{"id":37351,"date":"2015-03-17T17:21:39","date_gmt":"2015-03-17T14:21:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=37351"},"modified":"2015-03-17T17:21:39","modified_gmt":"2015-03-17T14:21:39","slug":"kacak-elektrik-ile-mucadele-uzerine-bir-degerlendirme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/kacak-elektrik-ile-mucadele-uzerine-bir-degerlendirme\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Ka\u00e7ak Elektrik \u0130le M\u00fccadele \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Son g\u00fcnlerde elektrik faturalar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak bedelinin iade edilece\u011fi haberleri ile birlikte bir anda g\u00f6zler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerine \u00e7evrilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek olan b\u00f6lgeler, abonelerin faturalar\u0131ndaki bedellerin sorumlusu konumuna d\u00fc\u015fmekte ve haks\u0131z bir vicdani yarg\u0131lama ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>\u00a0Hi\u00e7bir sorunun, ortam \u015fartlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmadan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fini unutmamak gerekir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

PwC olarak ka\u00e7ak elektrik ile m\u00fccadele hususunda son derece \u00f6nemli bir pozisyonda g\u00f6rev icra etmekteyiz. EPDK\u2019n\u0131n Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eirketlerin\"kacak-elektrik-ile-mucadele-uzerine-bir-degerlendirme\"<\/a>e y\u00f6nelik Ar-Ge projeleri i\u00e7erisinde \u201cElektrik Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eebekesinde Kay\u0131p ve Ka\u00e7ak Elektrik i\u00e7in \u00d6nleyici \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u201d projesi ile da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin d\u00fcnyadaki en iyi uygulamalar perspektifiyle konuyu ele almas\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmakta, ayn\u0131 anda devam eden saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 da raporumuza yans\u0131tmak \u00fczere takip etmekteyiz.<\/p>\n

Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131 nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak konusunun anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nce tan\u0131mlar\u0131n ve rakamlar\u0131n iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklidir. EPDK Elektrik Piyasas\u0131 2013 Y\u0131l\u0131 Piyasa Geli\u015fim Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin kay\u0131p ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131, \u00c7izelge-1\u2019de yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00c7izelge-2\u2019de ise TEDA\u015e 2013 T\u00fcrkiye elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve t\u00fcketim istatistikleri (Aral\u0131k 2014) raporuna g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin t\u00fcketim ve kay\u0131p miktarlar\u0131 incelenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eirketi<\/strong><\/td>\n2013 y\u0131l\u0131 Hedef (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n2013 Y\u0131l\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen (%)<\/strong><\/td>\nUygulama d\u00f6nemi sonu hedef (2015 sonu) (%)<\/strong><\/td>\nUygulama d\u00f6nemi hedefi-2013 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dicle<\/td>\n71,07<\/td>\n75,41<\/td>\n49,03<\/td>\n-26,38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vang\u00f6l\u00fc<\/td>\n52,10<\/td>\n65,84<\/td>\n35,94<\/td>\n-29,90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aras<\/td>\n25,70<\/td>\n27,58<\/td>\n17,73<\/td>\n-9,85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toroslar<\/td>\n11,80<\/td>\n15,24<\/td>\n10,72<\/td>\n-4,52<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak<\/td>\n9,41<\/td>\n11,47<\/td>\n8,78<\/td>\n-2,69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Akdeniz<\/td>\n8,05<\/td>\n11,32<\/td>\n8,02<\/td>\n-3,30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i<\/td>\n10,76<\/td>\n9,89<\/td>\n9,78<\/td>\n-0,11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gediz<\/td>\n7,70<\/td>\n9,73<\/td>\n7,00<\/td>\n-2,73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u0131rat<\/td>\n11,11<\/td>\n9,49<\/td>\n10,09<\/td>\n0,60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7oruh<\/td>\n10,15<\/td>\n9,42<\/td>\n10,15<\/td>\n0,73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ba\u015fkent<\/td>\n7,88<\/td>\n7,90<\/td>\n7,88<\/td>\n-0,02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Osmangazi<\/td>\n7,21<\/td>\n7,86<\/td>\n7,21<\/td>\n-0,65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aydem<\/td>\n8,90<\/td>\n7,61<\/td>\n8,09<\/td>\n0,48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ayeda\u015f<\/td>\n6,61<\/td>\n7,59<\/td>\n6,61<\/td>\n-0,98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7aml\u0131bel<\/td>\n7,02<\/td>\n7,58<\/td>\n6,92<\/td>\n-0,66<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Meram<\/td>\n8,28<\/td>\n7,14<\/td>\n8,28<\/td>\n1,14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uluda\u011f<\/td>\n6,90<\/td>\n7,03<\/td>\n6,90<\/td>\n-0,13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kayseri<\/td>\n10,01<\/td>\n6,85<\/td>\n10,01<\/td>\n3,16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Akeda\u015f<\/td>\n10,03<\/td>\n6,70<\/td>\n10,03<\/td>\n3,33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sakarya<\/td>\n6,96<\/td>\n6,64<\/td>\n6,33<\/td>\n-0,31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trakya<\/td>\n7,70<\/td>\n6,14<\/td>\n7,70<\/td>\n1,56<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00c7izelge-1 Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eirketleri kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131 (Kaynak: EPDK Elektrik Piyasas\u0131 2013 Y\u0131l\u0131 Piyasa Geli\u015fim Raporu)<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge-1\u2019e g\u00f6re kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oran\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan 6 b\u00f6lge, s\u0131ras\u0131yla Dicle, Vang\u00f6l\u00fc, Aras, Toroslar, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak ve Akdeniz EDA\u015e b\u00f6lgeleridir. \u0130lk s\u0131radaki Dicle EDA\u015e\u2019\u0131n kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oran\u0131, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in %75,41 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken son s\u0131radaki Trakya EDA\u015e\u2019\u0131n kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oran\u0131 %6,14 olmu\u015ftur. Bug\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin TEDA\u015e\u2019tan devir al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sahadaki ger\u00e7ek kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu ifade etmeleri bir yana, Dicle ve Vang\u00f6l\u00fc EDA\u015e\u2019tan 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oran\u0131nda beklenilen d\u00fczelme, %26,38 ve %29,90 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eirketi<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u00fcketim Miktar\u0131 (MWh)<\/strong><\/td>\nKay\u0131p enerji miktar\u0131 (MWh)<\/strong><\/td>\nToplam da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan enerji (MWh)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dicle<\/td>\n4.631.884<\/td>\n14.617.914<\/td>\n19.249.798<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vang\u00f6l\u00fc<\/td>\n1.377.523<\/td>\n2.426.365<\/td>\n3.803.888<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aras<\/td>\n1.831.053<\/td>\n1.054.355<\/td>\n2.885.408<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toroslar<\/td>\n15.342.159<\/td>\n2.107.533<\/td>\n17.449.692<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak<\/td>\n4.288.736<\/td>\n401.651<\/td>\n4.690.387<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Akdeniz<\/td>\n4.903.860<\/td>\n885.473<\/td>\n5.789.333<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i<\/td>\n16.320.606<\/td>\n2.364.754<\/td>\n18.685.360<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gediz<\/td>\n12.617.508<\/td>\n1.351.297<\/td>\n13.968.805<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F\u0131rat<\/td>\n2.270.452<\/td>\n314.104<\/td>\n2.584.556<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7oruh<\/td>\n2.529.244<\/td>\n314.627<\/td>\n2.843.871<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ba\u015fkent<\/td>\n10.319.702<\/td>\n1.080.560<\/td>\n11.400.262<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Osmangazi<\/td>\n4.835.466<\/td>\n461.814<\/td>\n5.297.280<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Aydem<\/td>\n5.907.573<\/td>\n570.065<\/td>\n6.477.638<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ayeda\u015f<\/td>\n7.237.921<\/td>\n816.482<\/td>\n8.054.403<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7aml\u0131bel<\/td>\n2.330.227<\/td>\n187.207<\/td>\n2.517.434<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Meram<\/td>\n6.161.262<\/td>\n537.537<\/td>\n6.698.799<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uluda\u011f<\/td>\n7.918.557<\/td>\n733.17<\/td>\n8.651.727<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kayseri<\/td>\n2.425.863<\/td>\n139.947<\/td>\n2.565.810<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Akeda\u015f<\/td>\n3.625.358<\/td>\n233.848<\/td>\n3.859.206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sakarya<\/td>\n7.880.294<\/td>\n567.089<\/td>\n8.447.383<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trakya<\/td>\n6.097.356<\/td>\n329.251<\/td>\n6.426.607<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toplam<\/td>\n130.852.604<\/td>\n31.495.043<\/td>\n162.347.647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00c7izelge-2 Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eirketleri t\u00fcketim ve kay\u0131p miktarlar\u0131 (Kaynak: TEDA\u015e 2013 T\u00fcrkiye elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve t\u00fcketim istatistikleri-Aral\u0131k 2014-ilk iki veri s\u00fctunu-1 nolu ba\u011flant\u0131 d\u00e2hil)<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge-2\u2019deki de\u011ferler incelendi\u011finde, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam 162 milyar kWh enerji da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bunun yakla\u015f\u0131k 31 milyar kWh\u2019i ka\u00e7ak enerjidir. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015febekesinde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan enerjinin be\u015fte biri kadar\u0131 kay\u0131pt\u0131r. Odaklan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken konu, bu kay\u0131p enerji miktar\u0131n\u0131n en aza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n

