    A.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7evre Y\u00f6netim Sistemi kurulmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7evre konusunda bilin\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim programlar\u0131na yer verilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcm madde girdilerini ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren, k\u00fctle dengelerine dayal\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k at\u0131k envanter raporlar\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dcretim prosesine ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm girdi ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 (hammadde, kimyasal, enerji, su, \u00fcr\u00fcn, at\u0131ksu, hava emisyonlar\u0131, \u00e7amur, kat\u0131 at\u0131k, tehlikeli at\u0131k ve yan \u00fcr\u00fcn) miktar ve nitelikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan izlenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bak\u0131m ve temizlik faaliyetlerinde daha iyi uygulamalar\u0131n benimsenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7evresel etkileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak, \u00fcretimde uygulanan re\u00e7etelerin optimize edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.7.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ekipmanlar\u0131n titre\u015fimini azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemler almak al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve duvarlarda ses izolasyonunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.8.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcm kimyasal maddeleri, Madde G\u00fcvenlik Veri K\u0131lavuzlar\u0131’nda verilen talimatlara g\u00f6re saklanmas\u0131 ve depolanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.1.9.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fcm kimyasal d\u00f6k\u00fclmelerine engel olunmas\u0131, d\u00f6k\u00fclme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiyse sahan\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve temizlenmesi, kimyasal d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin al\u0131c\u0131 ortama ve kanalizasyon sistemine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.2.<\/span> <\/strong>\u00a0Al\u0131nabilecek Genel \u00d6nlemler Niteli\u011findeki MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    A.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimyasallar\u0131n dozlanmas\u0131nda (boyalar hari\u00e7) MET; otomatik dozlama ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemleri kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimyasallar\u0131n se\u00e7imi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131nda MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.2.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimyasal kullan\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcretimin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu durumlarda, kimyasal kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

    A.2.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimyasal kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart oldu\u011fu durumlarda, en az risk ta\u015f\u0131yan kimyasal\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.2.2.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Y\u00fczey aktif madde kullan\u0131m\u0131nda; alkilfenol etoksilatlar ve di\u011fer tehlikeli maddeler yerine, biyolojik olarak kolay ayr\u0131\u015fabilir y\u00fczey aktif maddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

    A.2.2.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kompleks olu\u015fturucu madde kullan\u0131m\u0131nda; <\/span><\/p>\n

    A.2.2.4.1.<\/span> \u00d6n terbiye ve boyama i\u015flemlerinde; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tedbirlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak kompleks olu\u015fturucu maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi veya azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 Yumu\u015fak su kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 A\u011fartmadan \u00f6nce kuma\u015ftan demirin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak kuru proses uygulanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 Asidik demineralizasyon veya tehlikeli olmayan indirgen maddeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kuma\u015fdan demir giderilmesidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      A.2.2.4.2.<\/span> Hidrojen peroksitin optimum \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda uygulanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

      A.2.2.4.3.<\/span> Biyolojik olarak kolay ayr\u0131\u015fabilir kompleks olu\u015fturucu maddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

      A.2.2.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00f6p\u00fck \u00f6nleyici madde kullan\u0131m\u0131nda; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015flemlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak k\u00f6p\u00fck \u00f6nleyici maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi veya azalt\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 Flottenin kuma\u015f hareketi ile \u00e7alkalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde flottesiz air-jetlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 Banyo i\u00e7eri\u011finin tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 Biyolojik olarak kolay ayr\u0131\u015fabilir ve mineral ya\u011f i\u00e7ermeyen k\u00f6p\u00fck \u00f6nleyici maddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.3.<\/span> <\/strong>Kullan\u0131lan Elyaf Hammaddelerinin Se\u00e7iminde MET; <\/strong>\u00dcretim proseslerinde hammadde olarak kullan\u0131lan elyaf\u0131n daha \u00f6nce ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi \u00fcretim a\u015famalar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7evresel etkilerinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve en az \u00e7evresel etkiye sahip olan\u0131n tercih edilmesidir. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

        A.4.<\/span> <\/strong>Su ve Enerji Y\u00f6netimi I\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

        A.4.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su ve enerji t\u00fcketiminin kontrol edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makinalarda su debisi kontrol cihazlar\u0131 ve otomatik kapatma vanalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kesikli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makinalarda, banyo hacmi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in otomatik donan\u0131m kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su ve enerji israf\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in, \u00fcretim prosed\u00fcrlerinin d\u00f6k\u00fcmante edilmi\u015f halde bulundurulmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dcretimde zaman optimizasyonunun uygulanmas\u0131, t\u00fcm i\u015flemlerin en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitecek \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Farkl\u0131 i\u015flemleri tek ad\u0131mda birle\u015ftirme olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.7.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kesikli proseslerde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck flotte oranl\u0131 makinalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.8.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Az girdili s\u00fcrekli proseslerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.9.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Y\u0131kama veriminin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.10.So\u011futma sular\u0131n\u0131n proses suyu olarak (ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0131s\u0131 geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 da sa\u011flayarak) tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.11.Ayr\u0131k at\u0131ksu ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n karakterizasyonu ile su\/madde geri kazan\u0131m ve tekrar kullan\u0131m imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi, <\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.12.Buhar kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in, makinalarda tam buhar izolasyonu yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.13.Enerji kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n en aza indirilmesi i\u00e7in, boru, vana, tank ve makinalar\u0131n izolasyonunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.14.Buhar kondensatlar\u0131n\u0131n tekrar kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi uygulamalarla kazan dairelerinin optimize edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.15.At\u0131k gaz ve at\u0131ksulardan at\u0131k \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

        A.4.16.Frekans kontroll\u00fc elektrik motorlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. B.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00c7E\u015e\u0130TL\u0130 TEKST\u0130L \u00dcRET\u0130M PROSESLER\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N UYGULAMALAR<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          B.1.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/strong>Y\u00fcn (Yapak) Y\u0131kama<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          B.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Su ile Y\u00fcn Y\u0131kama i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.1.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ham y\u00fcn elyaf\u0131 se\u00e7iminin A.3\u2019de (kullan\u0131lan elyaf ham maddelerinin se\u00e7imi) verilen \u015fartlar uyar\u0131nca yap\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

