{"id":34855,"date":"2014-12-28T01:37:21","date_gmt":"2014-12-27T22:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=34855"},"modified":"2014-12-28T01:37:21","modified_gmt":"2014-12-27T22:37:21","slug":"co2-emisyonu-uzerine-stratejik-bir-yaklasim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/co2-emisyonu-uzerine-stratejik-bir-yaklasim\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) CO2 Emisyonu \u00dczerine Stratejik Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131m!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Simon Kuznets 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada gelir d\u00fczeyi ile gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve ad\u0131 literat\u00fcre Kuznets E\u011frisi olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu ili\u015fkiyi k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir: Gelir d\u00fczeyi artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6nce gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi artar. Belirli bir gelir d\u00fczeyine ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra gelir d\u00fczeyi artmaya devam ettik\u00e7e gelir e\u015fitsizli\u011fi azalma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aralar\u0131ndaki bu ili\u015fki ters U(\u00e7an e\u011frisi) \u015feklindedir. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00e7evresel sorunlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131yla beraber gelir d\u00fczeyi ile \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi aras\u0131nda da Kuznets E\u011frisi\u2019ndeki gibi ayn\u0131 ili\u015fki g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve Panayotou(1993) bu ili\u015fkiye \u00c7evresel Kuznets E\u011frisi(\u00c7KE) ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.\"co2-emisyonu-uzerine-stratejik-bir-yaklasim\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda gelir d\u00fczeyi ile CO2 emisyonu her \u00fclkede ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermez. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00c7KE, N \u015feklinde \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CO2 emisyonunun temelinde fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fcretim-t\u00fcketim fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na ne kadar ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 ise ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ile CO2 aras\u0131ndaki korelasyon (ili\u015fki) ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve o denli y\u00fcksektir. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00c7evresel Kuznets E\u011frisini farkl\u0131 bir boyuttan ele al\u0131p incelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Az \u00f6ncede belirtti\u011fim \u00fczere \u00c7KE \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Peki bu bizim i\u00e7in ne ifade etmeli, veya buradan ne tip \u00e7\u0131karsamalar yapabilir? \u015eimdi analiz zaman\u0131!<\/p>\n

\u00c7KE \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 fark g\u00f6stermesinin temel sebeplerinden biri, \u00a0geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin \u00fcretimini daha \u00e7ok gelir getiren(gelir esnekli\u011fi y\u00fcksek ve karbon emisyon yo\u011funlu\u011fu az) s\u0131nai mallar \u00fcretip ihra\u00e7 yoluna giderken, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerden karbon emisyon yo\u011funlu\u011fu y\u00fcksek olan mallar\u0131 ithal etmeyi tercih etmesidir. Bu durumda asl\u0131nda karbon emisyon ticareti g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin lehine ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak gelir esnekli\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan mallar\u0131 ithal eden \u00fclke hem g\u00f6reli olarak fakirle\u015fir hem de \u00e7evre bozulmalar\u0131n\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ya\u015far.<\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler gelir esnekli\u011fi birden b\u00fcy\u00fck olan mallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde avantajl\u0131 duruma ge\u00e7mesinin nedenlerinden biri n\u00fcfus i\u00e7indeki okulla\u015fma(lisans) oran\u0131yla alakal\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00fcfus i\u00e7indeki okulla\u015fma oran\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, be\u015feri sermaye daha \u00e7ok hizmet ve bilgi yo\u011fun sekt\u00f6re ge\u00e7i\u015flerde bulunacak ve \u00fcretim daha az karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7eren mallar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde yo\u011funla\u015facakt\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclke, gelir esnekli\u011fi birden b\u00fcy\u00fck yani bilgi yo\u011fun \u00fcretimden kaynakl\u0131 temiz ve y\u00fcksek refah seviyesinde ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131 elde edebilecektir.<\/p>\n

Refah\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet t\u00fcketiminin yan\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 zamanda temiz hava t\u00fcketimi de \u00f6nemli rol oynayacakt\u0131r. Bu durumu dikkate al(a)mayan \u00fclkeler; ar-ge pay\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmayan yani bilgi yo\u011fun sekt\u00f6rden ziyade emek ve sermaye yo\u011fun teknikleri(klasik teknikleri) kullanarak \u00fcretim yapan bir yap\u0131da bulunacaklar\u0131ndan g\u00f6reli olarak refah seviyeleri azalacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc klasik teknik yap\u0131n\u0131n temel fakt\u00f6r girdisi enerji baz\u0131nda fosil kaynaklardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum klasik teknikle \u00fcretim yapan \u00fclkenin \u00fcretimini artt\u0131rabilmesi i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n t\u00fcketiminin artt\u0131rmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Do\u011fal olarak bu durumda karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 \u00fclkede \u00fcretimle beraber artacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla emek ve veya sermaye yo\u011fun yap\u0131da \u00fcretimin (Reel GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n) maliyeti karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu olay: \u00dclkeler aras\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc hava nas\u0131l payla\u015f\u0131lacak? sorusunu meydana getirmektedir. \u00a0Bu sorunun olas\u0131 ihtimalleri bir sonraki yaz\u0131mda\u2026<\/p>\n

Yazan: MEHMET TEK\u00c7E<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Simon Kuznets 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada gelir d\u00fczeyi ile gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve ad\u0131 literat\u00fcre Kuznets E\u011frisi olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34856,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[3104,20476,20477,63,67,3136,20338,20339,1009,165],"views":825,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34855"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34857,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34855\/revisions\/34857"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}