{"id":25346,"date":"2014-04-15T15:44:29","date_gmt":"2014-04-15T12:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=25346"},"modified":"2014-04-15T15:44:29","modified_gmt":"2014-04-15T12:44:29","slug":"temiz-enerjinin-gelecegi-komurde-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/temiz-enerjinin-gelecegi-komurde-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Temiz Enerjinin Gelece\u011fi K\u00f6m\u00fcrde mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Evet, kirli olabilir, ama k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn bi meziyeti var: Ucuz. Bu \u00e7ok basit sebepten dolay\u0131 hala d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ana enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130nsanl\u0131k primer (birincil) enerjisinin d\u00f6rtte birini ve elektri\u011fin y\u00fczde 40\u2032\u0131n\u0131 hala k\u00f6m\u00fcrden elde ediyor. Bu yak\u0131n bir gelecekte de de\u011fi\u015fecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. O zaman, do\u011fru soru, k\u00f6m\u00fcrden enerjinin nas\u0131l daha temiz elde edilebilece\u011fi. Karbonu \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yakalay\u0131p stoklama konusundaki k\u00fcresel \u00e7abalar bir yere gitmedi ama bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke \u015fu anda ellerindeki zengin k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanabilece\u011fi aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00e7evreyi koruma kayg\u0131lar\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek zor. Daha ziyade ekonomik gereklilikler ve enerji konusunda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hale gelme arzusu \u00fclkeleri buna itiyor.<\/p>\n

Eski ve yeni<\/h2>\n

En \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan teknoloji \u201ck\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d yani fosil yak\u0131t\u0131 yakmak yerine onu kimyasal tekniklerle sentetik bir do\u011fal gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek. Bu teknik asl\u0131nda onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r biliniyor ama do\u011fal gaz fiyatlar\u0131nda son zamanlarda ya\u015fanan art\u0131\u015flar \u015fimdi bu teknolojiyi ekonomik olarak daha uygulana\"\"<\/a>bilir hale getirdi. ABD teknolojiye ilgi g\u00f6sterdi ama as\u0131l artan enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 gidermek ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz ithalat\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak isteyen \u00c7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcyle bunu geli\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in enerji yetkilileri, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle k\u00f6m\u00fcrden y\u0131lda 50 milyar metrek\u00fcp gaz elde etmeyi hedefliyor. Bu, \u00c7in\u2019in toplam gaz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde onunu olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Bu sadece ekonomik olarak anlaml\u0131 olmakla kalmay\u0131p \u00c7in\u2019in, \u00f6nemli sanayi merkezlerinden binlerce kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki at\u0131l duran k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervlerini de kullanabilmesine olanak tan\u0131yan bir plan. Ne de olsa gaz\u0131 nakletmek k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc nakletmekten \u00e7ok daha ucuz.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma ayn\u0131 zamanda son aylarda \u00fclkenin belli k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla durduran hava kirlili\u011fi sorununa da baz\u0131 cevaplar i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun<\/h2>\n

Fakat iki b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun var. Birincisi k\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011frudan enerji elde etmekte kullanan bir fabrikan\u0131n iki misli karbondiyoksit gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00c7in bu y\u00f6ntemle yaln\u0131zca daha fazla k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullanm\u0131\u015f olmayacak, \u00e7evreye de a\u011f\u0131r bir fatura \u00e7\u0131kacak. Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 IEA\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 Laszlo Varro, \u201cK\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma ekonomik olarak ve enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan cazip. Yerel d\u00fczeyde kirlenmeye de iyi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir. Ama \u00fcretimiyle birlikte b\u00fct\u00fcn bir s\u00fcrece bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda atmosfere sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karbon yo\u011funlu\u011fu k\u00f6m\u00fcre k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha fazla. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda cazip bir se\u00e7enek de\u011fil\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

ABD de son y\u0131llarda k\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00fczerinde deneyler yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Duke \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sentetik do\u011fal gaz\u0131n, do\u011fal gaza k\u0131yasla yedi kat daha fazla ve k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir fabrikaya g\u00f6re iki kat daha fazla sera gaz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n