          B.1.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alkilfenol etoksilat i\u00e7eren y\u00fczey aktif maddeler yerine alkol etoksilat veya di\u011fer biyolojik olarak kolay ayr\u0131\u015fabilir y\u00fczey aktif maddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.1.1.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Y\u00fcksek kapasiteli kir uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma\/ya\u011f geri kazan\u0131m devrelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, [Su t\u00fcketim de\u011ferleri: orta ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli fabrikalar (y\u0131lda 15.000 ton yapak yapak i\u015fleyen) i\u00e7in 2-4 l su\/kg ham y\u00fcn, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli fabrikalar i\u00e7in ise 6 l su \/kg ham y\u00fcn] (Y\u0131kanan ham y\u00fcndeki ya\u011f\u0131n % 25-30’u geri kazan\u0131labilir.)<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.1.1.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enerji t\u00fcketiminin 4-4,5 MJ\/kg ham y\u00fcn (3,5 MJ\/kg termal enerji + 1 MJ\/kg elektrik enerjisi) d\u00fczeyine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ile y\u00fcn y\u0131kama i\u00e7in MET; al\u0131c\u0131 ortama s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 ve ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n en aza indirilmesi amac\u0131yla t\u00fcm \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/strong>Terbiye ve Hal\u0131 Sanayileri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00d6n Terbiye<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          B.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6n Terbiye \u0130\u015flemleri i\u00e7in MET; \u00f6rg\u00fc kayganla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n (lubrikantlar\u0131n\u0131n) kuma\u015ftan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda;<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015flenmek \u00fczere madeni ya\u011f esasl\u0131 kayganla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar yerine, biyolojik olarak ayr\u0131\u015fabilir nitelikli ve su bazl\u0131 kayganla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilmi\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fc kuma\u015flar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, <\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Termofiksaj i\u015fleminin y\u0131kama \u00f6ncesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ve ram\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131kan hava emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u011flar\u0131n ayr\u0131 olarak toplanmas\u0131na ve enerji geri kazan\u0131m\u0131na izin veren kuru elektrofiltrasyon sistemleri ile i\u015fleme tabi tutulmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.1.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler ile suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeyen ya\u011flar\u0131n giderilmesi, <\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.1.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kal\u0131c\u0131 kirleticilerin i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ileri oksidasyon prosesleriyle) bozunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ha\u015f\u0131l S\u00f6kme i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Az girdili teknikler kullan\u0131larak, verimli y\u0131kama sistemleriyle \u00fcretilmi\u015f, biyolojik ayr\u0131\u015fabilirli\u011fi y\u00fcksek maddelerle ha\u015f\u0131llanm\u0131\u015f hammaddelerin se\u00e7ilmesi, <\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol edilemedi\u011fi durumlarda oksidasyonla ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme i\u015fleminin uygulanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.2.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme\/y\u0131kama ve a\u011fartman\u0131n tek bir ad\u0131mda birle\u015ftirilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.2.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ha\u015f\u0131l maddelerinin uygun y\u00f6ntemler ile geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u011fartma i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.3.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hidrojen peroksit stabilizat\u00f6rlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 en aza indiren veya biyolojik ayr\u0131\u015fabilirli\u011fi y\u00fcksek kompleks olu\u015fturucu maddelerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknikler ile hidrojen peroksit a\u011fartmas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.3.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tek ba\u015f\u0131na hidrojen peroksit ile a\u011fart\u0131lamayan keten ve sak elyaf\u0131n a\u011fart\u0131lmas\u0131nda sodyum klorit kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, iki ad\u0131ml\u0131 hidrojen peroksit-klor dioksit a\u011fartmas\u0131 tercih edilmesi (elementel klor i\u00e7ermeyen klor dioksit kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r),<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.3.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sodyum hipoklorit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, sadece y\u00fcksek beyazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n istendi\u011fi durumlar ve k\u0131r\u0131lgan ve depolimerizasyona u\u011frayabilen kuma\u015flarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Merserizasyon i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

          B.2.4.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen uygulamalardan bir tanesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Merserizasyon durulama suyundaki alkalinin geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n
          • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alkali i\u00e7eren at\u0131ksular\u0131n di\u011fer \u00f6n i\u015flemlerinde tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            Boyama<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

            B.2.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama i\u00e7in genel olarak uygulanacak MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.5.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elyafa y\u00fcksek oranda tutunabilen boyalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.5.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyalar\u0131n elyafa y\u00fcksek oranda tutunabilmesini engellemeyecek yard\u0131mc\u0131 kimyasallar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131;<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.5.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boya form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n dozlanmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda; boya say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, trikromatik sistemlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile) ve otomatik dozlama ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r (sadece seyrek olarak kullan\u0131lan boyalar i\u00e7in manuel sistemler kullan\u0131labilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kesikli boyama i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.6.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n en aza indirilmesi i\u00e7in otomatik kontrol mekanizmal\u0131 ekipman ve iyi bir izolasyon sisteminin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.6.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015flenecek lot b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerine en uygun olan makinelerin se\u00e7ilmesi, <\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.6.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yeni makinelerin se\u00e7iminde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck veya \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck flotte oran\u0131; i\u015flem flottesi ile y\u0131kama flottelerinin ayr\u0131labilmeleri; flottenin maldan, i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda ayr\u0131labilmesi gibi \u00f6zelliklerin aranmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.6.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ta\u015far y\u0131kama y\u00f6ntemi yerine, doldur bo\u015falt sistemlerin uygulanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.6.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Durulama suyunun bir sonraki boyamada tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.6.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Teknik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan durumlarda boya banyosunun tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.7.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00fcrekli boyama i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.7.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konsantre flotte kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde azalt\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.7.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Az girdili proseslerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve emdirme ile boyama teknikleri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda emdirme teknesinin hacminin en aza indirilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.7.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimyasallar\u0131n ayr\u0131 hatlarla on-line olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulamadan hemen \u00f6nce kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemlerinin benimsenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.7.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Emdirme flottelerinin dozlanmas\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f sistemlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.7.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ters ak\u0131ml\u0131 y\u0131kaman\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.7.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elyafta kalan kirli suyun bir sonraki y\u0131kama ad\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde elyafdan s\u0131kma silindirleri ve benzeri ekipman kullan\u0131larak al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.8.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Poliester ve poliester kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n dispers boyalarla boyanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.8.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tehlikeli ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

            B.2.8.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemleri uygulayarak sodyum ditiyonit kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131: <\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 Sodyum ditiyonit yerine s\u00fclfinik asit t\u00fcrevileri esasl\u0131 indirgen maddeleri kullanmak,<\/span><\/li>\n
            • \u00a7<\/span>\u00a0 \u0130ndirgenme yerine, alkali ortamda hidrolitik solubilizasyon ile temizlenebilen dispers boyalar\u0131 kullanmak,<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B.2.8.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biyolojik ayr\u0131\u015fabilirli\u011fi y\u00fcksek, dispergat\u00f6rler i\u00e7eren optimize edilmi\u015f boya form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.9.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc boyalarla boyama i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.9.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Konvansiyonel toz ve s\u0131v\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc boyalar yerine, k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eri\u011fi %1’den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6n-indirgenmi\u015f s\u0131v\u0131 boya form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 veya stabilize edilmi\u015f \u00f6n-indirgenmemi\u015f k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7ermeyen boyarmaddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.9.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sodyum s\u00fclf\u00fcr yerine \u00f6ncelikle k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7ermeyen indirgen maddelerin veya sodyum ditiyonitin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.9.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sadece boyarmaddenin indirgenmesi i\u00e7in gerekti\u011fi d\u00fczeyde indirgen maddenin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, makine i\u00e7indeki flotteden ve havadan oksijenin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in azot kullan\u0131lmas\u0131),<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.9.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oksidan olarak hidrojen peroksidin tercih edilmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.10.<\/span> Reaktif boyalarla kesikli boyama i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.10.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elyafa y\u00fcksek oranda tutunabilen ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tuz gerektiren reaktif boyalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.10.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama sonras\u0131ndaki durulama ve n\u00f6tralizasyon ad\u0131mlar\u0131nda, s\u0131cak durulama uygulayarak ve enerjiyi geri kazanarak, y\u00fczey aktif madde ve kompleks olu\u015fturucu maddelerin kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.11.<\/span> Reaktif boyalarla pad-batch (so\u011fuk bekletme) y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re boyama i\u00e7in MET; \u00dcre kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 ve silikat i\u00e7ermeyen fiksaj y\u00f6ntemlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.12.<\/span> Y\u00fcnl\u00fclerin boyanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.12.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Krom i\u00e7eren boyalar yerine reaktif boyalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck krom i\u00e7eren boyalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.12.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Metal kompleks boyalarla boyamada a\u011f\u0131r metallerin at\u0131ksuya kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n minimize edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.12.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Asit ve bazik boyalarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen boyamalarda pH kontrol metodlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

              Bask\u0131 Boyama<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

              B.2.13.<\/span> Bask\u0131 boyama i\u00e7in genel olarak uygulanacak MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.13.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rotasyon bask\u0131da, bask\u0131 pat\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.13.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Temizleme i\u015flemlerinde su t\u00fcketiminin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.13.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00fcz kuma\u015flar\u0131n k\u0131sa metrajl\u0131 (100 m’ den daha az) \u00fcretimleri i\u00e7in dijital ink-jet bask\u0131 makinelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.13.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hal\u0131 ve hacimli kuma\u015flar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in dijital bask\u0131 makinelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

