{"id":27205,"date":"2014-06-01T18:48:26","date_gmt":"2014-06-01T15:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=27205"},"modified":"2014-06-01T18:48:26","modified_gmt":"2014-06-01T15:48:26","slug":"yesil-binalarda-aydinlatma-sistemleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/yesil-binalarda-aydinlatma-sistemleri\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Ye\u015fil Binalarda Ayd\u0131nlatma Sistemleri&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27205\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-tr\" title=\"Turkish\">Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p><p><strong>Yap\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik, d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 40 y\u0131lda hemfikir oldu\u011fu &#8220;S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma&#8221; fikrinin bir gere\u011fidir. Gerek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fi gidermek, gerekse ku\u015faklar aras\u0131 e\u015fitli\u011fi garantiye almak amac\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu ak\u0131m, uluslararas\u0131 konferanslarda \u00e7o\u011funluk taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, sorunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131na, yani insanlar\u0131n temel gereksinimlerine inerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. &#8220;Ye\u015fil Bina&#8221; kavram\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tasar\u0131m, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn gereksinimlerinin, gelecek ku\u015faklara kalacak do\u011fal kaynak sto\u011funu riske sokmaks\u0131z\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eehirlerin ve binalar\u0131n \u00e7evresel etkileri ve enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi spesifik konular\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sosyal ve ekonomik s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik konular\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermelidir. Anahtar konular\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enerji, tasar\u0131m esnekli\u011fi ve kaynak etkinli\u011f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-6276\" title=\"aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi\" src=\"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi-300x236.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"236\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi-1024x805.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi-500x393.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi-63x50.jpg 63w, https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/aydinlatma-sistemlerinde-tasarruf-enerji-verimliligi.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>idir [1]. Ekonomiyi g\u00f6zeten, teknik yeterlili\u011fe sahip, \u00e7evreye zarar vermemenin \u00f6tesinde \u00e7evreyi koruyan ve toplumlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimlerine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan mimari anlay\u0131\u015f, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir mimarl\u0131\u011fa ortam haz\u0131rlayabilmektedir. Bina ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131 ise s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gereksinimlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ye\u015fil Binalarda Ayd\u0131nlatma Sistemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz binalar\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlatma amac\u0131yla t\u00fcketilen enerji, toplam enerji t\u00fcketiminin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Binalarda y\u00fcksek orana sahip enerji t\u00fcketiminin daha etkin hale getirilmesi, yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, teknolojik yeniliklerin uygulanmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131 yaparken de kullan\u0131c\u0131 gereksinimlerinden \u00f6d\u00fcn verilmemesi veya yeniden tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, Ye\u015fil Binalarda \u00f6nemli bir \u015fart durumuna gelmektedir. Ye\u015fil Bina ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerini olu\u015fturan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerinin, enerji t\u00fcketiminin minimize edilmesi, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi veya azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm-at\u0131k y\u00f6netimi konular\u0131nda yeterli olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. S\u00f6z edilen bu konular, sistemlerin \u00f6n tasar\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7lerindeki fikirlerle sa\u011flanabilecektir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerine dair ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n niceli\u011fi, enerji t\u00fcketimleri ve sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n tasar\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda kontrol edilebilece\u011fi sim\u00fclasyon programlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir sistemlerin tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Bu programlarda i\u00e7 mekan veya d\u0131\u015f mekanlardaki g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yapma \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131 ile ilgili hesaplarla, g\u00f6rsel ve teknik sonu\u00e7lar al\u0131nabilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece, g\u00f6rsel konfor gereksinimlerinin kontrol\u00fc, ayd\u0131nlatma konsepti \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri ve enerji t\u00fcketimi de\u011ferlendirmeleri, tasar\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda alternatifleriyle ve\u00a0 h\u0131zl\u0131ca yap\u0131labilmektedir. Ayd\u0131nlatma enerjisinin minimize edilmesiyle ilgili 3 etken \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Gereksinimler kadar enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde enerji t\u00fcketen sistem ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Hedeflenen ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in daha etkin bir enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Yenilenemeyen kaynaklar\u0131n azalmas\u0131 ve sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na \u00f6nlem olarak yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6rsel konfor gereksinimlerinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nlatma enerjisi korunumu a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hacim d\u00fczeyinde bir yapma \u00e7evrenin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda, ayd\u0131nlatma