Bu teknikle ilgili ikinci problem de su kullan\u0131m\u0131. K\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma, su kullan\u0131m\u0131 yo\u011fun bir enerji elde etme y\u00f6ntemi ve \u00c7in\u2019in yeni k\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma tesisleri a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan bir \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde hali haz\u0131rda su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

IEA ba\u015fkan\u0131 Varro yak\u0131nlarda haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 bir raporun k\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rma tesislerinin \u00c7in\u2019in mevcut su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortaya kondu\u011funu anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntem yok mu?<\/h2>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rmada yeni y\u00f6ntem aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00d6zellikle Avustralya\u2019da \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan \u201ck\u00f6m\u00fcr yata\u011f\u0131 metan\u0131\u201d y\u00f6ntemi, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayacak kadar derindeki k\u00f6m\u00fcre ula\u015fmay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor. Yataktaki su tamamen emildikten sonra, k\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u00fczeyine \u00e7\u0131kan metan toplan\u0131p \u00e7ekiliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, Endonezya ve Mozambik gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervleri olan ABD ve Kanada da bu y\u00f6ntemi inceliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7ok az sera gaz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ama yine de teknolojiyle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar var. Kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlar bunun yaratabilece\u011fi su kirlenmesi, yer kaymas\u0131 gibi konulara dikkat \u00e7ekiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Yine de Boston Consulting Group adl\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketinin enerji alan\u0131ndaki ortaklar\u0131ndan Phil Hirschhorn k\u00f6m\u00fcr yata\u011f\u0131 metan\u0131 y\u00f6nteminin Avustralya\u2019da do\u011fal gaz end\u00fcstrisinin dinamiklerini temelden de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Hirschhorn\u2019a g\u00f6re \u00fclkede 70 trilyon metrek\u00fcp civar\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr yata\u011f\u0131 metan\u0131 rezervi var ve yap\u0131m s\u00fcrecindeki projeler tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Avustralya her y\u0131l 25 milyon ton do\u011fal gaz ihra\u00e7 edebilecek. Bu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n toplam do\u011fal gaz piyasas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde onuna denk bir rakam.<\/p>\n

Temiz eri\u015fim<\/h2>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcrden gaz elde etmenin \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemi ise \u201cyeralt\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri varolan ama ekonomik olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte uygulanmas\u0131 yeni yeni anlaml\u0131 hale gelen bir teknik bu.<\/p>\n

\u015eu anda sadece \u00d6zbekistan\u2019da bir tesiste uygulan\u0131yor, Avustralya ve G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da deneysel projeler s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Yeralt\u0131 K\u00f6m\u00fcr Gazla\u015ft\u0131rma sanayicileri birli\u011finin ba\u015fkan\u0131 Julie Lauder s\u00fcreci \u201ck\u00f6m\u00fcr enerjisini bilinen \u00e7evre etkilerini yaratmadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yeni bir yol\u201d diye tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u201cTeknolojik geli\u015fmeler ve do\u011falgaz fiyat\u0131ndaki art\u0131k art\u0131k yeralt\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr gazla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik olarak anlaml\u0131 hale getiriyor\u201d diye ekliyor. Ger\u00e7ekten de tahminlere g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u00f6m\u00fcr madenlerinin y\u00fczde 85\u2032ine geleneksel madencilik teknikleriyle ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131labilse bile bu rezervlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak karbondioksit gazlar\u0131 iklim \u00fczerinde feci bir etki yapabilirdi. Fakat yeralt\u0131 gazla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini kullanlar, rezervlerin temiz bir \u015fekilde i\u015flenebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Haberin Devam\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in TIKLAYIN>><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak: BBC<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Evet, kirli olabilir, ama k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn bi meziyeti var: Ucuz. Bu \u00e7ok basit sebepten dolay\u0131 hala d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ana enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130nsanl\u0131k primer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[14295,63,67,1009,165,77,1675,5922,14296,14297],"views":990,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25346"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25346"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25346\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25348,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25346\/revisions\/25348"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25346"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25346"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25346"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}