              \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

              B.2.14.<\/span> Reaktif bask\u0131lar i\u00e7in MET; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen uygulamalardan bir tanesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u00fcre kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kontroll\u00fc nem ilavesi ile tek ad\u0131mI\u0131 bask\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi,<\/span><\/li>\n
              • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130ki ad\u0131ml\u0131 bask\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                B.2.15.<\/span> Pigment bask\u0131lar i\u00e7in MET; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da verilen ko\u015fullara uygun bask\u0131 patlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck u\u00e7ucu organik karbon emisyonlu (emisyon de\u011feri < 0,4 g Org.-C\/kg tekstil),<\/span><\/li>\n
                • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alkil fenol etoksilat (APEO) i\u00e7ermeyen ve y\u00fcksek biyolojik ayr\u0131\u015fabilirli\u011fe sahip,<\/span><\/li>\n
                • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f amonyak i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip (emisyon de\u011feri: 0,6 g NH3\/kg tekstil).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Son \u0130\u015flemler<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                  B.2.16.<\/span> Son i\u015flemler i\u00e7in genel olarak uygulanacak MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.16.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00f6p\u00fck, p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme gibi uygulama teknikleri ile at\u0131ksu olu\u015fumunun en aza indirilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.16.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yal\u0131t\u0131m, enerji geri kazan\u0131m\u0131, mekanik \u00f6n kurutma cihazlar\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle ram\u00f6zlerdeki enerji t\u00fcketiminin en aza indirilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.16.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck hava emisyonlu optimize edilmi\u015f re\u00e7etelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.17.<\/span> Kolay bak\u0131m i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in MET; <\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.17.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hal\u0131 \u00fcretiminde formaldehit i\u00e7ermeyen \u00e7apraz-ba\u011f olu\u015fturucu maddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.17.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Formaldehit i\u00e7ermeyen veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczey formaldehitli (form\u00fclasyonda < % 0,1 formaldehit i\u00e7eren) \u00e7apraz ba\u011f olu\u015fturucu maddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.18.<\/span> G\u00fcve-yemezlik i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in genel MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.18.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uygun malzeme haz\u0131rlama prosed\u00fcrlerinin adapte edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.18.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lan kimyasal\u0131n % 98 verimle elyafa ge\u00e7mesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                  B.2.18.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131lan kimyasal, bir boya banyosunda uygulan\u0131yor ise:<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015flem sonunda pH<4,5 olmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse, ha\u015ferelere kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan kimyasal\u0131n ayr\u0131 bir ad\u0131mda uygulanmas\u0131 ve flottenin tekrar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ta\u015fma sonucu d\u00f6k\u00fclmelerin engellenmesi,<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • \u00b7<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama i\u015fleminde ha\u015ferelere kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu maddenin lifler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 geciktirmeyen ve engellemeyen boyama yard\u0131mc\u0131 maddelerinin se\u00e7ilmesidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                    B.2.19.<\/span> Yumu\u015fatma i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in MET; yumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kesikli boyama makinelerinde uygulanmas\u0131 <\/em>yerine, fulardlarda veya daha iyisi p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme ya da k\u00f6p\u00fck sistemleriyle uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                    Y\u0131kama<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                    B.2.20.<\/span> Y\u0131kama i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in genel olarak uygulanacak MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

                    B.2.20.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ta\u015f\u0131rarak y\u0131kama\/durulama yerine, doldur-bo\u015falt y\u0131kama veya ak\u0131ll\u0131 durulama tekniklerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                    B.2.20.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00fcrekli i\u015flemlerde su ve enerji t\u00fcketimini y\u00fcksek verimli y\u0131kama makinalar\u0131 kullanarak ve enerji geri kazan\u0131m ekipman\u0131lar\u0131 ile azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/span><\/p>\n

