{"id":32325,"date":"2014-10-11T13:31:08","date_gmt":"2014-10-11T10:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=32325"},"modified":"2014-10-11T13:32:15","modified_gmt":"2014-10-11T10:32:15","slug":"guc-uretimi-amacli-termonukleer-deney-reaktoru-iter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/guc-uretimi-amacli-termonukleer-deney-reaktoru-iter\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) G\u00fc\u00e7 \u00dcretimi Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Termon\u00fckleer Deney Reakt\u00f6r\u00fc ITER…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

G\u00fcne\u015fin yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, bilimsel d\u00fczeyde \u00e7evre dostu n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon (n\u00fckleer birle\u015fme \u2013 n\u00fckleer kayna\u015fma) enerjisi ya da \u00e7evreci termon\u00fckleer enerji ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span> Fizik biliminin \u00f6nemli dallar\u0131ndan biri olan y\u00fcksek enerji fizi\u011fi ve plazma fizi\u011fi i\u00e7eri\u011finde bilim insanlar\u0131, karbonsuz n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon enerjisi kaynakl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 reakt\u00f6rleri elektrik \u00fcretimi yoluyla hem d\u00fcnya enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi zafiyeti sorunlar\u0131na hem de global \u0131s\u0131nma ve k\u00fcresel de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi mekanizmalar\u0131 problemlerine yenilik\u00e7i evrimsel teknolojik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karbonsuz n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon santralleri kurulmas\u0131 ile birlikte gelecekte \u00e7ok daha tehlikeli olacak k\u00fcresel karbon emisyonlar\u0131 ve global karbondioksit sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 projeksiyonlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu do\u011fa dostu karbonsuz n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon g\"guc-uretimi-amacli-termonukleer-deney-reaktoru-iter\"<\/a>\u00fc\u00e7 santralleri bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda atom fizik\u00e7ileri ve plazma fizik\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan Uluslararas\u0131 Termon\u00fckleer Deneysel Reakt\u00f6r (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor \u2013 ITER) geli\u015ftirilmektedir. Fransa, Avrupa Birli\u011fi AB, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, \u00c7in, Hindistan, Japonya, Rusya Federasyonu ve G\u00fcney Kore\u2019nin de finansal katk\u0131lar\u0131yla in\u015fa edilecek n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon santrali ITER maliyeti 22 milyar dolar civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Cadarache kenti yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda kurulmakta olan ITER termon\u00fckleer tesisi, konvansiyonel n\u00fckleer fisyon reakt\u00f6rleri i\u015fletilmesi sonucu h\u00e2s\u0131l olan ve d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun yo\u011fun tepkisine yol a\u00e7an y\u00fcksek aktiviteli uzun yar\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc n\u00fckleer at\u0131klar \u00fcretmeyecektir.<\/p>\n

Termon\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rler, klasik uranyum yak\u0131tl\u0131 n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santralleri NGS elektrik \u00fcretimleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan n\u00fckleer at\u0131klara k\u0131yasla n\u00fckleer at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi kapsam\u0131na girmeyen sadece \u00e7ok k\u0131sa yar\u0131 \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc radyoaktif maddeler meydana getirmektedir. Bu yaz\u0131da termon\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6r\u00fc tasar\u0131m\u0131 safhas\u0131ndan in\u015faat safhas\u0131na do\u011fru bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci ya\u015fayan ye\u015fil, do\u011fa dostu ve \u00e7evreci perspektifler ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fcresel elektrik arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi temini a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan can al\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6neme sahip dev temiz enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 karbonsuz n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon projesi ITER santrali yap\u0131m\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon ile enerji elde edilmesi i\u00e7in plazma olarak tan\u0131mlanan iyonize hidrojen atomlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu karma\u015f\u0131k ortam\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00f6z konusu plazmay\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015fin kor s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n on kat\u0131na kadar \u0131s\u0131tmak gerekmektedir. Is\u0131nma s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek h\u0131zla hareket eden ve \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan atom \u00e7ekirdekleri ise n\u00fckleer kayna\u015fma ve n\u00fckleer birle\u015fme amac\u0131yla yeterli enerjiye eri\u015fecektir. H\u0131zl\u0131 hareket eden par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucu biriken g\u00fc\u00e7 sayesinde ise hidrojen atomlar\u0131 bol olan s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve do\u011fa dostu bir enerjiye ula\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan muazzam g\u00fc\u00e7, f\u00fczyon enerjisi, termon\u00fckleer enerji, n\u00fckleer birle\u015fme enerjisi ve n\u00fckleer kayna\u015fma enerjisi \u015feklinde \u00e7e\u015fitli adlarla an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yar\u0131m asr\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir termon\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 ile ilgili ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen bilimsel g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczeyine gelmektedir. ABD, AB \u00fclkeleri, \u00c7in, Hindistan, Japonya, Rusya Federasyonu ve G\u00fcney Kore\u2019nin ekonomik deste\u011fi ile olu\u015fturulan f\u00fczyon enerjisi yanl\u0131s\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 konsorsiyum taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan proje ile beraber k\u00fcresel termon\u00fckleer enerji bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 h\u0131z kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

