{"id":178262,"date":"2023-08-16T14:57:21","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T11:57:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=178262"},"modified":"2023-08-16T14:58:26","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T11:58:26","slug":"yalitimsiz-bina-24-yilda-tum-dayanikliligini-kaybediyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/yalitimsiz-bina-24-yilda-tum-dayanikliligini-kaybediyor\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Yal\u0131t\u0131ms\u0131z Bina 24 Y\u0131lda T\u00fcm Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kaybediyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Marmara Depremi\u2019nin \u00fczerinden tam 24 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 bin vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi 45 bin vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketi unutmamak deprem ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda yer alan \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Her f\u0131rsatta depremin de\u011fil tedbirsizli\u011fin \u00f6l\u00fcmlere sebep oldu\u011funu vurgulayan \u0130ZODER Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Emrullah Eruslu, \u201cKendimizi olumsuz d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden korumak i\u00e7in in\u015fa etti\u011fimiz binalar\u0131m\u0131z depremde de g\u00fcvenli liman\u0131m\u0131z olmal\u0131\u201d<\/em> diyerek depremlerde y\u0131k\u0131lmayan g\u00fcvenli binalar i\u00e7in su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekti. <\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00dclke olarak 17 A\u011fustos 1999\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen B\u00fcy\u00fck Marmara depremini derin bir ac\u0131 olarak y\u00fcre\u011fimizde ta\u015f\u0131rken 6 \u015eubat 2023\u2019de yeni ve korkun\u00e7 bir deprem felaketiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131k. Deprem, korku olarak T\u00fcrk toplumunun bilin\u00e7alt\u0131na yerle\u015firken bilimin sesi do\u011fru yap\u0131la\u015fma ile y\u0131k\u0131lan binalara, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak deprem sebepli \u00f6l\u00fcmlere dur denilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. \u00d6zetle deprem de\u011fil yanl\u0131\u015f yerde, standartlara uygun olmadan yap\u0131lan denetimsiz binalar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Oysa ya\u015famlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 konforlu ve huzurlu bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in\u00a0 in\u015fa etti\u011fimiz binalar mezar\u0131m\u0131z de\u011fil g\u00fcvenli liman\u0131m\u0131z olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

17 A\u011fustos Marmara Depremi\u2019nin 24. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapan \u0130ZODER – Is\u0131 Su Ses ve Yang\u0131n Yal\u0131t\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 Derne\u011fi Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Emrullah Eruslu<\/strong>, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:\"\" \u201c\u0130ZODER olarak deprem hassas noktam\u0131z. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her f\u0131rsatta depreme kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemler konusunda ilgili kurumlar ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z nezdinde gerekli uyar\u0131lar\u0131 yapmaya devam ediyoruz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biliyoruz ki yap\u0131lar, depremden de\u011fil hatal\u0131 uygulamalar ve denetimsizlikten dolay\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131yor. S\u0131kl\u0131kla tekrarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi depremin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biri yap\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131ma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc olumsuz etkileyen korozyon. Betonarme yap\u0131 sistemlerinin en zay\u0131f noktalar\u0131ndan birini suya kar\u015f\u0131 olan hassasiyeti olu\u015fturuyor. Ya\u011fmur, kar, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131<\/strong>, zeminde yer alan nem, mutfak, banyo, tuvalet gibi \u0131slak hacimlerdeki su ka\u00e7aklar\u0131,<\/strong> binan\u0131n in\u015fa edildi\u011fi zeminde bulunan bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 veya bas\u0131n\u00e7s\u0131z yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131<\/strong> nedeniyle binalar s\u00fcrekli olarak suya maruz<\/strong> kalabiliyor. Suyun ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131na n\u00fcfuz etmesi, betonun i\u00e7indeki demirin paslanmas\u0131na yani korozyona neden oluyor. Korozyon ise yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini azalt\u0131yor. Betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, tasar\u0131m \u00f6m\u00fcrleri s\u00fcresince i\u015flevlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n standartlara uygun \u015fekilde su ve \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> ile korozyondan korunmas\u0131<\/strong> gerekiyor. \u00d6zetle yap\u0131lar\u0131n ana unsurlar\u0131 olan demir ve betonu suyun olumsuz etkilerinden yal\u0131t\u0131mla koruyarak binalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 depreme kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli hale getirebiliriz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Su yal\u0131t\u0131ms\u0131z binalar korozyon nedeniyle sadece 5 y\u0131lda ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesinin y\u00fczde 50\u2019sini kaybedebilir<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada Karadeniz Teknik \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. \u015eakir Erdo\u011fdu\u2019nun donat\u0131 ve korozyon ili\u015fkisini ortaya koyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan verileri payla\u015fan \u0130ZODER Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Emrullah Eruslu<\/strong>, \u201cSuya maruz kalan bir donat\u0131, 5 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesinin y\u00fczde 50\u2019sini, 15 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131n\u0131, 24 y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda ise tamam\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor. Yani herhangi bir deprem ya da d\u0131\u015f etken olmadan bile sadece donat\u0131 korozyonu ile bir yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesi s\u00f6z konusu. 