                    B.2.20.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Halojenli organik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerin kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda tamamen kapal\u0131 devre ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                    B.2.20.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nisbeten temiz y\u0131kama\/durulama kaynakl\u0131 at\u0131ksular\u0131n temizlik ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. C.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>AYRIK ATIKSULAR, ATIKLAR \u0130\u00c7\u0130N UYGULAMALAR<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      C.1.<\/span> <\/strong>Boyama At\u0131ksular\u0131\/At\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      C.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 At\u0131k Boyama Banyosu \u00c7\u00f6zeltisi i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 At\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyamada yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 (Boyama banyosu at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n boyama sonras\u0131 y\u0131kama at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, at\u0131k boyama banyosunun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir. Boyama banyosunun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131yla at\u0131ksu debisinde, BO\u0130 ve KO\u0130 y\u00fcklerinde \u00f6nemli d\u00fczeyde azalma sa\u011flanabilmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda bu y\u00f6ntemle, boyama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n da geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir),<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama banyosunun depolanmas\u0131 (Banyo \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, bir tankta ya da ikinci bir boyama makinas\u0131nda depolan\u0131r. O esnada bo\u015falt\u0131lan boyama makina y\u0131kamas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Boya banyosu yan hatta kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilebilir. Y\u0131kamas\u0131 biten hatta, banyo \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi yeniden pompalan\u0131r.),<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.1.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Boyama banyosundaki boya ve kimyasal eksiklerinin giderilmesi ve yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r (Boyama banyosunda bir bulan\u0131kl\u0131k mevcutsa da \u00f6ncelikle ekstraksiyon ile (\u00f6rne\u011fin toluen kullan\u0131larak) bulan\u0131kl\u0131k giderilir. Daha sonra eksilen boya ve kimyasallar eklenir. Farkl\u0131 banyo \u00e7\u00f6zeltileri\u00a0 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 boyama banyosu iyile\u015ftirme y\u00f6ntemleri geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekebilir<\/em>).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama At\u0131ksular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemlerle ar\u0131t\u0131m sonras\u0131 geri kullan\u0131md\u0131r (<\/span>Ar\u0131tma sonras\u0131 boyama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle, boyama sonras\u0131 y\u0131kama at\u0131ksular\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kat\u0131 konsantrasyonu 3500 mg\/l\u2019den 5000 – 6000 mg\/l\u2019ye azalabilmektedir<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama sonras\u0131 y\u0131kama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131\u0131n membran filtrasyon ile geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 (Boyama banyosu at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n nanofiltrasyon\/ters ozmoz\u00a0 ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 7-10 bar\u2019l\u0131k bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131 ile ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu, % 65-70 mertebesinde yeniden kullan\u0131labilir s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc suyu \u00fcretilebilmektedir. S\u0131cak olan boyama banyosu at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan elde edilen s\u0131cak s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc suyu, boyama sonras\u0131 y\u0131kamada yeniden kullan\u0131labilmektedir<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama sonras\u0131 y\u0131kama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n adsorpsiyon ile geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 (Boyama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n (\u00f6zellikle ilk y\u0131kama at\u0131ksular\u0131) aktif karbon ile ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu yolla organik bile\u015fenlerin etkin gideriminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Aktif karbon kolonlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7irilen at\u0131ksuyun tuz i\u00e7eri\u011fi\u00a0 (yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 g\/l) de\u011fi\u015fmemekte, at\u0131ksu parlak ve renksiz bir forma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, banyo \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi haz\u0131rlamakta kullan\u0131labilmektedir. S\u0131cak at\u0131ksular\u0131n aktif karbondan ge\u00e7irilebiliyor olmas\u0131, enerji tasarrufu da sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.2.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme ile ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 (<\/strong>Pamuklu tekstil imalat\u0131ndan kaynaklanan boyama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme ile geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0 Aluminyum s\u00fclfat, katyonik organik polielektrolit ve \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozda anyonik polieletrolitin birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda en iy sonu\u00e7 al\u0131nabilmektedir.\u00a0 Bu proses ile y\u00fcksek (>% 90) renk giderimi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck KO\u0130\u00a0 giderimi (% 40-50) elde edilebilmektedir. Elde edilen suyun, de\u011fi\u015fik ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131labilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Bu metot, y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f kat\u0131 madde, s\u0131cakl\u0131k, deterjan ve KO\u0130 i\u00e7eri\u011finden olumsuz etkilenmektedir<\/em>). <\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.1.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Boyama sonras\u0131 son y\u0131kama tank\u0131 at\u0131ksuyu i\u00e7in MET; at\u0131ksuyun boyamada kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r (Boyama sonras\u0131 uygulanan son y\u0131kamadan gelen at\u0131ksular, nispeten temiz olduklar\u0131ndan, boyama banyosu haz\u0131rlamada kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      C.2.<\/span> <\/strong>Terbiye At\u0131ksular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      C.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemlerle kostik geri kazan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.2.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terbiye at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan buharla\u015ft\u0131rma ile kostik geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 (Buharla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminde; \u00f6ncelikle d\u00f6ner filtreler ya da bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 mikro-filtrasyon ile iri tanecikler ayr\u0131lmal\u0131 ve daha sonra \u0131s\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 ile buharla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Buharla\u015ft\u0131rmada, genellikle 3-a\u015famal\u0131 buharla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Elde edilen konsantre kostik, \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme veya hidrojen peroksit ilavesi gibi tekniklerle safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakta, rengi giderilmektedir<\/em>). <\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.2.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terbiye at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan membran filtrasyon ile kostik geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 (Y\u00fcksek pH \u2018ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 membranlar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 nanofiltrasyon\/ters ozmoz s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ile kostik i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00fcksek s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc suyu (yakla\u015f\u0131k % 6 NaOH) elde edilmesi ve elde edilen s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc suyunun buharla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluyla konsantre edilerek istenen kostik i\u00e7eri\u011fine (% 18-25) getirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terbiye at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer proseslerde yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r (Y\u00fcksek pH de\u011ferine sahip at\u0131ksular\u0131n, \u00e7e\u015fitli tekstil \u00f6n i\u015flem s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kullan\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.2.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Terbiye at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fck\/sitrik asit yerine alternatif yollar ile n\u00f6tralizasyonu<\/span>dur <\/span>(Y\u00fcksek pH\u2019l\u0131 terbiye at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n n\u00f6tralizasyonu i\u00e7in CO<\/span>2 <\/span><\/sub>kullan\u0131m\u0131 daha iyi bir alternatiftir. \u00d6zellikle s\u0131v\u0131 karbondioksit kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7evre i\u00e7in toksisite riski ta\u015f\u0131yan di\u011fer t\u00fcm kimyasallar\u0131n yerine rahatl\u0131kla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Terbiye i\u015flemleri sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan y\u0131kamalardan kaynaklanan y\u00fcksek pH\u2019l\u0131 sular\u0131n\u00a0 ar\u0131tma \u00f6ncesi n\u00f6tralize etmek i\u00e7in \u2013varsa- kojenerasyon \u00fcnitesinden \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131k CO<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub> gaz\u0131 ile asidifikasyonu m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu sistem i\u00e7in, kojenerasyondan at\u0131lan havan\u0131n CO2 i\u00e7eri\u011finin y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 gereklidir<\/span><\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.3.<\/span> <\/strong>Ha\u015f\u0131l S\u00f6kme At\u0131ksular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme at\u0131ksular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemlerle geri kazan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.3.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n oksidasyonu<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.3.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan membran filtrasyon ile ha\u015f\u0131l kimyasal\u0131n\u0131n geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 (P<\/em>olyvinyl alkol, polyacrylates, carboxymethyl cellulose ve ni\u015fasta gibi suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr ha\u015f\u0131l kimyasallar\u0131 y\u0131kama sular\u0131ndan ultrafiltrasyon ile geri kazan\u0131labilmektedir. S\u0131cak ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme at\u0131ksular\u0131 20-30 g\/l d\u00fczeyinde ha\u015f\u0131l kimyasal\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Ultrafiltrasyon ile 150-350 g\/l d\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labilen ultrafiltrasyon konsantresi ha\u015f\u0131llamada yeniden kullan\u0131labilir. Ultrafiltrasyondan gelen s\u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc suyu ise, y\u0131kamada yeniden kullan\u0131labilir. S\u0131cak ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme at\u0131ksular\u0131 so\u011futulmadan bu i\u015flem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebildi\u011finden, tekrar \u0131s\u0131tma gerekmemektedir. Bu proses, % 80-85 oran\u0131nda ha\u015f\u0131l kimyasal\u0131n\u0131n geri kazan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.<\/span> <\/strong>Genel Uygulamalar, Di\u011fer At\u0131k\/At\u0131ksular i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      C.4.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde KO\u0130 i\u00e7eren at\u0131ksular i\u00e7in MET; bu at\u0131ksular\u0131n ayr\u0131 toplanmas\u0131 ve ayr\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r (Ha\u015f\u0131l s\u00f6kme, boyama banyosu gibi i\u015flemlerden\/\u00fcnitelerden gelen y\u00fcksek KO\u0130 (>5000 mg\/l) i\u00e7eren at\u0131ksular 100 \u2013 130\u00b0C\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 bar bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda oksijen ile oksitlenebilir. Asidik ortamda, hidrogen peroksit ve demir (II)-tuzu ilavesiyele \u201cTermal Fenton Prosesi\u201d uygulanabilir. Bu prosesle \u00f6n ar\u0131tmadan ge\u00e7irilen y\u00fcksek KO\u0130\u2019li at\u0131ksular\u0131n daha sonra di\u011fer at\u0131ksularla birlikte ar\u0131t\u0131lmalar\u0131 durumunda, de\u015farj standartlar\u0131n\u0131n (renk, toksisite, KO\u0130) sa\u011flanabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir<\/em>).\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bask\u0131 boya \u00e7amuru i\u00e7in MET; \u00e7amurdan at\u0131ksu geri kazan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r <\/strong>(Koag\u00fclasyon\/\u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme \u00f6n ar\u0131tma a\u015famas\u0131nan sonra bask\u0131 boya \u00e7amuruna mikrofiltrasyon\/ultrafiltrasyon (polypropylene filtreler ile) uygulamas\u0131 ile su geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 (% 90 oran\u0131nda) m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Mikrofiltrasyon\/ultrafiltrasyon sonras\u0131 nanofiltrasyon uygulamas\u0131, bask\u0131 boyamada y\u0131kama suyu niteli\u011finde su sa\u011flayabilmektedir<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6n terbiye ve bitim i\u015flemleri at\u0131ksular\u0131 hari\u00e7 di\u011fer at\u0131ksular i\u00e7in MET; geri kazan\u0131md\u0131r (\u00d6n terbiye (hidrofille\u015ftirme ve a\u011fartma) ve bitim i\u015flemlerinden (emdirme flottesi at\u0131klar\u0131) gelen at\u0131ksular hari\u00e7, di\u011fer at\u0131ksular birle\u015ftirilerek ultrafiltrasyon+ nanofiltrasyon+ters ozmoz uygulamas\u0131 ile \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 So\u011futma sular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; geri kullan\u0131md\u0131r (\u00dcr\u00fcnle temas etmeyen so\u011futma sular\u0131n\u0131n, bir kapal\u0131 devre i\u00e7erisinde d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve kullan\u0131lan sular\u0131n bir depoy aaktar\u0131larak proses i\u00e7inde yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bask\u0131 boyama band\u0131 temizli\u011finden gelen y\u0131kama sular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; geri kullan\u0131md\u0131r (Hafif renkli ve i\u00e7eri\u011finde lif bulundurabilen bu at\u0131ksular\u0131n mekanik bir filtrasyon sonras\u0131 bir tankta toplanarak, ayn\u0131 proseste yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu pratik, \u00f6zellikle, temiz su ilavesinin az oldu\u011fu durumlarda ge\u00e7erli olup, % 70 oran\u0131nda su tasarrufu sa\u011flayabilir<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bask\u0131 boyama veya lateks i\u00e7eren (hal\u0131 sanayi) at\u0131ksular i\u00e7in MET; \u00f6n ar\u0131t\u0131md\u0131r (Pigment boya ya da lateks i\u00e7eren bu at\u0131ksular\u0131n, kimyasal \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme+ yumakla\u015ft\u0131rma ile \u00f6n ar\u0131t\u0131mdan ge\u00e7irilmesi ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7amurun yak\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/em>).\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.7.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Azo boyalar i\u00e7eren emdirme boyama at\u0131ksular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; aerobik ar\u0131tma \u00f6ncesi \u00f6n ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r (Azo boyalar i\u00e7eren emdirme boyama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n, aerobik boru sonu ar\u0131tma \u00f6ncesi anaerobik ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 etkin renk giderimi sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in uygundur<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.8.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 So\u011futma sular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; so\u011futma sular\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 toplanmas\u0131 ve geri kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r (Kuma\u015fla\/iplikle temas etmeyen so\u011futma sular\u0131 bir tankta toplan\u0131p, boyama, beyazlatma, y\u0131kama gibi s\u0131cak su gerektiren i\u015flemlerde kullan\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: kondenser-so\u011futma sular\u0131, e\u015fanj\u00f6r sular\u0131, kompress\u00f6rlerden gelen sular vb.<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                      C.4.9.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ya\u011f-gres i\u00e7eren y\u00fcn y\u0131kama at\u0131ksular\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; ya\u011f-gres i\u00e7eren y\u00fcn y\u0131kama at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n buharla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemiyle t\u00fcm\u00fcyle prosese geri \u00e7evrilmesi geri kalan \u00e7amurun yakma y\u00f6ntemi ile bertaraf edilmesidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n


