{"id":19290,"date":"2013-12-13T10:33:01","date_gmt":"2013-12-13T07:33:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=19290"},"modified":"2013-12-13T10:33:41","modified_gmt":"2013-12-13T07:33:41","slug":"komur-santrali-ozellestirmeleri-basarili-olur-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/komur-santrali-ozellestirmeleri-basarili-olur-mu\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) K\u00f6m\u00fcr Santrali \u00d6zelle\u015ftirmeleri Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 Olur mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

K\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretim santrallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilme s\u00fcreci 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u0131z kazand\u0131. Elektrik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesini hedeflemekte. Bu kapsamdaki santrallar, 7.761 MW ile Ekim sonu itibariyle toplam elektrik kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %13\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmakta.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bunlardan Seyit\u00f6mer Santral\u0131 2013 Haziran ay\u0131nda, Kangal Santral\u0131 ise A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahalar\u0131yla birlikte \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devredildi. Toplam kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7leri 1.057 MW olan bu iki santral\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesinin ard\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt santral\u0131n daha \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ilan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re; Kemerk\u00f6y, Yenik\u00f6y, Yata\u011fan ve \u00c7atala\u011fz\u0131 santrallar\u0131n\u0131n ihaleleri 2014 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk iki ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zelle\u015ftirme planlamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, bunlardan hemen sonra s\u0131rada; Af\u015fin-Elbistan A-B, Soma A-B, \u00c7an, Orhaneli ve Tun\u00e7bilek santrallar\u0131 bulunmakta. B\u00f6ylelikle, k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc santrallar\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olacak.<\/p>\n

Mevcut k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilme faaliyetleri devam ederken, bir taraftan da kamunun elindeki\"\"<\/a> k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahalar\u0131n\u0131n termik santral kurma \u015fart\u0131yla \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devredilmesine ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda, bug\u00fcne kadar \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devredilen sahalar aras\u0131nda; \u015e\u0131rnak-Silopi, Bolu-G\u00f6yn\u00fck, Eski\u015fehir-Mihal\u0131\u00e7\u00e7\u0131k, Adana-Tufanbeyli, K\u00fctahya-Domani\u00e7 ve Bing\u00f6l-Karl\u0131ova sahalar\u0131 ile Amasra, Bursa ve Manisa-Soma Havzas\u0131\u2019nda baz\u0131 sahalar bulunmakta.<\/p>\n

Devredilen sahalardan s\u00f6zle\u015fme gere\u011fi beslenecek termik santrallar\u0131n toplam kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7leri 3.000 MW\u2019\u0131 a\u015fmakta. Yeni geli\u015ftirilen k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahalar\u0131ndan Konya-Karap\u0131nar, Eski\u015fehir-Alpu, Afyon-Dinar ve Trakya \u00c7erkezk\u00f6y sahalar\u0131 da yine ayn\u0131 kapsamda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devredilmesi planlanan sahalar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmelere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, politik ya da ekonomik alanda s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fanmamas\u0131 halinde, \u015fimdikinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte. Yeni yap\u0131da, kamu bu alandan tamamen \u00e7ekilecek ve gerek k\u00f6m\u00fcr gerekse elektrik \u00fcretim ve sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel firmalar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek.<\/p>\n

Yeni yap\u0131 ne getirir? Buradan, verimlilik art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, maliyet ve fiyat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fleri beklenebilir mi? Y\u0131llard\u0131r yerinde sayan yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretim kapasitesi, bu sayede yeniden artt\u0131r\u0131labilir mi?<\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n verece\u011fi kararlar\u0131n rasyonalitesi ve daha sonraki i\u015fletmecilik becerisi, ba\u015far\u0131 ya da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k noktas\u0131nda etkili olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 kararlarda, santral taraf\u0131yla ilgili hesaplamalar; b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131, politik risk, gelecekteki elektrik talebi, tarife \u00fccretleri, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131 gibi parametreler ve kullan\u0131lacak santral teknolojisi, yap\u0131lacak revizyonlar, \u00e7evre boyutu, rakip enerji kaynaklar\u0131 gibi hususlar elbette b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yacak.<\/p>\n