17 A\u011fustos 1999 Marmara Depremi sonras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi Hasar Tespit Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan incelemeler sonucunda, y\u00fczde 79\u2019u hasarl\u0131 bulunan 55 bin 651 konut ve i\u015fyerinin y\u00fczde 64\u2019\u00fcnde korozyon tespit edilmi\u015fti\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de su yal\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 bina say\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131 stokunun y\u00fczde 2\u2019si bile de\u011fil<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Yal\u0131t\u0131mla binalar\u0131n enerji verimli, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, konforlu ve g\u00fcvenli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Emrullah Eruslu, <\/strong>a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na; \u201cBinalar\u0131n deprem gibi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkenler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ayakta kalabilmesi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahip olan Binalarda Su Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, sadece 5 y\u0131l \u00f6nce y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi. Bundan sonra t\u00fcm binalarda do\u011fru su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Binan\u0131n do\u011frudan suya maruz kalan \u00e7at\u0131, temel, \u0131slak hacim gibi b\u00f6lgelerinde uygulanacak su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve halk aras\u0131nda terleme olarak bilinen yo\u011fu\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyen \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru ve eksiksiz yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile binalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 koruyabiliriz. Bug\u00fcn \u00fclkemizde 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k binalar \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlam\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, oysa binalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc en az 80-100 y\u0131l olmal\u0131. Binalarda Su Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi 1 Haziran 2018\u2019den itibaren in\u015fa edilen ve zorunlu olarak su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan bina say\u0131s\u0131 toplam yap\u0131 stokunun sadece y\u00fczde 1,5-2\u2019sini olu\u015fturuyor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon bina, 22 milyonun \u00fczerinde konutun bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkemizde bu oranlar maalesef g\u00fcvenli bina say\u0131s\u0131 konusunda olmam\u0131z gereken noktadan \u00e7ok uzakta bulundu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6steriyor\u201d diyerek devam etti.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da olas\u0131 depremde 194 bin binan\u0131n hasar g\u00f6rece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u201c7,5 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki senaryo depreminde \u0130stanbul\u2019daki binalar\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczde 17\u2019sinin (yakla\u015f\u0131k 194 bin<\/strong> bina) orta ve \u00fcst seviyede hasar g\u00f6rece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor\u201d diyen Emrullah Eruslu<\/strong>; \u201c20 Ekim 2020 tarihinde kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lan \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi ile Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Deprem M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ana Bilim Dal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201c\u0130stanbul \u0130li Olas\u0131 Deprem Kay\u0131p Tahminlerinin G\u00fcncellenmesi Projesi\u201d raporunda yer alan sonu\u00e7lar durumun ciddiyetini ortaya koyuyor; 7,5 <\/strong>b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki senaryo depreminde \u0130stanbul\u2019daki binalar\u0131n ortalama y\u00fczde 26<\/strong>\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n hafif, y\u00fczde 13<\/strong>\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn orta, y\u00fczde 3<\/strong>\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r ve y\u00fczde 1<\/strong>\u2019inin \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6rmesi bekleniyor. Senaryo depreminde a\u011f\u0131r ve \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 binalar\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 deprem hasar\u0131 onar\u0131lamayacak boyutta olmakta ve bu hasar seviyelerindeki binalar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p tekrar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gere\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00d6te yandan orta hasarl\u0131 binalar\u0131n da onar\u0131m yerine y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p yeniden in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla daha uygun oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor\u201d \u015feklinde konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Kiralayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ya da sat\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z evlerde mutlaka su ve \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 olmal\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ba\u015fta bilim insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131n bir gelecekte ya\u015fanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilen Marmara Depremi\u2019ni kapsayan b\u00f6lgeler olmak \u00fczere yurt genelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fcvenli binalar in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir f\u0131rsat bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7eken Eruslu<\/strong>, \u201cYeni in\u015fa edilecek binalarda zemin et\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yap\u0131n\u0131n tekni\u011fine uygun olarak tasarlanmas\u0131, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden yal\u0131t\u0131m ile korunmas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin yine tekni\u011fine uygun \u015fekilde denetlenmesi gerekiyor\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Eruslu,<\/strong> yeni bir ev kiralayacak veya sat\u0131n alacaklara da uyar\u0131larda bulunarak \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c\u0130lk a\u015famada binan\u0131z\u0131n ruhsat durumunu ve tarihini sorgulay\u0131n. \u00dclkemizde yap\u0131 ruhsat\u0131 alabilmek i\u00e7in 14 Haziran 2000 tarihinden itibaren \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, 01 Haziran 2018\u2019den itibaren ise su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011funu bilerek binan\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m durumunu sorgulayabilirsiniz. Binan\u0131n ara katlar\u0131ndaki d\u0131\u015f duvarlar\u0131ndaki su izleri, s\u0131va kabar\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, mantar ve k\u00fcf olu\u015fumlar\u0131 yap\u0131da \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 eksikli\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Kiralayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z veya sat\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z konutun i\u00e7ini gezerken ba\u015fta kuzey cepheleri olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. E\u011fer \u00e7at\u0131 kat\u0131nda oturacaksan\u0131z tavanlar ile birlikte tavan ve d\u0131\u015f duvar birle\u015fimlerinde ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde su izleri, s\u0131va kabar\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ve yap\u0131sal \u00e7atlak olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131n. Bu problemler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z yap\u0131da \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve\/veya su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 eksikli\u011fine i\u015faret eder. Sadece oturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z daireyi kontrol etmeniz yeterli de\u011fil. Yap\u0131ya gelecek suyu uzakla\u015ft\u0131racak olan bir drenaj sistemi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorun. Yap\u0131sal \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve demirlerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka takip edin. Kolon kiri\u015f gibi ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 elemanlara zarar verilmedi\u011finden emin olun. Yap\u0131n\u0131n temelinde su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulay\u0131n. Binan\u0131n bodrumunda perde duvar, kiri\u015f ya da kolonlarda su izleri, \u00e7atlaklar, su ve nemden kaynaklanan siyah lekeler ya da pamuk\u00e7uklar yap\u0131n\u0131n temelinde su yal\u0131t\u0131m problemi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Sonradan binan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na, tuvalet, banyo gibi suyun kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131slak hacimlerine su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, d\u0131\u015f cephelerine ise d\u0131\u015ftan \u0131s\u0131 yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak binan\u0131n temellerine sonradan su yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131larak binan\u0131n suyun zararl\u0131 etkilerinden korunmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130ZODER\u2019in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, yal\u0131t\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn katk\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00c7evre, \u015eehircilik ve \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n destekleri ile haz\u0131rlanan \u2018Su Yal\u0131t\u0131m Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi K\u0131lavuzu\u2019na <\/strong>www.izoder.org.tr<\/strong><\/a> sitesinden ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. B\u00fcy\u00fck Marmara Depremi\u2019nin \u00fczerinden tam 24 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 bin vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi 45 bin vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00fcy\u00fck felaketi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":178264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[675,380,58885,77650,33915,5737],"views":93,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178262"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=178262"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/178262\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/178264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=178262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=178262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=178262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}