                      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                      EK 2. TEKST\u0130L END\u00dcSTR\u0130S\u0130 ATIKSULARI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N BORU SONU MET UYGULAMALARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. D.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Tekstil End\u00fcstrisi At\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n Boru Sonu Ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve Tesis \u0130\u00e7i Geri Kullan\u0131m\u0131nda MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                        D.1.<\/span> Biyolojik ar\u0131tmad\u0131r (Aerobik ya da anaerobik biyolojik ar\u0131tma sistemleri ile tekstil end\u00fcstrisi at\u0131ksular\u0131ndaki kolay ve zor par\u00e7alanabilen organik maddelerin giderimi sa\u011flanabilir. Tekstil end\u00fcstrisi at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan biyolojik ar\u0131tma prosesleri aerobik aktif \u00e7amur prosesi ve anaerobik-aerobik s\u0131ral\u0131 ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k ar\u0131tma prosesleridir<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.2.<\/span> <\/strong>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck besin\/mikroorganizma (F\/M) oran\u0131na sahip aktif \u00e7amur sistemidir (<\/span>Tekstil end\u00fcstrisi at\u0131ksular\u0131 biyolojik olarak kolay par\u00e7alanabilen, biyolojik olarak zor par\u00e7alanan ve biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanamayan \u015feklinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilen bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik organik ve inorganik maddenin heterojen bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Klasik aktif \u00e7amur sistemlerinde, biyolojik olarak kolay par\u00e7alanabilen bile\u015fikler mineralize edilebilirken biyolojik olarak zor par\u00e7alanabilen bile\u015fikler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck F\/M oran\u0131nda (<0,15 kg BO\u0130<\/span>5<\/span><\/sub>\/kg MLSS.g\u00fcn) i\u015fletilen aktif \u00e7amur sistemlerinde mineralize edilebilirler. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck F\/M oran\u0131na sahip aktif \u00e7amur sistemlerinde %70-95 KO\u0130, %45-65 toplam karbon, %60-70 y\u00fczey aktif madde giderilebilir. Aerobik aktif \u00e7amur prosesleriyle tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan renk giderimi genel olarak <%50 seviyelerinde kalmaktad\u0131r). <\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

