{"id":143945,"date":"2021-10-14T16:04:04","date_gmt":"2021-10-14T13:04:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=143945"},"modified":"2021-10-14T16:04:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T13:04:04","slug":"rapor-dan-uyari-g20-ulkeleri-nin-emisyonlari-yeniden-yukseliste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/rapor-dan-uyari-g20-ulkeleri-nin-emisyonlari-yeniden-yukseliste\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Rapor’dan Uyar\u0131: G20 \u00dclkelerinin Emisyonlar\u0131 Yeniden Y\u00fckseli\u015fte!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Net s\u0131f\u0131r taahh\u00fctleri ve g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f ulusal katk\u0131 beyanlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, G20 \u00fclkelerinin iklim eylemleri, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 1,5 derece ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma hedefine ula\u015fmaktan \u00e7ok uzak…<\/strong><\/h2>\n

COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> nedeniyle, \u0131sa bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6neminin ard\u0131ndan sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131<\/strong> G20 genelinde yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti ve Arjantin, \u00c7in, Hindistan<\/strong> ve Endonezya<\/strong>‘n\u0131n 2019 emisyon seviyelerini<\/strong> a\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda en kapsaml\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k durum de\u011ferlendirmesini sunan \"\"ve G20 \u00fclkelerinin iklim eylemlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran \u0130klim \u015eeffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Raporu<\/strong>‘nun (Climate Transparency Report) \u00f6nemli bulgular\u0131ndan biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

2020’de enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn CO2<\/strong> emisyonlar\u0131 G20 genelinde %6<\/strong> oran\u0131nda azald\u0131. Ancak 2021’de %4<\/strong>\u2019l\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Raporun ba\u015f yazarlar\u0131ndan G\u00fcney Koreli kurulu\u015f \u0130klimimiz i\u00e7in \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler\u2019den (Solutions For Our Climate) Gahee Han<\/strong>, “K\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n %75<\/strong>‘inden sorumlu olan G20 \u00fclkeleri<\/strong> genelinde emisyonlar\u0131n yeniden y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7mesi<\/strong>, net s\u0131f\u0131r taahh\u00fctleri<\/strong>ni yerine getirmek i\u00e7in emisyonlar\u0131n acilen keskin<\/strong> ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde azalt\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor” diyor.<\/p>\n