Tablolardaki veriler de\u011ferlendirilirken teknik ve mant\u0131ksal birka\u00e7 sorgulama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n

1- Teknik olarak \u201cKay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak\u201d ifadesi neyi tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r ve nas\u0131l hesaplanmaktad\u0131r?<\/p>\n

2- Bu tan\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inde tahsil edilemeyen enerji var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok yal\u0131n bir ifade ile da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketleri, b\u00f6lgelerinde t\u00fcketilen enerjiyi, iletim \u015firketinden sat\u0131n al\u0131rlar (da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m seviyesinden ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fcreticilerin \u00fcretimi hesaba kat\u0131lmaz ise). Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketi abonelerinin saya\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki de\u011ferlerin toplam\u0131 ile iletim \u015firketinin teslim etti\u011fi enerjinin aras\u0131ndaki fark, kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu de\u011fer, saya\u00e7 okumalar\u0131ndaki hatalar\u0131 i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi gibi okunmayan veya tahsil edilemeyen enerjiyi de i\u00e7ermemektedir. Oysa ki, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahsil edilemeyen bir enerji, \u201ckay\u0131p enerji\u201ddir ve tam olarak hesab\u0131 yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin \u00f6zelle\u015fti\u011fi d\u00f6nemde abone kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile ilgili problemlerin oldu\u011fu bilinmekte, abone kay\u0131t, faturalama, s\u00f6zle\u015fme, teminat ve saya\u00e7 y\u00f6netimi konular\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00f6zellikle son 2 y\u0131ld\u0131r projeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte ancak hala da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketleri, teslim ald\u0131klar\u0131 bu sistemleri do\u011fru kay\u0131tl\u0131 hale getirmekte g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Hal b\u00f6yle olunca bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketinin hesab\u0131n\u0131 yapmas\u0131 gereken as\u0131l kaynak olan tahsil edilen enerji verisi, a\u00e7\u0131klanan kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131nda yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cKay\u0131p\u201d ifadesi nas\u0131l g\u00fcncellenmelidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak terimini ele al\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve konuya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131, bir par\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kay\u0131plar, sat\u0131n al\u0131nan enerji ile tahsil edilen enerji aras\u0131ndaki parasal farkt\u0131r. Bu fark\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc teknik olarak hesab\u0131 yap\u0131lan, \u015febekenin teknik kapasitesi ile ilgili kay\u0131plard\u0131r. \u015eebeke yenileme faaliyetleri ile bu kay\u0131plar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 miktarda azalt\u0131labilir. Teknik olmayan kay\u0131plar ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ise, saya\u00e7 ve okuma hatalar\u0131, faturalama hatalar\u0131, tahsilat hatalar\u0131 ve tahsil edilemeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm bulunmaktad\u0131r. Fiziki olarak \u015febekeden kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan enerji de teknik olmayan kay\u0131p b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. \u0130ncelenen yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalarda, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler ve hesaplamalar, toplam teknik ve ticari kay\u0131plar (Aggregate Technical and Commercial Losses \u2013 AT&C Losses) \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lmakta ve hedefler bunlara g\u00f6re belirlenmektedir. Teknik olmayan kay\u0131plar, sosyal, ekonomik, co\u011frafi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bile\u015fenleri olan problemlere i\u015faret etmektedir ki makul d\u00fczeyin \u00fczerinde ka\u00e7ak elektrik kullan\u0131m\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerin hi\u00e7birinde teknik bir faaliyet g\u00f6steren da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na bunlarla m\u00fccadele etmesi beklenmemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge-3\u2019te toplam da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan enerjinin bar grafikle g\u00f6sterimi yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6sterimde g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan ilk husus, en \u00e7ok enerji da\u011f\u0131tan b\u00f6lgenin Dicle EDA\u015e olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Oysaki bu da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan bu enerjinin bedelini tahsil edememektedir. Tahsil edilemeyen enerjinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 hesaplanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya d\u00fczenleyici kurum taraf\u0131ndan tahsilat riskinin dikkate al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir. Odaklan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken as\u0131l konu, kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak y\u00fczdesi yerine kay\u0131p enerji miktar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tahsilat\u0131 yap\u0131lamayan, \u00fclke ekonomisine ve abonelere maliyet olarak \u00f6detilen bu miktar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in her abone ile tek tek ilgilenilmesi yerine enerjinin ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu yerlere odaklanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131, as\u0131l ama\u00e7 olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve d\u00fcnyadaki uygulamalar da bu y\u00f6ndedir.<\/p>\n