                        D.3.<\/span> Anaerobik ar\u0131tmad\u0131r (Y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonda boyar madde i\u00e7eren tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131 anaerobik olarak ar\u0131t\u0131labilmektedir. Azo boyar maddeleri, anaerobik \u015fartlarda tersinir olmayacak \u015fekilde par\u00e7alanabilmektedir. Bu da boyar maddelerin renginin kaybolmas\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte kalan aromatik bile\u015fikler hafif sar\u0131mt\u0131rak renk vermektedir. Anaerobik ar\u0131tma ile azo boyar maddelerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu rengin %90\u2019\u0131 giderilebilmektedir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.4.<\/span> Anaerobik-aerobik ar\u0131tma prosesidir. (Anaerobik ar\u0131tma<\/em> sonras\u0131nda suda kalan aromatik aminlerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in anaerobik prosesin devam\u0131nda aerobik proses uygulanabilir. Anaerobik-aerobik s\u0131ral\u0131 ar\u0131tma sistemi tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan KO\u0130 ve renk gideriminde etkili bir biyolojik ar\u0131tma prosesidir).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.5.<\/span> A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanan fizikokimyasal ar\u0131tma s\u00fcre\u00e7leridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.5.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koag\u00fclasyon\/flok\u00fclasyon (Boyar madde i\u00e7eren tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan renk gidermek i\u00e7in hem inorganik (al\u00fcm, kire\u00e7, magnezyum ve demir tuzlar\u0131) hem de organik (polimerler) koag\u00fclanlar, tek tek veya kombinasyonlar olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan boyalar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finden ve s\u0131k\u0131 renk de\u015farj limitleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden inorganik koag\u00fclanlarla yeterli sonu\u00e7lar elde edilememektedir. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda \u00e7amur olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 dezavantajd\u0131r. Organik polimerler daha iyi renk giderimi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7amur \u00fcretimi g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen koag\u00fclasyon\/flok\u00fclasyon sonucunda meydana gelen \u00e7amurun bertaraf\u0131nda olumsuz etkileri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Katyonik polimerler de renk gideriminde dispers, k\u00fcp ve s\u00fclf\u00fcr boyalar i\u00e7eren tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131nda etkili olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen reaktif, azo, asit ve bazik boyalar i\u00e7eren at\u0131ksulardan renk gidermede etkili de\u011fildirler. Fakat fosfor seviyesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.5.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flok\u00fclasyon\/\u00e7\u00f6kelme ile at\u0131ksuyun ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve olu\u015fan \u00e7amurun yak\u0131lmas\u0131 (Tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda flok\u00fclanlar\u0131n eklenmesinden sonra \u00e7\u00f6keltme ile renk ve KO\u0130 giderimi yap\u0131labilmektedir. KO\u0130 ve renk gideriminin maksimum olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in flok\u00fclanlar\u0131n \u00f6zel olarak se\u00e7ilmesi gereklidir. Bir\u00e7ok durumda en iyi ar\u0131tma performans\u0131 al\u00fcminyums\u00fclfat, katyonik organik polimer ve olduk\u00e7a az miktarda anyonik polimerin kombinasyonu ile sa\u011flanabilmektedir. Y\u00fcksek konsantrasyondaki (>500 mg\/l) s\u00fclfatlar betona zarar vermesine ra\u011fmen, klor\u00fcr yerine s\u00fclfat kullan\u0131m\u0131 tercih edilmektedir. S\u00fclfatlar\u0131n sudan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 klor\u00fcre k\u0131yasla daha kolayd\u0131r. \u00dcstelik s\u00fclfatlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 at\u0131ksulara ve yak\u0131larak yok edilecek \u00e7amura klor\u00fcr bile\u015fiklerin kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nlemektir. Flok\u00fclanlar\u0131n dozaj\u0131 (1000 mg\/l KO\u0130 de\u011ferindeki karma tekstil at\u0131ksuyu i\u00e7in) yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak al\u00fcminyums\u00fclfat: 400-600 mg\/l, katyonik organik polimer: 50-200 mg\/l, anyonik polimer: 1-2 mg\/l de\u011ferlerindedir. Bu ar\u0131tma sistemi ile %40-50 KO\u0130 ve %80-90 renk giderimi sa\u011flanabilmektedir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.5.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Adsorbsiyon prosesi (Aktif karbon tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle renk giderimi i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan adsorband\u0131r. Aktif karbon, at\u0131ksudaki organik bile\u015fenleri etkili \u015fekilde giderirken inorganikleri gidermemektedir. Kullan\u0131m sonras\u0131 aktif karbon doygunlu\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra rejenere edilip yeniden kullan\u0131labilir ya da bertaraf edilir. At\u0131k aktif karbonlardan organikler s\u00fcz\u00fclerek, ileride kirlilik problemine neden olabilece\u011fi i\u00e7in bertaraf\u0131 dikkatli yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer adsorbanlar silika, c\u00fcruf k\u00fcl\u00fc ve \u00e7e\u015fitli killer gibi inorganik adsorbanlard\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli ticari adsorbanlar, olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 \u00e7amurun bertaraf\u0131 problemli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen reaktif boya banyosundan olu\u015fan at\u0131ksulardaki rengin gideriminde etkilidirler. Biyoadsorbanlar, do\u011fal olu\u015fan polimerlerdir ve iyon de\u011fi\u015ftirici olarak kullan\u0131labildikleri gibi adsorpsiyona olanak tan\u0131yan yap\u0131ya da sahiptirler. Sentetik sel\u00fcloz biyoadsorbanlar da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar reaktif boyalardan kaynaklanan rengi gidermede umut verici sonu\u00e7lar g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.5.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oksidasyon\/ileri oksidasyon prosesleri (Oksidanlar (ozon, klor, klordioksit, permanganat, oksijen vb.) at\u0131ksu i\u00e7erisindeki organik k\u00f6kenli boyar maddeleri mineralize ederek ve\/veya k\u0131smen okside ederek KO\u0130 ve renk giderimi sa\u011flayabilmektedirler. Ayr\u0131ca ileri oksidasyon prosesleri (ozon+hidrojen peroksit, ultraviyole radyasyon+hidrojen peroksit, ultraviyole radyasyon+ozon, TiO2+ozon, Fenton reaktifi vb.), olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 hidroksil radikalleri (OH\u25cf) se\u00e7ici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hem KO\u0130 hem de renk gideriminde olduk\u00e7a ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ar\u0131tma prosesleridir. \u0130leri oksidasyon prosesleri ile tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan %80-90 verimle KO\u0130 ve %85-95 verimle renk giderimi sa\u011flanabilmektedir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.5.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Membran prosesleri (Tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 membran prosesleri mikrofiltrasyon (MF), ultrafiltrasyon (UF), nanofiltrasyon (NF) ve ters ozmozdur (TO). Genellikle NF ve TO renk, organik madde ve iletkenlik gideriminde ve su geri kazan\u0131m\u0131nda etkili proseslerdir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.5.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n membran prosesleri ile ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve geri kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 (Tekstil end\u00fcstrisinden kaynaklanan at\u0131ksular dengeleme ve n\u00f6tralizasyon i\u015flerini takiben s\u0131ras\u0131yla membran prosesleriyle ar\u0131t\u0131labilir ve TO ya da NF \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su direk tekstil end\u00fcstrisi \u00fcretim proseslerinde geri kullan\u0131labilir).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.6.<\/span> Membran biyoreakt\u00f6rlerle (MBR) ar\u0131tmad\u0131r (Aerobik biyolojik ar\u0131tma ve membran prosesinin kombinasyonundan olu\u015fan MBR sistemi ile y\u00fcksek derecede ve kompleks kirlili\u011fe sahip tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek verimle sa\u011flanabilmektedir. MBR sistemi ile karma tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k %75-90 KO\u0130 ve %60-90 renk giderimi sa\u011flanabilmektedir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.<\/span> A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da s\u0131ralanan birle\u015fik ar\u0131tma prosesleri ile ar\u0131tmad\u0131r (Tekstil end\u00fcstrisi at\u0131ksuyu kompleks ve de\u011fi\u015fken oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn at\u0131ksuyun ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda ve at\u0131ksuyun geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde tek bir ar\u0131tma tekni\u011finin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayabilir. Yukar\u0131da belirtilen ar\u0131tma tekniklerinden birden fazlas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131larak de\u015farj edilebilir\/geri kullan\u0131labilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Membran biyoreakt\u00f6r (MBR) + Nanofiltrasyon (NF) (Tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeniden geri kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in en iyi tekniklerden bir tanesi de MBR \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f suyunun NF prosesinde ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bile\u015fik membran konfig\u00fcrasyonu ile %90-98 KO\u0130 ve %95-99 renk giderimi sa\u011flanabilmekte ve NF \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su tesis i\u00e7erisinde geri kullan\u0131labilmektedir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 At\u0131ksular\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %60\u2019l\u0131k su geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 ile ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 (Aktif \u00e7amur+adsorpsiyon+\u00e7\u00f6kelme+flok\u00fclasyon\/presipitasyon\/flotasyon+kum filtrasyonu+ aktif karbon filtrasyonu+TO: Tekstil end\u00fcstrisinin t\u00fcm proseslerinden kaynaklanan karma at\u0131ksu dengeleme ve n\u00f6tralizasyon i\u015flemlerinden sonra aktif \u00e7amur prosesi ile biyolojik olarak ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben boyar maddelerin ve zor par\u00e7alanan ve par\u00e7alanamayan organik maddelerin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in linyit tozu ile (0,8-1,0 kg\/m3 doz) adsorpsiyon i\u015flemine tabi tutulabilir. Adsorpsiyon ve \u00e7\u00f6kelme i\u015fleminden sonra suda kalan linyit tanelerinin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in flok\u00fclan olarak al\u00fcminyum potasyum s\u00fclfat ve bir polielektrolit ilave edilerek \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme ve flotasyon i\u015flemi uygulanabilir. Bu i\u015flemlerin ard\u0131ndan suda kalan s\u00fcspansiyon haldeki kat\u0131lar\u0131 ve baz\u0131 organik bile\u015fikleri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 kum filtrasyonu uygulanabilir. Son olarak aktif karbon filtrelerden ge\u00e7irilen su ters ozmos i\u015flemi ile nihai olarak ar\u0131t\u0131labilir. Bu birle\u015fik ar\u0131tma ile tesis i\u00e7erisinde olu\u015fan at\u0131ksu ar\u0131t\u0131larak %60\u2019\u0131 yeniden tesis i\u00e7erisinde kullan\u0131labilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Koag\u00fclasyon\/flok\u00fclasyon\/\u00e7\u00f6kelme ve mikrofiltrasyon prosesleri ile ar\u0131tma (Tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131 i\u00e7indeki organik boyalar ve bile\u015fikler polial\u00fcminyumklor\u00fcr ya da polial\u00fcminyumfosfat ile koag\u00fclasyon ve flok\u00fclasyona tabi tutulabilir. \u00c7\u00f6kelme i\u015fleminden \u00e7\u0131kan sular mikrofiltrasyon ile ar\u0131t\u0131labilir. Bu ar\u0131tma kombinasyonundan elde edilen KO\u0130 giderim verimi %80-90 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olabilmektedir. Mikrofiltrasyon \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan al\u0131nan su tesis i\u00e7erisinde temizlik amac\u0131yla yeniden kullan\u0131labilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biyolojik ar\u0131tma \u00f6ncesi oksidasyon\/ileri oksidasyon uygulanmas\u0131 (Ama\u00e7 biyolojik olarak zor par\u00e7alanan veya par\u00e7alanamayan organik maddeleri oksidasyon\/ileri oksidasyon prosesleri ile biyolojik olarak kolay par\u00e7alanan organiklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ve m\u00fcteakip aerobik biyolojik ar\u0131tmada gidermektir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ozonlama+aktif \u00e7amur sistemi ile ar\u0131tmak (Tekstil at\u0131ksuyu i\u00e7erisindeki biyolojik olarak kolayca par\u00e7alanamayan kimyasal bile\u015fiklerin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 ve renk giderim veriminin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ozonlama ve aktif \u00e7amur beraber kullan\u0131labilir. Ozonlama ve aktif \u00e7amurun beraber kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ar\u0131tma sisteminde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f suyu KO\u0130 de\u011feri\u00a0 50 mg\/l\u2019ye kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biyolojik ar\u0131tma sonras\u0131 oksidasyon\/ileri oksidasyon uygulamas\u0131 (Ama\u00e7 biyolojik ar\u0131tma sonras\u0131 kalan ve biyolojik olarak zor par\u00e7alanan\/par\u00e7alanamayan organikleri mineralize etmek ve ilave renk giderimi sa\u011flamakt\u0131r).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.7.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aktif \u00e7amur sistemi+flok\u00fclasyon+\u00e7\u00f6kelme+ozonlama uygulamas\u0131 (Nitrifikasyon ve denitrifikasyon i\u015flemlerini de i\u00e7eren aktif \u00e7amur prosesi ile biyolojik ar\u0131tmadan sonra KO\u0130\u2019nin daha da azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in flok\u00fclasyon\/\u00e7\u00f6kelme (FeCl2 ve kire\u00e7) uygulan\u0131p, daha sonra da rengin ve y\u00fczey aktif maddelerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in ozon uygulanabilir. Bu sistemde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f KO\u0130 de\u011feri 50-100 mg\/l\u2019ye kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.8.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aktif \u00e7amur sistemi+koag\u00fclasyon+flok\u00fclasyon+\u00e7\u00f6kelme+toz aktif karbon uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r (Aktif \u00e7amur sisteminde, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck F\/M oran\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131nda ar\u0131tmada (A.1.1.) hem biyolojik olarak kolay par\u00e7alanabilen hem de zor par\u00e7alanan organiklerin ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanabilmektedir. Ancak, bu sistem biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanamayan inert organiklerin ar\u0131t\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli olmamaktad\u0131r. Biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanamayan inert organikler i\u00e7in, aktif \u00e7amur prosesine toz aktif karbon (TAK) uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131labilmektedir. Bu kombinasyonla ar\u0131t\u0131lan tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131ndan %80-95 KO\u0130 ve %85-95 renk giderimi elde edilebilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.9.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aktif \u00e7amur sistemi+flok\u00fclasyon\/\u00e7\u00f6kelme+kum filtresi uygulamas\u0131 (Aktif \u00e7amur prosesiyle biyolojik olarak ar\u0131tmay\u0131 takiben uygulanan flok\u00fclasyon\/\u00e7\u00f6kelme ile (FeCl2 ve kire\u00e7) ilave renk giderimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir ve daha sonra at\u0131ksu kum filtrelerinden ge\u00e7irilerek \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131t\u0131m uygulanabilir. Bu sistemde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f KO\u0130 de\u011feri 100 mg\/l\u2019ye kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.10.Aktif \u00e7amur sistemi+toz aktif karbon+kum filtresi uygulamas\u0131 (Aktif \u00e7amur prosesiyle toz aktif karbon uygulamas\u0131 ve kum filtresinden ge\u00e7irmek vas\u0131tas\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f suyu KO\u0130 de\u011feri 20 mg\/l de\u011ferlerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve iyi bir renk giderim verimi elde edilebilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.11.Biyolojik ve membran prosesleriyle ar\u0131tma (Tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131n\u0131n iyi derecede ar\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6zellikle ar\u0131t\u0131lan suyun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in biyolojik ar\u0131tmay\u0131 m\u00fcteakip membran prosesleri ile ar\u0131tma yap\u0131labilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.12.Aerobik ar\u0131tma ve nanofiltrasyon ile ar\u0131tma (Aerobik olarak aktif \u00e7amur prosesi ile \u00f6n ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131na nanofiltrasyon uygulamas\u0131 ile genellikle >%85 KO\u0130, >%90 renk ve yakla\u015f\u0131k %50 iletkenlik giderimi sa\u011flanabilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                        D.7.13.Anaerobik ar\u0131tma ve nanofiltrasyon ile ar\u0131tma (Anaerobik olarak \u00f6n ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tekstil at\u0131ksular\u0131na nanofiltrasyon uygulamas\u0131 ile genellikle >%85 KO\u0130, >%90 renk ve yakla\u015f\u0131k %50 iletkenlik giderimi sa\u011flanabilir). <\/span><\/p>\n