F\u00fczyon enerjisini s\u00fcrekli elde etmeyi hedefleyen proje kapsam\u0131nda 80000 kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki s\u00fcperiletken tel ile halka halinde sarg\u0131lanan 23000 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki kap tokamak olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Halka i\u00e7indeki s\u00fcperiletken teller kanal\u0131yla sa\u011flanan uygun geometri sayesinde manyetik olarak n\u00fckleer plazma s\u0131n\u0131rlanmakta, b\u00f6ylece d\u00fczenli ve devaml\u0131 karbonsuz f\u00fczyon enerjisi temin edilmektedir. \u00c7ok uluslu f\u00fczyon enerjisi projesine de Uluslararas\u0131 Termon\u00fckleer Deneysel Reakt\u00f6r (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor \u2013 ITER) ve k\u0131saca ITER ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, 7 adet orta\u011fa da sorumluluk y\u00fcklenen proje \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sat\u0131n alma ve \u00fcretim konular\u0131nda i\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teknolojik ilerlemelere u\u011framas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan ve yeni muhtemel geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dev n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon projesi tasar\u0131m de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de ilgili t\u00fcm taraflarca kabul edilecektir. Termon\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r projesi ekonomik destek\u00e7ilerine e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergilemektedir. Ancak, f\u00fczyon projesinin s\u00fcreci ve program\u0131 tam olarak belirlenememesi nedeniyle ise gecikmeler vuku bulacak ve bu arada termon\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetleri artacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu sorunlar birbirini tetikleyerek karbonsuz termon\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon projesi biti\u015f tarihi de uzayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda projeden ayr\u0131lmalar ve politik temelli de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullar ba\u011flam\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 f\u00fczyon enerjisi projesine kat\u0131l\u0131mlar da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130fade edilen olumsuz projeksiyonlar ve zafiyetlere ra\u011fmen Eyl\u00fcl 2014 \u2018d\u00fcn ilk haftas\u0131ndan itibaren Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Cadarache kenti yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki kompleksin in\u015faat temelleri bitmek \u00fczere iken \u00e7evreci ITER f\u00fczyon tesisi sahas\u0131 i\u00e7erisine rekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ilk par\u00e7alar\u0131 da gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekim 2014\u2019de duvarlar\u0131n ve n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon tesisinin n\u00fcvesi say\u0131lan halka (doughnut) \u015feklinde olan vakum kab\u0131n\u0131n in\u015faatlar\u0131 programlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki haritada Fransa Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Marsilya \u015fehrine yak\u0131n Cadarache kenti civar\u0131nda in\u015fa edilen karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131 olmayan temiz enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 ye\u015fil ve do\u011fa dostu ITER termon\u00fckleer tesisi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 nokta ile i\u015faret edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"f\u00fczyon<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dev ITER<\/strong> kompleksi in\u015faat sahas\u0131 yak\u0131n ve uzak cepheden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"f\u00fczyon<\/a><\/p>\n

Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen yetkili hi\u00e7 kimse \u00e7evreci ITER f\u00fczyon enerjisi tesisi in\u015faat s\u00fcresi hakk\u0131nda kesin bir tarih ve periyot verememektedir. Reakt\u00f6r vakum kab\u0131 imalat\u0131n\u0131n gecikmesi nedeniyle daha \u015fimdiden projede 30 ayl\u0131k bir tehir s\u00f6z konusudur. En son yay\u0131mlanan termon\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r projesi zaman \u00e7izelgesi kapsam\u0131nda 2020\u2019de f\u00fczyon santrali vakum kab\u0131 i\u00e7inde ilk n\u00fckleer plazma ortam\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, termon\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r vakum kab\u0131 \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrecindeki aksakl\u0131klar n\u00fckleer plazma olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klanan tarihi 2023 ya da 2024 y\u0131llar\u0131na do\u011fru kayd\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bununla beraber revize edilmi\u015f do\u011fa dostu ITER n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon reakt\u00f6r\u00fc montaj program\u0131, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalar\u0131na kadar yay\u0131nlanmayacakt\u0131r. Son geli\u015fmeler ile beraber ITER n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon santrali projesi maliyetleri \u00fczerindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar da g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda 20 milyar dolar hesaplanan toplam termon\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon tesisi maliyeti rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n ise y\u00fckselece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. ITER projesinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri a\u011f\u0131r aksak y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi asl\u0131nda n\u00fckleer fizik ya da \u00e7ok geni\u015f boyutlu m\u00fchendislik dallar\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel ve teknolojik endi\u015felerinden kaynaklanmamaktad\u0131r. Sorunlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek nedeni olarak \u00fcst d\u00fczey proje y\u00f6netimi g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Projenin ilk tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeterlili\u011fi ve projenin denetimi konusunda 7 ortakl\u0131 tesis sahipleri de tam yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n giderilece\u011fi beklenmektedir. Projedeki gecikmeler ile birlikte tesis ortaklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar da su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karken ITER y\u00f6netimi, projeye destek veren di\u011fer kurulu\u015flar\u0131 bilgilendirmemi\u015f ve hem son derece uygunsuz hem de \u00e7ok uzun olan proje zaman \u00e7izelgesine saplan\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Projede \u00e7ok daha s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fanmas\u0131 da s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitmektedir. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kamuoyuna s\u0131zan haberde Ekim 2013\u2019de tesis y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn eksik g\u00f6r\u00fclen n\u00fckleer g\u00fcvenlik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ilkesinin projeye d\u00e2hil edilmesi de alay konusu olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6te yandan, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 ITER f\u00fczyon projesi yat\u0131r\u0131m fonlar\u0131n\u0131n %12\u2019sini elinde bulundurmaktad\u0131r. Her y\u0131l ABD ITER yat\u0131r\u0131m fonlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tutulmakta ve ITER projesi ile ilgili gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6neriler a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Amerikan Senatosu alt komisyonu, ITER b\u00fct\u00e7esi m\u00fczakereleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerika\u2019n\u0131n f\u00fczyon projesinden tamamen ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 teklif edilmi\u015ftir. Birle\u015fik Devletler 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda da projeden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 2003\u2019de ITER f\u00fczyon projesine yeniden kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve gecikmeler ile ele\u015ftiri ya\u011fmuruna tutulan termon\u00fckleer proje kapsam\u0131nda f\u00fczyon enerjisi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmak suretiyle \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 riskleri, bilimsel \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve \u00f6d\u00fclleri payla\u015fmak ise ITER\u2019in ana felsefesi olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Projeye destek veren kurulu\u015flar\u0131n e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fc ile eri\u015filen bilgilerin uygulamaya konulmas\u0131 halinde s\u00f6z konusu felsefe de do\u011frulanacakt\u0131r. ITER tesisi, s\u00fcrekli f\u00fczyon plazmas\u0131 kanal\u0131yla harcanan enerjiye k\u0131yasla yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 kat daha y\u00fcksek olan 500 megawatt\u2019l\u0131k g\u00fcce eri\u015fti\u011fi takdirde projenin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 kan\u0131tlanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen g\u00fcce ula\u015fmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bilimsel olarak hi\u00e7bir engel de g\u00f6r\u00fclmemektedir. Bununla beraber talihsiz Amerikan \u00e7abas\u0131 olarak nitelendirilen ve National Ignition Facility \u2013 NIF taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen f\u00fczyon olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in manyetik alanlar yerine laser kullan\u0131m\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Konu ile ilgili yay\u0131mlanan bilimsel makalede, m\u00fchendisler belirli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ayn\u0131 zamanda uygun \u015fekil ve kompozisyondaki hedefe odaklanan laser kulland\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde net enerji kazan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir. Baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131lacak laser cihaz\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fckleri aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Laser ve hedefleri uygun bi\u00e7imde se\u00e7ilmesine ra\u011fmen yeterli verimlilikte f\u00fczyon enerjisi temin edilememi\u015ftir. NIF \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdilik atom bombalar\u0131 modelleme ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131ndaki n\u00fckleer silah stoku y\u00f6netimi projelerine do\u011fru odaklamaktad\u0131r. Her \u015fey iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de ger\u00e7ek durumlar farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sergilemektedir. Sonu\u00e7ta, ITER\u2019in bilimsel d\u00fczeyde gelece\u011fini test etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle y\u00f6netim ve insan kaynaklar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fczenlemelerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi zorunluluk arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7evre dostu ITER n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon g\u00fc\u00e7 santrali \u015fematik i\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki taslak \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Taslakta soldan sa\u011fa ve yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u0131ras\u0131yla,<\/p>\n

