{"id":16933,"date":"2013-10-29T17:33:57","date_gmt":"2013-10-29T14:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=16933"},"modified":"2015-05-23T14:33:34","modified_gmt":"2015-05-23T11:33:34","slug":"en-ucuz-alternatif-enerji-kaynagi-biyokutle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/en-ucuz-alternatif-enerji-kaynagi-biyokutle\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) En Ucuz Alternatif Enerji Kayna\u011f\u0131: Biyok\u00fctle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

D\u00fcnya Enerji Konseyi WEC\u2019ye g\u00f6re biok\u00fctlenin ve \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fcklerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen organik maddelerden olu\u015fan metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n toplanarak yak\u0131lmas\u0131 finansal a\u00e7\u0131dan en ucuz alternatif enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 konumunda bulunuyor. R\u00fczgar enerjisi de maliyetleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve hidroelektrik santralleriyle yar\u0131\u015fabilen bir di\u011fer enerji.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir enerjilerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in finansal a\u00e7\u0131dan karl\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar olmas\u0131 gerekiyor. D\u00fcnya Enerji Konseyi elektrik \u00fcretiminin karl\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in megavat saatinin teknolojiye ve \u00fcretildi\u011fi b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re en az ka\u00e7 dolardan sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de hesapl\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyada hangi yak\u0131t\u0131n elektrik \u00fcretimde kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise bu maliyetlerin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi belirliyor.<\/p>\n

Bozulan \u00e7\u00f6plerden ve \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyen organik materyalden \u00e7\u0131kan metan gaz\u0131n\u0131 harmanlayarak enerji elde etmeye dayanan bu teknolojide Avrupa ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Ard\u0131ndan ABD ve Brezilya geliyor. En ucuz metan gaz\u0131 elde etme y\u00f6ntemi \u00e7\u00f6ple doldurularak kapat\u0131lan alanlarda olu\u015fan metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n borularla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015feklinde elde ediliyor. Bu \u015fekilde \u00fcretilen elektri\u011fin karl\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in megavat saatinin ise ABD\u2019de en az 50, \u00c7in\u2019de ise en az 34 dolardan sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar enerjisi<\/h2>\n

R\u00fczgar enerjisinin kurlum masraflar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcrbin olu\u015fturuyor. T\u00fcrbin masraf\u0131, toplam\u0131n y\u00fczde 63\u2032\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015ftururken geri kalan\u0131 ise gerekli beton yap\u0131lar, ula\u015f\u0131m ve r\u00fczgar santral\u0131 dikilecek sahan\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na gidiyor. R\u00fczgar trib\u00fcnlerinin y\u00fczde 40\u2032\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreten \u00c7in, bu dalda ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Enerji Konseyi WEC\u2019nin verilerine g\u00f6re t\u00fcrbin teknolojisinin artmas\u0131yla da maliyetlerde de ciddi gerileme ya\u015fand\u0131. 2008\u2032de zirve yapan r\u00fczgar trib\u00fcne fiyatlar\u0131 bug\u00fcn zirvesinden y\u00fczde 30 gerilemi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