\"ka\u00e7ak<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7izelge-3 Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m b\u00f6lgelerinde toplam da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan enerji miktar\u0131 (MWh)<\/p>\n

Ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m su\u00e7 mudur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya\u2019daki uygulamalardan \u00f6nemli bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k da elektri\u011fin ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkemizde kanunen \u201csu\u00e7\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilmeyi\u015fidir. \u00dclkemizde \u201cusuls\u00fcz kullan\u0131m\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilen ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m, D\u00fcnya uygulamalar\u0131nda 1 ile 4 y\u0131l aras\u0131nda hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 ve ilave para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren, adi su\u00e7 mertebesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f mahkemelerin davalar\u0131 inceledi\u011fi bir su\u00e7tur. Bu su\u00e7 ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Orta-Avrupa \u00fclkesi olan Macaristan\u2019da RWE, E-ON, EDF gibi en b\u00fcy\u00fck enerji \u015firketleri elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Ka\u00e7ak elektrik kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n fakirlik kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden sosyal projeler ile devlet ve sosyal yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile projeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu projeler esnas\u0131nda hukuksal durumdan taviz verilmemi\u015f ve yasalar aynen uygulanm\u0131\u015f, ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m yapanlar cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019da teknik olmayan kay\u0131plar, abone kayd\u0131 olmayan t\u00fcketim kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r ve abone yap\u0131l\u0131p fatura g\u00f6nderilen ki\u015filerin yasalardan korkarak enerji bedelini \u00f6dedi\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Brezilya\u2019da sosyal mukavemetin \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu ve polisin dahi giremedi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin deste\u011fi ile d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sosyal projeler ile problemlere s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilen \u00fclkelerde ka\u00e7ak elektrik kullan\u0131m\u0131, bir su\u00e7tur, hapis ve para cezas\u0131na tabidir. Devlet deste\u011fi ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fc\u00e7leri her a\u015famada da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin arkas\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Brezilya\u2019da sorunlu b\u00f6lgelerde sosyal projeler yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kanuni zorunluluk bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye uygulamas\u0131nda ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m ile m\u00fccadele var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teknik olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin \u015febeke mimarisinin yukar\u0131da \u00f6rnek verilen \u00fclkelerden daha modern oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Hindistan\u2019da ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m, hatta kanca atmak \u015feklinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gerilim seviyesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken \u00fclkemizde orta gerilimden trakt\u00f6r \u00fcst\u00fc mobil trafo ile ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m s\u00f6z konusudur (bkz.\u015eekil-1).<\/p>\n

\"ka\u00e7ak<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eekil-1 \u015eanl\u0131urfa\u2019n\u0131n Hilvan il\u00e7esinde trakt\u00f6r r\u00f6morkunda mobil trafo ele ge\u00e7irildi (05.11.2014)<\/p>\n