                        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                        EK 3.\u00a0 EM\u0130SYON VE ATIK Y\u00d6NET\u0130M\u0130 MET UYGULAMALARI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                        \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. E.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>GAZ EM\u0130SYONLARI<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          E.1.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/strong>Genel Uygulamalar <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          T\u00fcm tekstil \u00fcretim proseslerinden (tekstil hammaddelerinden, yard\u0131mc\u0131 madde ve kimyasallardan ve makinalardan) kaynaklanan fugitif emisyonlar i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hammadde ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 madde olarak daha az toksik ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyona yol a\u00e7an maddelerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enerji tasarrufu yoluyla yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminin ve kirletici emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          E.2.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00c7e\u015fitli Tekstil \u00dcretim Prosesleri \u0130\u00e7in Uygulamalar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          Buhar \u00dcretimi i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          E.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar kazanlar\u0131nda yumu\u015fak su devresinde bl\u00f6f yapmakt\u0131r (Yap\u0131lan bl\u00f6flerde her % 5 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ile yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminde %1-1,5 art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flanabilir). <\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kazan besleme suyunun ekonomizerde at\u0131kgaz \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r (Yak\u0131t maliyetlerinde % 1 azalma sa\u011flanabilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yanma havas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r (Yanma havas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile kazan veriminde %2 art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flanabilir).<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yakma h\u0131z\u0131 ve y\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimi kontrol\u00fc ile buhar kazanlar\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek verimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in br\u00fcl\u00f6r kapasitesinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r (%70-90 d\u00fczeyinde). (Kazan verimi optimize edilmelidir. Kazan y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmesi, kazan verimini olumsuz etkiler. Buhar depolamas\u0131 buhar ihtiyac\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fimlerin dengelenmesini sa\u011flar. Kazan yakma s\u00fcrelerinin ve kontrol sistemlerinin optimize edilmesi, kazan\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben baca klapelerinin de kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile so\u011fuk havan\u0131n kazan\u0131 so\u011futmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi, bir tek kazan yerine e\u015fde\u011fer kapasiteyi birden fazla kazan ile elde etmek kazan etkinli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r).<\/span><\/p>\n