tasar\u0131m\u0131ndan sorumlu ki\u015finin kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan, y\u0131l ve g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6steren &#8220;do\u011fal tasar\u0131m parametreleri&#8221; ve t\u00fcm\u00fcyle yapma \u00e7evreye ili\u015fkin olan, tasar\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki &#8220;fiziksel tasar\u0131m parametreleri&#8221; etkili olmaktad\u0131r [2]. Do\u011fal tasar\u0131m parametreleri; g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn par\u0131lt\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131; g\u00fcne\u015fin durumu, par\u0131lt\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nl\u0131k etkisi;\u00a0 yer \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131k yans\u0131tma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ve do\u011fal d\u0131\u015f engeller iken fiziksel tasar\u0131m parametreleri ise, yapma d\u0131\u015f engeller; pencerelerin bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n; pencerelerin boyut, bi\u00e7im ve yerle\u015fimleri; pencerelerin \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irme \u00f6zellikleri; hacim boyutlar\u0131; i\u00e7 y\u00fczeylerin \u0131\u015f\u0131k yans\u0131tma katsay\u0131lar\u0131; yapma \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n nitelik ve nicelikleri; yapma ayd\u0131nlatma elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n nitelik ve nicelikleri; yapma \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynak ve elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fimleri ve yapma ayd\u0131nlatma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n donat\u0131m ve kontrolleridir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ye\u015fil Bina Sertifika Programlar\u0131 ve Ayd\u0131nlatma Sistemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, binalarda enerji verimlili\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda enerji t\u00fcketimini azaltmak, yenilebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelmek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir geli\u015fmeyi sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u00e7e\u015fitli sertifikaland\u0131rma modelleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ye\u015fil Bina sertifika programlar\u0131, farkl\u0131 yap\u0131 tipleri i\u00e7in kendi i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak, ele al\u0131nan yap\u0131 tipinin ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zelliklerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [3]. Yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131ma sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilebilecek sertifka programlar\u0131ndan LEED (ABD), BREEAM (\u0130ngiltere), CASBEE (Japonya) ve GreenStar (Avustralya) programlar\u0131nda ele al\u0131nan ayd\u0131nlatma konular\u0131 \u00f6zetle \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bina t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen gerekli ayd\u0131nl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi, ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, kama\u015fma kontrol\u00fc gibi gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00c7evresel etkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u0131\u015f\u0131k kirlili\u011finin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerinin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve bu do\u011frultuda enerji t\u00fcketiminin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Enerji t\u00fcketiminin minimize edilmesi amac\u0131yla binalarda g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Enerji konusundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, kullan\u0131c\u0131 konforu ve psikolojik fayda i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Enerji t\u00fcketiminin minimize edilmesi amac\u0131yla verimli ayd\u0131nlatma ayg\u0131t\u0131 ve bile\u015fenlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Binalarda g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kullan\u0131c\u0131 duyarl\u0131 kontrol sistemlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, ayd\u0131nlatma sisteminin b\u00f6lgelere ayr\u0131larak kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanmas\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ayd\u0131nlatma sistemlerini kontrol edebilmelerinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Ayd\u0131nlatma ve di\u011fer bina alt sistemlerinin enerji t\u00fcketimlerinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ye\u015fil Binalarda Ayd\u0131nlatma Sistemleri i\u00e7in Yenilik\u00e7i Fikirler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeni teknolojilerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f do\u011fal ayd\u0131nlatma sistemleri, binalarda elektrik t\u00fcketimini olabildi\u011fince azaltmay\u0131 ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u00e7 mekan\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k kalitesini \u00f6nemli oranda artt\u0131rmay\u0131 hedeflemektedirler. Geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemlerine \u00f6rnek olarak \u0131\u015f\u0131k raflar\u0131, \u0131\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcpleri, anidolik sistemler ve dinamik camlar s\u0131ralanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>I\u015f\u0131k Raflar\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I\u015f\u0131k raflar\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engellemek ve g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tavana y\u00f6nlendirmek amac\u0131yla tasarlanan, pencerenin i\u00e7 veya d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinde yer alan yatay veya yataya yak\u0131n elemanlard\u0131r. Cepheyle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f bir eleman olabilece\u011fi gibi sonradan monte edilen bir eleman da olabilirler. I\u015f\u0131k raf\u0131 genellikle g\u00f6z seviyesi \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilir. Pencerenin alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sa\u011flarken, \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7eri al\u0131nmas\u0131na hizmet eder. I\u015f\u0131k raflar\u0131 hacimde pencereye yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgeyi g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan korurken, yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131k tavan\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131\u015f\u0131n, \u0131\u015f\u0131k