Ancak, k\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 santral projeleri, termik santral i\u015fletmecili\u011fi ile k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015fletmecili\u011finin bir arada bulundu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik projelerdir ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015fletmecili\u011fi boyutu s\u00f6z konusu projelerin en kritik ve riskli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 firmalar taraf\u0131ndan ihalelere verilen tekliflerde k\u00f6m\u00fcr boyutunun ihmal edilmesi ya da yeterince de\u011ferlendirilmemesi olumsuz sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilecektir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretim projelerinin, di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlerden farkl\u0131, belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinin bulundu\u011fu yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 firmalar taraf\u0131ndan bilinmelidir. Bu \u00f6zellikler fark\u0131nda olunmadan k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015fine girildi\u011finde, firmalar son derece s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilmektedirler.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr projelerinde \u00fcretim \u00f6ncesi faaliyetler, di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere nazaran \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcreli, kapsaml\u0131, zorlu ve maliyetlidir. Rezervin belirlenmesinden \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ilene kadar uzun ve yo\u011fun bir \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi gerekir. Bu s\u00fcre, genellikle 3 y\u0131ldan az de\u011fildir ve baz\u0131 durumlarda 12 y\u0131la kadar da uzayabilir.<\/p>\n

Bir k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervinin yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir iki ayda \u00e7alakalem yap\u0131lan bir \u00f6n fizibilite raporuyla belirlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Birka\u00e7 aritmetik i\u015flem, \u00fc\u00e7 be\u015f renkli harita ile k\u00f6m\u00fcr yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na giri\u015fenlerin sonu her zaman h\u00fcsran olmu\u015ftur. Bunun \u00fclkemizdeki \u00f6rnekleri \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Son d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6zel firmalar\u0131n sadece basit bir \u00f6n fizibilite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na dayanarak ihalelere teklif verebildikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bununla beraber, bu t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardaki hata paylar\u0131n\u0131n son derece y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczeydeki hata paylar\u0131yla verilen tekliflerin olumsuz neticelenmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr arama maliyetleri son derece y\u00fcksektir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck riskler ta\u015f\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok durumda, katlan\u0131lan y\u00fcksek arama maliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131n, ekonomik olarak i\u015fletilebilecek k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn belirlenememe olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirmelerde kamu, rezerv garantisi vermez. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck umutlarla girdi\u011fi k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ile \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n

Genellikle ilk yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetleri \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Gelir, rezervin par\u00e7a par\u00e7a t\u00fcketilmesi suretiyle elde edilir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fckendi\u011finde dahi yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr madencili\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u015fey de\u011fildir. Madencilik \u00fcretimlerinin genellikle yerle\u015fim yerlerinden uzakta yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu, altyap\u0131 maliyetlerinin di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomisi, di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00dcretim maliyetleri i\u00e7erisinde sabit maliyetler de\u011fi\u015fken maliyetlere oranla \u00e7ok daha fazla yer tutar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, k\u00f6m\u00fcr projelerinde ba\u015faba\u015f noktas\u0131ndaki \u00fcretim de\u011feri, proje kapasitesine olduk\u00e7a yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, maden i\u015fletmecileri, g\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 vardiya ve haftada yedi g\u00fcn s\u00fcreli i\u015f programlar\u0131 yapmak ve durup dinlenmeksizin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak durumunda kal\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr projelerinin de\u011ferlendirilme s\u00fcreci, k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervinin fark edilmesinden nihai yat\u0131r\u0131m karar\u0131na kadar bir dizi m\u00fchendislik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. S\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015famsald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Hatal\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr zannedilen yerde kaya \u00e7\u0131kar, milyonlarca dolarl\u0131k haz\u0131rl\u0131klar bir anda buhar olur.<\/p>\n