\u25cf Toroidal Halka veya Toroidal Bobin (Toroidal Coil): Akan elektrik ak\u0131mlar\u0131 ile n\u00fckleer plazma ortam\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutar.
\n\u25cf Merkezi Solenoid Halkas\u0131 veya Bobini (Center Solenoid Coil): Akan elektrik ak\u0131mlar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla n\u00fckleer plazma \u00e7evresini kontrol eder.
\n\u25cf Vakum Kab\u0131 (Vacuum Vessel)
\n\u25cf Plazma (Plasma)
\n\u25cf Plazmay\u0131 Is\u0131tma Donan\u0131m\u0131 (Heating Apparatus Plasma)
\n\u25cf Poloidal Halka veya Poloidal Bobin (Poloidal Coil): Akan elektrik ak\u0131mlar\u0131 yoluyla n\u00fckleer plazma ortam\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan manyetik alan\u0131 olu\u015fturur.
\n\u25cf Divertor: T\u00fcketilen ve kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcllerini tahliye eder.
\n\u25cf \u00dcretken Alan (Blanket): N\u00fckleer plazma ortam\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda n\u00fckleer reaksiyonlar sonucu olu\u015fan y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k sayesinde \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 trityumun \u00fcretildi\u011fi kab\u0131n duvar\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"f\u00fczyon<\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

-N\u00fckleer At\u0131klar\u0131n Yok Edilmesi veya Nihai Depolanmas\u0131, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner,<\/p>\n

FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2006.<\/p>\n

-N\u00fckleer Reakt\u00f6rler, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, F<\/strong>izik M<\/strong>\u00fchendisleri O<\/strong>das\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,<\/p>\n

Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2007.<\/p>\n

-N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santralleri ve N\u00fckleer Enerjinin Gelece\u011fi, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, FMO<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2007.<\/p>\n

-Radyoaktif At\u0131klar\u0131n \u0130daresi veya Y\u00f6netimi, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, F<\/strong>izik<\/p>\n

M<\/strong>\u00fchendisleri O<\/strong>das\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2007.<\/p>\n

-N\u00fckleer Enerji Santralleri, Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n Gelece\u011fi ve Enerji<\/p>\n

Kaynak \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, F<\/strong>izik M<\/strong>\u00fchendisleri O<\/strong>das\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,<\/p>\n

Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2008.<\/p>\n

-N\u00fckleer Santraller ve Gelecekteki N\u00fckleer Enerji Projeksiyonlar\u0131, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel<\/p>\n

Taner, FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2008.<\/p>\n

-\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Enerji Arz G\u00fcvenli\u011fi, Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7e\u015fitlendirilmesi, N\u00fckleer<\/p>\n