raf\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ve \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalan pencere b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden hacme g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 girebilmektedir. Anidolik tekni\u011finin uygulanmas\u0131 ile optik \u00f6zellikleri geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131k raf\u0131 ile \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n hacimlerin derin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na kadar iletilmesi sa\u011flanabilmektedir (\u015eekil 1). Sistemin i\u00e7inde yapay \u0131\u015f\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 durumunda da ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle \u0131\u015f\u0131k dolayl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczlemine iletilmektedir. B\u00f6ylece \u0131\u015f\u0131k raf\u0131 sisteminin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hacimlerde do\u011fal ve yapma ayd\u0131nlatma i\u00e7in benzer durumlar elde edilir [4].<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>I\u015f\u0131k T\u00fcpleri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I\u015f\u0131k t\u00fcplerinde, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7at\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 borularla hacmin tavan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n hacme da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7te yer alan yay\u0131c\u0131 elemanlarla sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Borunun i\u00e7ine veya yay\u0131c\u0131 elemana yerle\u015ftirilen g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na duyarl\u0131 yapma ayd\u0131nlatma eleman\u0131 g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedirler. Bu \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendiklerinde enerji tasarrufu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olumlu sonu\u00e7lar vermektedirler. Do\u011frudan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut oldu\u011funda performanslar\u0131 daha iyidir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mekanlar\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun bir sistemdir, b\u00fcy\u00fck mekanlarda \u0131zgara d\u00fczeni sa\u011flan\u0131rsa d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 elde edilebilir [4].<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Anidolik Tavanlar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Anidolik sistemler parabolik topla\u00e7lar\u0131n optik \u00f6zelliklerini kullanarak yay\u0131n\u0131k g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 toplayan sistemlerdir. Bu sistem \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 odan\u0131n arka taraflar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirebilen tavan\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki aynal\u0131 bir t\u00fcp sistemiyle birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu sistemler daha \u00e7ok kapal\u0131 g\u00f6k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan yerlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar (\u015eekil 3.) Sistemlerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zellikleri; g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kama\u015fmas\u0131z olarak kullan\u0131m mekanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirmesi, d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir ayd\u0131nlatma sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve mekanlar\u0131n, geleneksel sistemler ile yeterli derecede ayd\u0131nlanmayan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki ayd\u0131nl\u0131k d\u00fczeyini \u00f6nemli miktarda artt\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Anidolik tavanlar ticari, end\u00fcstriyel ya da e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131labilirler. \u0130klim ve enleme g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 anidolik tavan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri \u00fcretilebilmektedir [4].<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Heliostatlar<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu sistemler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da toplayarak bina i\u00e7erisine ileten sistemlerdir. Heliostat, otomatik takip sistemi ile g\u00fcne\u015fi takip eden, bir veya daha fazla aynadan ve bir mercekten (Fresnel merce\u011fi) olu\u015fan ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 toplayan b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir sistemdir. Ancak bu sistem tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma sistemi de\u011fildir, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 bir sisteme, \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0131\u015f\u0131k k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131na (light pipes) iletmektedir. I\u015f\u0131k k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nan g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha sonra da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u00fcnitesi ile bina i\u00e7erisine yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sisteme yapay bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 (k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc lamba) da eklenerek g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetersiz oldu\u011fu zamanlarda da kullan\u0131labilmektedir. Bu sistemlerin amac\u0131 penceresiz veya do\u011fal ayd\u0131nlatma imkan\u0131 olmayan mekanlar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ona takviye olarak k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc lamba ile ayd\u0131nlatmakt\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczene\u011fin ilk par\u00e7as\u0131 olan heliostatlar\u0131n temel i\u015flevleri, genellikle \u00e7at\u0131da bulunan aynalar\u0131n \u00fczerlerine d\u00fc\u015fen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 birbirlerine yans\u0131tt\u0131ktan sonra en son merce\u011fe yans\u0131tmas\u0131 ve merce\u011fin bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 odaklayarak \u0131\u015f\u0131k iletim sistemine y\u00f6nlendirmesidir. \u0130kinci par\u00e7a olan \u0131\u015f\u0131k k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6revi ise bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 iletmektir [4].