{"id":33508,"date":"2014-11-15T22:58:58","date_gmt":"2014-11-15T19:58:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=33508"},"modified":"2014-11-15T22:58:58","modified_gmt":"2014-11-15T19:58:58","slug":"enerji-politikalarinda-esasli-degisikliklere-ihtiyac-bulunmaktadir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/enerji-politikalarinda-esasli-degisikliklere-ihtiyac-bulunmaktadir\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Enerji Politikalar\u0131nda Esasl\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fikliklere \u0130htiya\u00e7 Bulunmaktad\u0131r…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fatih Birol, k\u00fcresel enerji politikalar\u0131nda gerekli de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde 2040 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 (IEA) 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 D\u00fcnya Enerji G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc raporunu yay\u0131nlad\u0131.\"enerji-politikalarinda-esasli-degisikliklere-ihtiyac-bulunmaktadir\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Raporun yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Londra\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda bir sunum yapan ajans\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 Fatih Birol bir kez daha enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00fczerindeki etkisine vurgu yaparken, enerji ve iklim alan\u0131nda gerekli politikalar\u0131n uygulanmamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok ciddi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

Fatih Birol konu\u015fmas\u0131nda k\u00fcresel karbondioksit sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 2,6 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ile 33 gigatona ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken, bu sal\u0131mlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n ise tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00c7in\u2019den kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini verdi.<\/p>\n

Bu durumun endi\u015fe verici oldu\u011funu ifade eden IEA Ba\u015fkan\u0131, ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in imzalad\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015fman\u0131n ise insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131\u00e7rama oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n

Fosil yak\u0131tlara te\u015fvik kirlilik ve verimsizlik i\u00e7in para harcamak demek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fosil yak\u0131tlar i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan te\u015fvikleri de endi\u015fe verici di\u011fer bir durum olarak niteleyen Birol, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 550 milyar dolarl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015fan bu uygulamay\u0131 kirlilik yaratma ve enerji verimsizli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yapmaya benzetirken, fosil yak\u0131tlara sa\u011flanan bu faydan\u0131n yenilenebilir enerji i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan te\u015fviklerin d\u00f6rt kat\u0131ndan fazla oldu\u011funun alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. IEA verilerine g\u00f6re 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya devletleri taraf\u0131ndan yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan te\u015fvik miktar\u0131 121 milyar dolar olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Enerji verimlili\u011fi alan\u0131ndaki uygulamalar\u0131n di\u011fer bir iyi haber oldu\u011funu da kaydeden IEA Ba\u015fkan\u0131, y\u0131llar s\u00fcren tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bu uygulamalar sayesinde ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki petrol talebinin d\u00fc\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu\u00a0\u00a0 da tespit ettiklerini de kaydetti. Birol yeni \u00fcretilen motorlu ara\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek yak\u0131t verimlili\u011fine sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131n ise bu durumdaki ana atkenlerden biri oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6zlerine ekledi.<\/p>\n

”Temiz enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u00f6rt kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131”<\/strong><\/p>\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte 400 milyar dolarl\u0131k temiz enerji yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini bildiren Fatih Birol, bu d\u00fczeyin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in ise yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti.<\/p>\n

Birol mevcut yat\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131 ile k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 3.6 derece artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bu \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir s\u0131n\u0131r olan 2 derecede tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in ise yenilenebilir enerji, enerji verimlili\u011fi, karbon depolama ve n\u00fckleer enerji gibi alanlarda her y\u0131l 1.5 trilyon dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fan\u0131n izin verdi\u011fi karbondioksit sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdiye kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatan Birol enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 e\u011filiminde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu b\u00fct\u00e7enin doldurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Birol bu b\u00fct\u00e7enin dolmas\u0131ndan sonra 2040 y\u0131l\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden farkl\u0131 hale getirece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar ve g\u00fcne\u015fin \u00fcretti\u011fi elektrik alt\u0131 kat artacak, te\u015fvikler ayn\u0131 kalacak<\/b><\/p>\n

IEA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel birincil enerji talebi y\u00fczde 37 oran\u0131nda artarken, elektrik talebi ise y\u00fczde 80 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterecek. 2012 sonu itibari ile 5.638 GW olan k\u00fcresel elektrik \u00fcretim kapasitesi ise 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 7.200 GW artacak.<\/p>\n

Yeni kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131 yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n olacak iken, enerji kaynaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve g\u00fcne\u015f bu art\u0131\u015fta a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 pay sahibi olacak. IEA \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi g\u00fcc\u00fc 1.320 GW, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi g\u00fcc\u00fc ise 930 GW art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterecek.<\/p>\n

2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam k\u00fcresel elektrik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 21\u2019ini sa\u011flayan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131, 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise ayn\u0131 \u00fcretimin y\u00fczde 33\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayacak.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar enerjisi ve g\u00fcne\u015f elektri\u011fi alan\u0131ndaki ilerlemeler ise bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan kamu desteklerinin pay\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6receli olarak gerilemesini sa\u011flayacak. IEA \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re r\u00fczgardan ve g\u00fcne\u015ften \u00fcretilen elektrik miktar\u0131 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda bug\u00fcne g\u00f6re 6 kat artacak iken, bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n kamu b\u00fct\u00e7elerinden sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 destek miktar\u0131 neredeyse bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ile e\u015fit durumda olacak.<\/p>\n

”N\u00fckleer at\u0131klar anahtar konu”<\/strong><\/p>\n

IEA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 itibari ile d\u00fcnyada toplam kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7leri 394 GW olan 434 n\u00fckleer enerji santrali devrede iken, bu santraller k\u00fcresel elektrik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 11\u2019ini kar\u015f\u0131lamakta.<\/p>\n

Bu santrallerden 200\u2019\u00fc gelecek 35 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini doldurduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kapat\u0131lacak iken, yeni devreye giren santraller ise n\u00fckleer enerjinin 2040 y\u0131l\u0131nda 624 GW\u2019l\u0131k toplam g\u00fcce ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak iken bu santrallerin toplam elektrik \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131 y\u00fczde 12\u2019de kalacak.<\/p>\n

Sunumunda n\u00fckleer enerji santrallerinde olu\u015fan at\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok ciddi bir sorun oldu\u011funa da dikkat \u00e7eken Birol, bu santrallerin faaliyetinden dolay\u0131 1971 ila 2040 aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan radyoaktif at\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131n 705.000 tona ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Bu at\u0131klar i\u00e7in \u015fimdiye kadar kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da hat\u0131rlatan Fatih Birol, bu konunun anahtar \u00f6neme sahip oldu\u011funu kaydetti.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte IEA hesaplamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re 2040\u2019a kadar devreden \u00e7\u0131kacak olan n\u00fckleer enerji santrallerinin kapat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti ise 100 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015facak.
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