Raporda G20 \u00fclkelerinde g\u00fcne\u015f<\/strong> ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisine<\/strong> yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n artmas\u0131yla kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn 2020\u2019de yeni rekorlar k\u0131rmas\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 olumlu geli\u015fmelere de yer veriliyor. Yenilenebilir enerjinin enerji arz\u0131 i\u00e7inde 2020 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki %10<\/strong>‘luk pay\u0131n\u0131n, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda %12<\/strong>‘ye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Elektrik<\/strong> ve \u0131s\u0131<\/strong> elde etme ama\u00e7l\u0131 enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, yenilenebilir enerjinin pay\u0131 2015 ve 2020 aras\u0131nda %20 artt\u0131 ve 2021\u2019de G20’nin enerji karmas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %30’unu olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131<\/strong> tahmin ediliyor. Bir taraftan da uzmanlar, \u0130ngiltere d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda G20 \u00fcyeleri<\/strong>nin hi\u00e7birinin 2050’ye kadar<\/strong> enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde %100 yenilenebilir enerjiye<\/strong> ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in k\u0131sa ya da uzun vadeli stratejilere<\/strong> sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu olumlu geli\u015fmelere ra\u011fmen fosil yak\u0131tlara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k azalm\u0131yor. Aksine, k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminin 2021’de yakla\u015f\u0131k %5 artaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilirken, 2015-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda G20 genelinde do\u011falgaz t\u00fcketimi halihaz\u0131rda %12 artt\u0131<\/strong>. Rapor, k\u00f6m\u00fcrdeki b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcreticisi ve t\u00fcketicisi olan \u00c7in’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini, \u00c7in\u2019in ard\u0131ndan ABD ve Hindistan’\u0131n geldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00e7o\u011fu G20 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu ekonomilere ge\u00e7i\u015fin gereklili\u011finin fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, yap\u0131lan son a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 1,5\u00b0C<\/strong> ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in en ge\u00e7 2050’ye<\/strong> kadar net s\u0131f\u0131r hedeflerine<\/strong> ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor; \u0130klim \u015eeffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Raporu<\/strong>‘na g\u00f6re G20 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu bunu kabul etmi\u015f durumda. A\u011fustos 2021 itibariyle, 14 G20 \u00fcyesi, k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse %61’ini kapsayacak \u015fekilde net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefleri belirledi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131’nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi, anla\u015fmaya taraf olan her \u00fclkenin bir Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyan\u0131<\/strong> sunmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Bu beyan, her h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yerine getirmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedefleri, politikalar\u0131 ve \u00f6nlemleri belirleyen bir iklim plan\u0131d\u0131r. Eyl\u00fcl 2021 itibariyle, 13 G20 \u00fcyesi (AB’nin ulusal katk\u0131 beyan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Fransa, Almanya ve \u0130talya dahil) katk\u0131 beyanlar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcncellemeleri resmi olarak sunarken, alt\u0131 \u00fclke 2030 i\u00e7in daha iddial\u0131 hedefler belirledi. <\/strong>Gelgelelim uzmanlar Nisan 2021\u2019de de\u011ferlendirilen mevcut hedeflerin, tam olarak uygulanmalar\u0131 halinde bile, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar 2,4\u00b0C’lik bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n genel koordinasyonundan sorumlu Climate Analytics’ten Kim Coetzee <\/strong>“G20 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin daha iddial\u0131 ulusal emisyon azaltma hedefleriyle masaya gelmesi gerekiyor. Bu rapordaki rakamlar, G20 h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri olmadan g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir de\u011fi\u015fim yarat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 <\/strong>do\u011fruluyor. Bunu biz de biliyoruz, onlar da biliyorlar. COP26<\/strong> \u00f6ncesinde top art\u0131k onlar\u0131n sahas\u0131nda\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

Raporda belirtilen \u00f6nemli rakamlar: <\/strong><\/h3>\n

– H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131na<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131 tedbirler nedeniyle, enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn CO2 emisyonlar\u0131 2020’de %6 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131<\/strong>. Bununla birlikte, 2021’de CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n G20 genelinde %4 oran\u0131nda y\u00fckselece\u011fi, Arjantin, \u00c7in, Hindistan<\/strong> ve Endonezya<\/strong>‘n\u0131n 2019\u2019daki emisyon seviyelerini a\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n

– G20’nin yenilenebilir enerjideki <\/strong>pay\u0131 2019’da % 9<\/strong> iken, 2020’de Toplam Birincil Enerji Arz\u0131<\/strong>‘nda (TPES) %10’a y\u00fckseldi. Bu e\u011filimin 2021’de %12’ye y\u00fckselerek <\/strong>devam edece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

– 2015 ve 2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda G20’nin enerji karmas\u0131nda yenilenebilir enerjinin pay\u0131 %20 <\/strong>artarak 2020’de G20’nin enerji \u00fcretiminde %28,6<\/strong>‘ya ula\u015ft\u0131 ve 2021’de %29,5<\/strong>‘e ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n

– 2015’ten 2020’ye kadar G20 genelinde enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn karbon yo\u011funlu\u011fu %4 azald\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcketiminin 2021’de yakla\u015f\u0131k %5 artaca\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>tahmin edilirken, bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fta \u00c7in (%61) olmak \u00fczere, ABD (%18) ve Hindistan (%17) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

– G20’de ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen en y\u00fcksek bina emisyonlar\u0131 ABD<\/strong> (ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 4,9 ton CO2) ve Avustralya\u2019da<\/strong> (ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 4,1 ton CO2) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor (G20 ortalamas\u0131 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 1,4 ton). Rakamlar, \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretimi<\/strong> i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n<\/strong>, \u00f6zellikle de do\u011falgaz<\/strong> ve petrol\u00fcn<\/strong> y\u00fcksek pay\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