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Do\u011fal Ayd\u0131nlatma Sistemlerinde Kullan\u0131lan Camlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pencere cam\u0131n\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irgenlik de\u011feri hacimlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ba\u015fl\u0131ca de\u011fi\u015fkenlerden bir tanesidir ve do\u011fal ayd\u0131nlatma sistemi tasar\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde g\u00f6rsel konfor ve ayd\u0131nlatma enerjisi korunumu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan titizlikle \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Fotokromik camlar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131k ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi, \u00fczerine gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131k miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Kama\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nlenerek g\u00f6rsel konforun sa\u011flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygundur. Termokromik camlar\u0131n ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Kullan\u0131lan malzeme cam katmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen bir t\u00fcr jeldir. So\u011fukta saydam haldeyken, s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda saydaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalmakta ve yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi artmaktad\u0131r. Elektrokromik camlar dinamik pencerelere bir \u00f6rnektir. Bu pencereler bir EC katman\u0131yla kapl\u0131 olup istenen kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. Bu t\u00fcr pencerelerle konfor, enerji tasarrufu ve estetik gereksinmelerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda i\u00e7te veya d\u0131\u015fta herhangi bir g\u00fcne\u015f kontrol\u00fc eleman\u0131na gereksinim duyulmaz. Tamamen caml\u0131 cepheler i\u00e7in uygundurlar. Uygulanan voltaja ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak renkli durumdan orta ve tamamen renksiz hale ge\u00e7mektedirler. Renkli durumdan renksiz duruma ge\u00e7mesi 30 saniye ile 5-10 dakika aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f manuel veya bina i\u015fletim sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir. Gazokromik camlar\u0131n etkileri elektrokromik camlar gibidir; cam\u0131 renklendirmek i\u00e7in cam katmanlar\u0131 aras\u0131na hidrojen verilir ve saydaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk haline geri d\u00f6nmesi i\u00e7in de oksijenle birle\u015ftirilir. Film kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hidrojen konsantrasyonunun de\u011fi\u015fmesi ile renklenme \u00f6zellikleri de\u011fi\u015fir.\u00a0 Renklenme i\u00e7in s\u00fcre 20 saniye ve berrakla\u015fma i\u00e7in de bir dakikadan azd\u0131r. Tayfsal se\u00e7ici camlarda, cam\u0131n g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fini olabildi\u011fince y\u00fcksek tutabilmek amac\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca spektrumun g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in etkili olan baz\u0131 \u00f6zel boya ve kaplamalar kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle elde edilen tayfsal se\u00e7ici camlar (spectral selective glazing) g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 olabildi\u011fince ge\u00e7iren fakat k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yutan veya yans\u0131tan camlard\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131sal se\u00e7ici camlar, g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015fini a\u00e7\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 azaltarak yataya yak\u0131n gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 ge\u00e7irmektedirler, s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemde g\u00fcne\u015f y\u00fckseli\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 dik veya dike yak\u0131nken gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irmemekte, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u00fckseli\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irmektedirler. Bu camlar\u0131n tepe \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da benzer etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131cak iklim b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr (\u015eekil 4). Prizmatik paneller, direkt g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131p, yayg\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7eri alarak g\u00f6lgeleme amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131labilmektedir (\u015eekil 5).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Rogers, R., 2001. &#8220;Lord Rogers of Riverside&#8221; (Green Architecture), Architectural Design, V:71, N:4, 36.<\/p>\n<p>[2]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, 1995. Enerji Etkin Konut ve Yerle\u015fme Tasar\u0131m\u0131, Proje No: \u0130NTAG 201. \u0130n\u015faat Teknolojileri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Grubu.<\/p>\n<p>[3]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Yener A.K., Uyan F., \u015eener F, 2009. Binalar\u0131n S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirliklerinin Belirlenmesinde Ayd\u0131nlatma Sistemlerinin De\u011ferlendirilmesi, V.Ulusal Ayd\u0131nlatma Sempozyumu.<\/p>\n<p>[4]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Anon, IEA, Daylight in Buildings, Report IEA SHC Task 21, Washington, 2000.<\/p>\n<p>Kaynak: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.yesilbinadergisi.com\/?pid=25556\" target=\"_blank\">Ye\u015fil Bina<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Yap\u0131 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik, d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 40 y\u0131lda hemfikir oldu\u011fu &#8220;S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma&#8221; fikrinin bir gere\u011fidir. Gerek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar aras\u0131ndaki e\u015fitsizli\u011fi gidermek, gerekse ku\u015faklar [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[15447,63,67,1009,165,12,15449,15448,793,87,15450],"views":1982,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27205"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27205"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27205\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27206,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27205\/revisions\/27206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27205"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27205"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27205"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}