Jeomekanik, hidrojeolojik et\u00fct gibi m\u00fchendislik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015ftan gere\u011fi gibi yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda t\u00fcm bir k\u00f6m\u00fcr oca\u011f\u0131 yerinden kay\u0131p darmaduman olur, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn laboratuvar testleri eksik oldu\u011funda, ba\u015ftan savma, hatal\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda termik santral\u0131n istedi\u011fi k\u00f6m\u00fcr bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc tutturulamaz. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 y\u0131llarca bunun s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eker, ciddi gelir kay\u0131plar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletmenin do\u011fru tasar\u0131m\u0131, i\u015fletme y\u00f6nteminin, makina-ekipman\u0131n do\u011fru se\u00e7imi son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Koca k\u00f6m\u00fcr havzas\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck kaz\u0131c\u0131 ve kamyonlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya kalkarsan sahay\u0131 peri\u015fan eder b\u0131rak\u0131rs\u0131n. Ba\u015f\u0131na olmad\u0131k i\u015fler a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr madencili\u011fi i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi riski en y\u00fcksek faaliyetlerdendir. Gereken \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olumsuz sonucun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmez. Sahada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc kazayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131p ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeyen firmalara bu sekt\u00f6rde s\u0131k rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015fletmecili\u011fi, aramalardan madenin kapanmas\u0131na kadar her safhada, yerle\u015fim yerleri ve yerel halk \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkiler olu\u015fturur. Bunlarla ilgili en ba\u015f\u0131ndan ciddi, bilimsel \u00f6nlemleri almayan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, proje s\u00fcresince ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulamaz.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak; b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli k\u00f6m\u00fcr projeleri her zaman g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle dolu ve her a\u015famas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck risk ta\u015f\u0131yan faaliyetlerdir. Sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n, projenin en ba\u015f\u0131ndan i\u015fi s\u0131k\u0131 tutmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u015fine girmeye karar vermeden \u00f6nce detayl\u0131 ve kapsaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bu konuda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi ya da kurulu\u015flardan destek almak suretiyle tamamlamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Projenin b\u00fct\u00fcn riskleri mutlaka belirlenmeli ve duyarl\u0131l\u0131k analizleriyle projeye etkileri hesaplanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yat\u0131r\u0131m karar\u0131; projenin b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak ve t\u00fcm bir proje \u00f6mr\u00fc i\u00e7in hesaplanm\u0131\u015f; i\u00e7 karl\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131, net bug\u00fcnk\u00fc de\u011fer, fayda\/masraf oran\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcresi, kara ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131, projenin yarataca\u011f\u0131 katma de\u011fer, istihdam etkisi gibi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler bir arada de\u011ferlendirilmek suretiyle verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Bunlar yap\u0131lmay\u0131p, firmalar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cbir teklif atal\u0131m, bakal\u0131m ne olacak..\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla kazan\u0131lan ihalelerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n olumlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. B\u00f6ylesi bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n, ne verimlili\u011fe ne de maliyetlere bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi elektrik \u00fcretiminde yerli kaynak kullanma hedefine de zarar verecektir.<\/p>\n

Bu bak\u0131mdan, k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc santrallar\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilme ya da santral kurma \u015fartl\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc saha devir ihalelerinde, sonras\u0131 hesaplanmadan \u00fcst\u00fcnk\u00f6r\u00fc verilen tekliflerin hem \u00f6zel firmalar hem de \u00fclkemiz enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yazan: Dr. Nejat Tamzok – nejattamzok@yahoo.com<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.K\u00f6m\u00fcre dayal\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretim santrallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilme s\u00fcreci 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda h\u0131z kazand\u0131. Elektrik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli k\u00f6m\u00fcr santrallar\u0131n\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[11221,68,61,2873,63,67,1009,165,11222,11220,1248,11224,11223],"views":1207,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19290"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19290"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19290\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19293,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19290\/revisions\/19293"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}