– 1999 ve 2018 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda <\/strong>d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda iklim etkileri nedeniyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 500.000 \u00f6l\u00fcm ve 3,5 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131na yak\u0131n ekonomik kay\u0131p ya\u015fand\u0131 ve 2018\u2019de<\/strong> en b\u00fcy\u00fcn darbeyi \u00c7in, Hindistan, Japonya, Almanya<\/strong> ve ABD<\/strong> ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

– G20<\/strong> genelinde, elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yeni otomobil sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndaki ortalama pazar pay\u0131 % 3,2<\/strong> (AB hari\u00e7) gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir orana sahip. Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n en y\u00fcksek pazar pay\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu \u00fclkeler ise Almanya, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere.<\/p>\n

– G20 \u00fcyeleri, 2018-2019 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda fosil yak\u0131tlar i\u00e7in kamu kaynaklar\u0131ndan y\u0131lda 50,7 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 harcad\u0131. <\/strong>En y\u00fcksek kamu harcamas\u0131n\u0131 yapan \u00fclkeler Japonya (y\u0131lda 10,3 milyar ABD dolar\u0131), \u00c7in (y\u0131lda 8 milyar ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131n biraz \u00fczerinde) ve G\u00fcney Kore\u2019ydi (y\u0131lda 8 milyar ABD dolar\u0131ndan biraz az).<\/p>\n

G20 \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, sera gaz\u0131 azalt\u0131m hedeflerini<\/strong> yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in COVID-19<\/strong> kurtarma paketlerinden yararlanma f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 da ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131. Toplam 1,8 trilyon ABD dolarl\u0131k<\/strong> kurtarma harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n sadece 300 milyar ABD dolar\u0131<\/strong>, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fcjdeyle ba\u015flat\u0131lan “ye\u015fil” toparlanma<\/strong> s\u00fcrecine giderken, fosil yak\u0131tlar s\u00fcbvanse edilmeye<\/strong> devam etti.<\/p>\n

Arjantinli kurulu\u015f Fundaci\u00f3n Ambiente y Recursos Naturales’ten (FARN) Enrique Maurtua Konstantinidis<\/strong>, “Verimsiz fosil yak\u0131t s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 makul seviyeye indirme ve a\u015famal\u0131 olarak kald\u0131rma taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn verilmesinin \u00fczerinden on y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen G20 \u00fcyeleri hala iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine neden olan kirli yak\u0131tlara<\/strong> milyarlarca dolar kaynak ak\u0131tmaya<\/strong> devam ediyor” diyor. 2019\u2019da Suudi Arabistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki G20 \u00fcyeleri k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol<\/strong> ve do\u011falgaz \u00fcretimi<\/strong> ve t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7in en az 152 milyar ABD dolar\u0131<\/strong> tutar\u0131nda s\u00fcbvansiyon sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Raporun yazarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, etkili karbon fiyatland\u0131rma programlar\u0131yla<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu bir ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f te\u015fvik edilebilir. Bununla birlikte, G20 \u00fcyelerinden<\/strong> sadece 13\u2019\u00fcnde<\/strong> net bir ulusal karbon fiyatland\u0131rma program\u0131 bulunuyor. Brezilya, Endonezya, Rusya <\/strong>ve T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> b\u00f6yle bir program ba\u015flatmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim \u015eeffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Raporu<\/strong>, 14 G20 \u00fcyesinden 16 ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fu ve STK taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Raporun amac\u0131, G20 \u00fcyelerinin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyum, etki azaltma<\/strong> ve finansman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak, son politika geli\u015fmelerini analiz etmek<\/strong> ve iklim konusunda G20 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin<\/strong> faydalanabilece\u011fi f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 belirlemektir. Bu, G20 iklim eylemlerinin<\/strong> de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi y\u0131ll\u0131k g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmenin 7. versiyonudur.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Net s\u0131f\u0131r taahh\u00fctleri ve g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f ulusal katk\u0131 beyanlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, G20 \u00fclkelerinin iklim eylemleri, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 1,5 derece ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma hedefine ula\u015fmaktan \u00e7ok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":143947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[68754,25782,62139,60650,97571,1471,97572,75986],"views":145,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143945"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=143945"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/143945\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/143947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=143945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=143945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=143945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}