R\u00fczgar enerjisinin faturas\u0131 da \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. Genelde \u00fcretilecek megavat ba\u015f\u0131na 1 ila 1,5 milyon dolar kurulum masraf\u0131 gerektiren r\u00fczgar enerjisi, megavat ba\u015f\u0131na da 20 bin ila 25 bin dolar i\u015fletme masraf\u0131 gerektiriyor. R\u00fczgar enerjisine yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mdan kar edilebilmesi i\u00e7inse megavat saatinin, Hindistan ve \u00c7in\u2019de en az 50 dolar seviyesinden, ABD\u2019de 61 dolardan, Avrupa\u2019da 71 dolardan sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019de r\u00fczgar enerji maliyetlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle 2015 hedefi olan 100GW\u2019l\u0131k kapasite a\u015f\u0131larak 128GW\u2019l\u0131k kapasiteye eri\u015fecek.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi hala y\u00fcksek maliyetli<\/h2>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinde ise 2011 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Avrupa yeni santrallerin y\u00fczde 70-80\u2032i Avrupa\u2019dayken bu durum 2012\u2032de de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yeni g\u00fcne\u015f santrallerinin y\u00fczde 50\u2032si Avrupa\u2019dayken, \u00c7in\u2019den ve Japonya\u2019dan gelen yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla bu oran 2015\u2032te y\u00fczde 20\u2032ye d\u00fc\u015fecek.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019da kar edilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin megavat saati 80-90 dolar seviyesinden sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, ABD\u2019de ise en az 117 dolardan sat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden elektrik elde etmekte yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fotovolt teknolojisi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Daha emekleme a\u015famas\u0131nda olan yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fotovolt teknolojisinde k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fczeyler g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir noktada yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Yo\u011funla\u015fan bu noktada daha az fotosel kullan\u0131lmad\u0131 gerekti\u011fi i\u00e7in kurum masraflar\u0131n\u0131 da azaltabiliyor. D\u00fcnyada halihaz\u0131rda 130MW \u00fcretim kapasitesi olan yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f PV ile \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde 700MW daha \u00fcretim yap\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n

Solar termal teknolojisi de geli\u015fmekte olan bir di\u011fer g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi t\u00fcrevi. Bu teknolojide ise g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi suyu buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131larak, olu\u015fan buhar trib\u00fcnleri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmekte kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Geleneksel elektrik \u00fcretimi<\/h2>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr, do\u011falgaz ve hidroelektrik mevcut olarak kullan\u0131lan konvansiyonel elektrik \u00fcretimi y\u00f6ntemleri.<\/p>\n

Hidroelektik santralleri<\/h2>\n

Hidroelektrik santrallerinde elektrik \u00fcretiminin maliyeti, barajlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lge, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc akarsu ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gibi co\u011frafik \u015fartlardan \u00e7ok etkilenebiliyor. T\u00fcm \u015fartlar uygun oldu\u011funda hidroelektrik elektrik \u00fcretiminin megavat saatinin karl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 20 dolar seviyelerine kadar gerileyebiliyor. Ancak \u015fartlar olumsuz oldu\u011fu ve maliyetlerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan gereken sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 megavat saat ba\u015f\u0131na 300 dolarlara \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Fosil yak\u0131tlar<\/h2>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol, do\u011falgaz gibi fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 hala elektrik elde etmenin en ucuz y\u00f6ntemini olu\u015fturuyor. \u00d6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019de megavat saat fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n en az 35 dolara sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda finansal a\u00e7\u0131dan karl\u0131 olmas\u0131 bu yak\u0131tlar\u0131n k\u0131sa vadede hala en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. D\u00fcnyada 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda WEC verilerine g\u00f6re 5161GW\u2019l\u0131k kapasitenin y\u00fczde 35,6\u2032s\u0131n\u0131 ve elektrik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 46\u2032s\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr ya da linyit santrallerince kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci s\u0131rada \u00fcretimin y\u00fczde 18\u2032ini sa\u011flayan do\u011fal gaz ve ard\u0131ndan y\u00fczde 15,7\u2032lik payla hidroelektrik santralleri geldi. K\u00fcresel elektrik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 13,1\u2032i n\u00fckleer santrallerden sa\u011flan\u0131rken, r\u00fczgar y\u00fczde 2,8 ve biok\u00fctle ise y\u00fczde 3,3 oran\u0131nda \u00fcretimde kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.D\u00fcnya Enerji Konseyi WEC\u2019ye g\u00f6re biok\u00fctlenin ve \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fcklerde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen organik maddelerden olu\u015fan metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n toplanarak yak\u0131lmas\u0131 finansal a\u00e7\u0131dan en ucuz alternatif enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[22893,53],"tags":[219,1678,936,19,63,67,1009,165,1800,227,9915,69,1296,1146,105],"views":784,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16933"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16933"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16971,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16933\/revisions\/16971"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16933"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16933"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}