{"id":19667,"date":"2013-12-20T11:51:48","date_gmt":"2013-12-20T08:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=19667"},"modified":"2013-12-20T11:51:50","modified_gmt":"2013-12-20T08:51:50","slug":"cinin-afrikaya-ilgisi-artiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/cinin-afrikaya-ilgisi-artiyor\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u00c7in’in Afrika’ya \u0130lgisi Art\u0131yor…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

\u00c7in, ilk olarak 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ke\u015ffetti\u011fi Afrika’y\u0131 bu kez enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi endi\u015feleriyle tekrar ke\u015ffediyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in’in Afrika’y\u0131 ke\u015ffi her ne kadar 16. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayansa da de\u011fi\u015fen d\u00fcnya \u015fartlar\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6rler, Pekin’in b\u00f6lgeyi tekrar ke\u015ffetmesi ve ge\u00e7mi\u015fin miras\u0131n\u0131 ileriye ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00c7in D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Vang Yi, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun soluklu ziyarette Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkelerinde temaslarda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

1,34 milyarl\u0131k dev n\u00fcfusu, geni\u015f co\u011frafyas\u0131 ve h\u0131zla kalk\u0131nan ekonomisi ile yava\u015f yava\u015f t\u00fcketim toplumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen \u00fclke, her ne kadar enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Ortado\u011fu’dan ithal etse de enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi endi\u015felerinden hareketle Afrika ile de ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.
\n\"\"<\/a>
\n\u00c7in, Afrika \u00fclkeleri ile ikili ticaretini h\u0131zla art\u0131r\u0131rken, b\u00f6lgedeki altyap\u0131 ve finans yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriyor. \u00dclkenin b\u00f6lgedeki yat\u0131r\u0131m ve etkisi her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor ve bu durum d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun oldu\u011fu kadar b\u00f6lgedeki baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de dikkatle takip ediliyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in’in Afrika’y\u0131 yak\u0131n tarihteki “ke\u015ffi” 50 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesi olarak bilinse de \u00fclkenin Afrika a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesine dayan\u0131yor. \u00c7in, Ming hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde en parlak d\u00f6nemini ya\u015farken, co\u011frafi ke\u015fifler \u00f6ncesinde Bat\u0131’n\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra ilgi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Afrika’y\u0131 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sydney \u00dcniversitesi \u00c7in Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi \u0130cra Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Chatham House ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan Prof. Dr. Kerry Brown AA’ya \u00c7in’in asl\u0131nda Afrika ile y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcregelen \u0131srarc\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131 ili\u015fkilere sahip oldu\u011funu belirterek, \u00c7inli bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman (Hui) olan \u00fcnl\u00fc amiral C\u0131ng H\u0131’n\u0131n 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki seyahatlerinden 1949’da \u00c7in’in Afrika’ya yard\u0131mlar\u0131na kadar bu temaslar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan “Mao’nun \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin yeni kuruldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda kendini geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin \u00f6nderi olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc” ifade eden Brown, “1949’dan itibaren Afrika’n\u0131n kolonici s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00fczeninden uzakla\u015fabilmesi m\u00fccadelesini destekledi\u011fini” kaydetti.<\/p>\n

“Bu anlamda \u00c7in’in Afrika ilgisinin yeni oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez ancak seviye ve yo\u011funluk olarak paradigma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc oldu\u011fu da inkar edilemez” diyen Brown, bu konunun arkas\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki en \u00f6nemli unsurun \u00c7in’in enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve hammadde ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 pazarlar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlendirilmesi oldu\u011funu vurguluyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in kalk\u0131nmada kritik e\u015fi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131nca<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in ve Afrika aras\u0131ndaki yeni d\u00f6nem ekonomik ili\u015fkiler, \u00f6l\u00e7ek ve kapsam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan geni\u015flemeye 1950’lerde ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131llarda ikili ticaret 12,1 milyon dolar seviyelerindeyken, bu rakam 1960’da 100 milyon dolara, 1980’de 1 milyar dolara ula\u015ft\u0131. D\u0131ng \u015eiaoping’in \u00c7in’i d\u0131\u015fa a\u00e7maya karar vermesinin ard\u0131ndan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir art\u0131\u015f e\u011filimine giren ekonomik ili\u015fkiler, 2000’de 10 milyar dolar seviyesine eri\u015fti. \u00d6zellikle 2000’li y\u0131llardan sonra kalk\u0131nmada kritik e\u015fi\u011fi a\u015fan \u00c7in, enerji t\u00fcketiminde katlanarak artan bir d\u0131\u015f al\u0131mc\u0131 haline geldi. Afrika’daki zengin enerji kaynaklar\u0131, \u00c7in i\u00e7in enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011finde \u00f6nemli bir kaynak \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, 2000’den sonra ikinci e\u015fi\u011fini 2009’da a\u015farak Afrika’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 haline geldi ve 2011’de 166,3 milyar dolara ula\u015fan ticaret hacmi ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015fla 200 milyar dolar seviyelerine ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in’in Afrika’ya olan y\u00f6neliminin arkas\u0131nda, gelecek be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde AB ekonomisinde durgunlu\u011fun devam edece\u011fi, ABD’de ise ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir seviyede kalaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tahminlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00c7in, ihracat ve ithalat pazarlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarf ediyor.<\/p>\n

Enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00f6ncelikli siyaset<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclke, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayabilmek amac\u0131yla Ortado\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda pazarlara a\u00e7\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc f\u0131rsat\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Afrika’n\u0131n enerji fazlas\u0131 kendili\u011finden \u00c7in i\u00e7in Rus ve Ortado\u011fu enerjisine tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 aday haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Enerjide ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 olan Afrika, \u00c7in’e yap\u0131lan ihracat\u0131ndan elde etti\u011fi kaynaklar\u0131 optimal kullanarak kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n fonlama maliyetini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131. \u00c7in’de de “Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131 t\u00fcketemedi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretiyor ve \u00fcretemeyip t\u00fcketti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlere ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor” \u015feklinde bir tespit bulunuyor. B\u00f6ylelikle, Afrika’da yat\u0131r\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen “kazan-kazan” politikas\u0131, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ticaret hacmini 8 y\u0131l boyunca y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fczde 30 ile b\u00fcy\u00fcterek 2008’de 106,8 milyar dolara kadar ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda milli has\u0131laya oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 50 civar\u0131nda seyreden y\u00fcksek tasarruf oranlar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak \u00c7in’de olu\u015fturulan arz fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in Afrika ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi bir pazara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve teknoloji, Afrika’n\u0131n talep g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka alan oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7inli yetkililer, s\u0131kl\u0131kla Afrika’y\u0131 \u00c7in’in 1970 ve 1980’lerdeki haline benzeterek, Afrika’n\u0131n benzer kalk\u0131nma imkanlar\u0131na ve t\u00fcketim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck potansiyele sahip oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in’in Afrika’ya ihracat ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

1980 ve 1990’larda \u00c7in’in Afrika’ya ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi hafif sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, g\u0131da ve kimyasal \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile de\u011fi\u015fti. 2000’den bu yana ise \u00c7in’in Afrika’ya ihracat\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 elektromekanik ve ileri teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcnler. Afrika’n\u0131n \u00c7in’e ihracat\u0131 ise 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5,6 milyar dolar seviyesinden 2011’de 93,2 milyar dolara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ekonomisini beslemek i\u00e7in Afrika’da petrol ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bak\u0131r ve uranyum gibi madenlere eri\u015fim kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendisinin de faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 karayolu, demiryolu, stadyumlar ve boru hatlar\u0131 in\u015fa ediyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in’in Afrika’daki do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00c7in’in rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 2012 sonu itibariyle 20 milyar dolar civar\u0131nda. Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda y\u00fczde 75’i finans, i\u015fleme ve \u00fcretim, tar\u0131m ve ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kaps\u0131yor. 50 Afrika \u00fclkesinde 2000’den fazla \u00c7in \u015firketinin yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, 2012’de Afrika’n\u0131n altyap\u0131, tar\u0131m, \u00fcretim ve KOB\u0130’lerin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 20 milyar dolar kredi taahh\u00fcd\u00fc vermi\u015fti ve \u015fu ana kadar 15 milyar imtiyazl\u0131 kredi taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in’in Afrika’daki ilerleyi\u015fini yard\u0131mlar, m\u00fcteahhitlik projeleri, ayni yard\u0131m, teknik yard\u0131m, insan kaynaklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi, acil durumlar i\u00e7in insani yard\u0131m, d\u0131\u015f yard\u0131m g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri ve bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi unsurlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yor ve parasal yard\u0131m, hibe, faizsiz bor\u00e7 ve tercihli krediler gibi nakdi yard\u0131m \u00e7e\u015fitlerini i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, ayr\u0131ca, Afrika \u00fclkelerinin daha iyi ko\u015fullara sahip olmas\u0131yla ticaret e\u011filimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fini iddia ediyor. \u00c7inli yetkililer, Afrika \u00fclkelerinin bu ivmeyi yakalamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve eskiye nazaran daha iyi bir konuma geldi\u011fini savunuyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Energy World<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.\u00c7in, ilk olarak 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ke\u015ffetti\u011fi Afrika’y\u0131 bu kez enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fi endi\u015feleriyle tekrar ke\u015ffediyor. \u00c7in’in Afrika’y\u0131 ke\u015ffi her ne kadar 16. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayansa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19668,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[1976,886,63,67,232,1009,165],"views":653,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19667"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19667"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19671,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19667\/revisions\/19671"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19668"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19667"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19667"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}