                          Buhar Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in MET; <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          E.2.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u0131cak y\u00fczeylerin izole edilmesidir (\u0130zolasyon borulardan kaynaklanan \u0131s\u0131\u00a0 kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 %90 azalt\u0131r).<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemlerinde MET;<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.6.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar kapanlar\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonlar\u0131n tam olarak yapabilmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.6.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.6.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, prosesin istedi\u011fi minimum seviyelere indirilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.6.4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kazan\u0131n tam y\u00fck konumuna g\u00f6re optimize edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.6.5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u00e7 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fitirici y\u00fczey alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeterli hava sirk\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7in maksimize edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.6.6.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Buhar hatt\u0131ndaki vanalar\u0131n i\u015fletmede ilgili birimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcreler i\u00e7in kapat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.7.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Is\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiricilerin izolasyonudur (Is\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiricilerde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ak\u0131mlar\u0131ndan enerjinin giri\u015f suyuna aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda izolasyon uygulamas\u0131).<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.8.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tesis i\u00e7inde nem ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k i\u00e7in optimum ko\u015fullar belirlenerek a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 enerji t\u00fcketiminin engellenmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 Hava Sistemi i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          E.2.9.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n optimize edilmesi (Bas\u0131n\u00e7ta % 10\u2019luk azaltma y\u0131ll\u0131k kompres\u00f6r i\u015fletme maliyelerinde %5 tasaaruf imkan\u0131 verir),<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.10.<\/span> Hava ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.11.<\/span> Kompres\u00f6r kapasitesinin optimize edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.12.<\/span> Kompres\u00f6r kontrol sisteminin kurulmas\u0131 (Birden \u00e7ok kompres\u00f6r\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu i\u015fletmelerde kontrol sisteminin kurulmas\u0131 %5 ile % 20 aras\u0131nda tasaaruf imkan\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r),<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.13.<\/span> Giri\u015f havas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 4<\/span>\u2092<\/span><\/sup>C azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 (bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava \u00fcretim kapasitesini\u00a0 %1 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r),<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.14.<\/span> Kompres\u00f6r hacminin uygun \u015fekilde havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.15.<\/span> Hava giri\u015fine nem tutucu tak\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          So\u011futma Sistemi i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                          E.2.16.<\/span> So\u011futma y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 (S\u0131cak havalarda mekanlar\u0131n gereksiz so\u011futulmamas\u0131 ve s\u0131cak hava giri\u015finin engellenmesi ile enerji t\u00fcketimi azalt\u0131labilir),<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.17.<\/span> Yo\u011fu\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 (1<\/span>\u2092<\/span><\/sup>C azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k so\u011futma giderlerini %2-4 aras\u0131nda azaltmaktad\u0131r),<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.18.<\/span> Yo\u011fu\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kondenserde yo\u011fu\u015fmayan gaz olu\u015fumunun engellenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.19.<\/span> S\u0131v\u0131 so\u011futucu ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kondens\u00f6re giri\u015finin engellenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.20.<\/span> Kompres\u00f6r bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckselmesinin engellenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.21.<\/span> Kondens\u00f6r \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiricisinin t\u0131kanmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi, fan ve pompa ar\u0131zalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.22.<\/span> Evaporasyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi (Evaporasyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 1<\/span>\u2092<\/span><\/sup>C y\u00fckseltilmesi durumunda y\u0131ll\u0131k so\u011futma giderleri %2-4 aras\u0131nda azalmaktad\u0131r)<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.23.<\/span> Kompres\u00f6rlerin kontrol\u00fcd\u00fcr (Kompres\u00f6r kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi ile \u00f6nemli oranda i\u015fletme gideri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Uygun kontrolleri sa\u011flanmamas\u0131 durumunda i\u015fletme giderlerini %20 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r).<\/span><\/p>\n

                          Hava Kirlili\u011finin Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in MET;<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.24.<\/span> Solvent bazl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler yerine su bazl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.25.<\/span> Partik\u00fcl emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n, sulu y\u0131kama sistemleri kullan\u0131larak kontrol edilmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.26.<\/span> Buhar kazanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fletme optimizasyonu ile NOx ve SO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.27.<\/span> Toksik kimyasallar yerine MGBF bilgileri dikkate al\u0131narak e\u015fde\u011ferlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.28.<\/span> Hava Kirletici kaynaklar ve bunlar\u0131n emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.29.<\/span> \u00dcretim program\u0131n\u0131n toksik ve zararl\u0131 hava kirleticiler olu\u015fturmayacak \u015fekilde planlanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.30.<\/span> \u0130yi i\u015fletmecilik uygulamalar\u0131 ile kimyasal maddelerin d\u00f6k\u00fclmelerinin ve buharla\u015farak hava kirlenmesine yol a\u00e7malar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.31.<\/span> Emisyon kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                          E.2.32.<\/span> Emisyon kaynaklar\u0131nda yer alan u\u00e7ucu organik maddelerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma, sulu y\u0131kama ve termal yakma gibi y\u00f6ntemlerle kayna\u011f\u0131nda kontrol edilmesidir. <\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. F.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>ATIKLAR<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            F.1.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/strong>At\u0131ksu art\u0131ma tesislerinde olu\u015fan ar\u0131tma \u00e7amuru i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            F.1.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7amurun tu\u011fla yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                            F.1.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D\u00fczenli depolama sahalar\u0131nda depolanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                            F.1.3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Is\u0131 geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde, baca gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netmeliklerle uyumlu oldu\u011fu yakma tesislerinde bertaraf edilmesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Bask\u0131 Boya \u00c7amuru i\u00e7in MET<\/strong>; Bask\u0131 boya \u00e7amurunun geri kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r (Boyama i\u015flemi sonras\u0131, bask\u0131 boya \u00e7amurunun prosesin t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131ndan toplanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Modern bask\u0131 boyama makineleri b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7amur toplama \u00f6zelli\u011fi mevcuttur. Bu \u015fekilde, tehlikeli at\u0131k \u00fcretiminde, % 60 mertebesinde azalma sa\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            F.2.<\/span>\u00a0 <\/strong>Kat\u0131 At\u0131klar\u0131n Y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in MET;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            F.2.1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kat\u0131 at\u0131klar\u0131n ayr\u0131 toplanmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n

                            F.2.2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fck hacimli veya geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc konteyn\u0131rlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                             <\/p>\n

                            \n

                            EK 4. TEM\u0130Z \u00dcRET\u0130M PLANI\u00a0 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            TEM\u0130Z \u00dcRET\u0130M PLANI<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            HAZIRLAMA VE UYGULAMA<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            Bu formlar, firman\u0131z\u0131n temiz \u00fcretim plan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Bu plan; tesisiniz i\u00e7in uygulanabilir buldu\u011funuz mevcut en iyi \u00fcretim (MET) se\u00e7eneklerinin uygulanmas\u0131 sonucu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ilerlemeleri yans\u0131tmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncellenmelidir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \n\n\n\n\n\n
                            \n

                            Firma Ad\u0131:\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		_______________________________________<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \n

                            Tesis Ad\u0131 (firma ad\u0131ndan farkl\u0131ysa yaz\u0131n\u0131z):<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		_______________________________________<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \n

                            Tesis Adresi<\/strong>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		_____________________<\/span><\/span>____________<\/span><\/span>__________<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

                            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

                            \n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            \n

                            Plan\u0131 Sunan G\u00f6revlinin \u0130sim ve Soyad\u0131:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		_______________________________________<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \n

                            \u00dcnvan\u0131:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		_______________________________________<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \n

                            \u0130mza:\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		_______________________________________<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            \n

                            Tarih:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		_______________________________________<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                            <\/div>\n
                            Kaynak: Enerji Gazetesi<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n

                            <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Tekstil sekt\u00f6r\u00fc faaliyetlerinin \u00e7evreye olabilecek olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi ve \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda suya, havaya ve topra\u011fa verilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc emisyon, de\u015farj ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3821,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[1095,1094,1093,67,486,1096],"views":2023,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3820"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3820"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3824,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3820\/revisions\/3824"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}