Dicle EDA\u015e uygulamalar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, D\u00fcnya\u2019da pek de \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen profesyonellikte yap\u0131lan ka\u00e7aklara kar\u015f\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde benzeri bulunmayan nadide y\u00f6ntemler ile tedbirler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eekil-2\u2019de de\u011fi\u015fik tipte ka\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in mali imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131klara ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen farkl\u0131 tedbirler g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Teknik olarak sahadaki durum incelendi\u011finde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019daki benzer uygulamalardan daha geride oldu\u011fu kesinlikle s\u00f6ylenemez. Sosyal mukavemetin en \u00e7ok oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerden Brezilya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m b\u00f6lgelerinde adam ka\u00e7\u0131rma, yaralama gibi olaylara rastlanmazken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin ne yaz\u0131k ki her g\u00fcn tecr\u00fcbe etti\u011fi olaylar aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinde kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak ile m\u00fccadele, kesintiye u\u011frayarak devam ettirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"ka\u00e7ak3333333798798441\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eekil-2 Dicle EDA\u015e b\u00f6lgesinde ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m ile m\u00fccadelede al\u0131nan teknik \u00f6nlemlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

Hangi hususlarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sonras\u0131nda ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m ile m\u00fccadele edilebilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sahada hayati \u00f6nemde \u00fc\u00e7 husus \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm beklemektedir:<\/p>\n

1- Saha, homojen kabul edilemez. Her da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketinin sahas\u0131nda dahi sosyal, ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve teknik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 olan b\u00f6lgeler bulunmaktad\u0131r ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketleri aras\u0131nda ka\u00e7ak elektrik kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele konusunda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131rken ayn\u0131 kulvarda olmad\u0131klar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretilmelidir. Teknik olmayan problemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 kaynaklar \u00f6nerilmelidir.<\/p>\n

2- Yasal d\u00fczenlemeler olmadan \u00f6zel bir \u015firketin sahada ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m ile m\u00fccadele etmesi beklenmemelidir.<\/p>\n

3- D\u00fcnya\u2019daki ka\u00e7akla m\u00fccadele konusundaki en iyi uygulamalar\u0131n ortak noktas\u0131 Devlet\u2019in hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler ve t\u00fcm kurumlar\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerini destekliyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Belirtmi\u015f oldu\u011fumuz \u00fczere, resmi verilere g\u00f6re 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kay\u0131p enerji miktar\u0131 31 milyar kWh civar\u0131d\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca Dicle EDA\u015e i\u00e7in bu de\u011fer, 14,5 milyar kWh mertebesindedir. Vang\u00f6l\u00fc EDA\u015e i\u00e7in 2,5 milyar kWh, Aras EDA\u015e i\u00e7in 1 milyar kWh olan bu kay\u0131p, \u00fclke ekonomisi i\u00e7in ciddi bir y\u00fck olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu ekonomik maliyet unsurunu en aza indirebilmek amac\u0131yla sosyal, ekonomik, co\u011frafi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bile\u015fenleri olan ka\u00e7ak elektrikle m\u00fccadelede, en iyi D\u00fcnya uygulamalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi Devlet\u2019in hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler ve t\u00fcm kurumlar\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerine destek vermesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki d\u00fczenlemelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi sonras\u0131nda sahada iyile\u015fmeler somut olarak hayata ge\u00e7ebilecektir. Unutulmamas\u0131 gereken bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli husus da bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n s\u00fcrekli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fidir. \u00d6zellikle ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m\u0131n al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline geldi\u011fi ve \u00fcst d\u00fczey ka\u00e7ak y\u00f6ntemlerinin geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu sahada uzun soluklu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeli, anl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm beklentilerinin ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elektrik Piyasas\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nda ifade edilen ucuz, kaliteli, kesintisiz ve rekabet\u00e7i elektrik piyasas\u0131na kavu\u015fulmas\u0131, yukar\u0131daki bahsi ge\u00e7en engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Murat \u00c7olako\u011flu \/ PwC T\u00fcrkiye<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Son g\u00fcnlerde elektrik faturalar\u0131ndaki kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak bedelinin iade edilece\u011fi haberleri ile birlikte bir anda g\u00f6zler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerine \u00e7evrilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131 y\u00fcksek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51,53],"tags":[4420,18342,1079,4061,63,67,1009,2698,165,750,21942,498,16020,1216],"views":1242,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37351"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37351"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37353,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37351\/revisions\/37353"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}