Santraller ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, F<\/strong>izik<\/p>\n

M<\/strong>\u00fchendisleri O<\/strong>das\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2008.<\/p>\n

-Atom, Radyoaktivite, Radyoizotoplar ve Radyasyon \u00c7e\u015fitleri, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner<\/p>\n

FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2008.<\/p>\n

-\u0130leri N\u00fckleer Santraller, \u0130klimsel De\u011fi\u015fim Mekanizmalar\u0131, K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nma ve \u0130klim<\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri Bilimsel Raporlar\u0131, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, F<\/strong>izik M<\/strong>\u00fchendisleri O<\/strong>das\u0131<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2010.<\/p>\n

-N\u00fckleer F\u00fczyon Enerjisi (N\u00fckleer Kayna\u015fma Birle\u015fme Enerjisi) Termon\u00fckleer<\/p>\n

F\u00fczyon Santralleri, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2011.<\/p>\n

-\u00c7in, Yeni Ku\u015fak N\u00fckleer Enerji Santralleri, Global Yenilik\u00e7i N\u00fckleer Santral \u0130n\u015faatlar\u0131<\/p>\n

ve D\u00fcnya Sera Gaz\u0131 Emisyonlar\u0131, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131<\/p>\n

Bilgiler, 2013.<\/p>\n

-Almanya Enerji Reformu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Karbon Ekonomileri Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131<\/p>\n

YEK <\/strong>Devrimi ve Energiewende Enerji \u00c7evrimi A\u00e7maz\u0131, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner,<\/p>\n

F<\/strong>izik M<\/strong>\u00fchendisleri O<\/strong>das\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2013.<\/p>\n

-\u0130ngiltere Elektrik Arz G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Sarmal\u0131 ve \u00c7\u0131kmaz\u0131 Kapsam\u0131nda Elektrik K\u0131s\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n

ve Enerji Kesintileri Riski ile Karbonsuz Baz Y\u00fck Kayna\u011f\u0131 Modern Yeni Nesil N\u00fckleer<\/p>\n

G\u00fc\u00e7 Santralleri Kurulmas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, F<\/strong>izik M<\/strong>\u00fchendisleri<\/p>\n

O<\/strong>das\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2014.<\/p>\n

-\u0130ngiltere Karbon Yakalama ve Hapsetme (CCS<\/strong>) Teknolojileri Uygulamalar\u0131 ile<\/p>\n

Karbondioksit Emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n Yeralt\u0131nda Depolanmas\u0131 Projeleri, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel<\/p>\n

Taner, FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2014.<\/p>\n

-Almanya D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Karbon Ekonomisi Enerji D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc Paradoksu ile Temel Y\u00fck<\/p>\n

Kayna\u011f\u0131 Karbonsuz N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7 Santralleri Kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Elektrik Devrimi<\/p>\n

(Energiewende<\/strong>) \u00c7eli\u015fkisi, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler,<\/p>\n

2014.<\/p>\n

-Japonya 2011 Y\u0131l\u0131 Deprem ve S\u00fcp\u00fcrt\u00fc Dalgalar\u0131 Do\u011fal Felaketler Sonucu<\/p>\n

Fukushima N\u00fckleer Elektrik Santrali Kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 Sonras\u0131 N\u00fckleer Enerji Teknolojileri<\/p>\n

Stratejisi, Ahmet Cang\u00fczel Taner, FMO<\/strong> Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Faydal\u0131 Bilgiler, 2014.<\/p>\n

-The Economist Dergisi (20 Eyl\u00fcl 2014 \u2013 26 Eyl\u00fcl 2014).<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.G\u00fcne\u015fin yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, bilimsel d\u00fczeyde \u00e7evre dostu n\u00fckleer f\u00fczyon (n\u00fckleer birle\u015fme \u2013 n\u00fckleer kayna\u015fma) enerjisi ya da \u00e7evreci termon\u00fckleer enerji ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,43],"tags":[63,67,1009,165,18785,18776,18778,71,21,18784,18779,18780,18775,18781,18782,18777,18783],"views":1864,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32325"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32325"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32329,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32325\/revisions\/32329"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}