{"id":14344,"date":"2013-08-22T09:14:54","date_gmt":"2013-08-22T06:14:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=14344"},"modified":"2013-08-22T09:14:54","modified_gmt":"2013-08-22T06:14:54","slug":"kose-yazisi-dogalgazda-norvec-yontemini-ugulamaliyiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/kose-yazisi-dogalgazda-norvec-yontemini-ugulamaliyiz\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131: Do\u011falgazda Norve\u00e7 Y\u00f6ntemini Ugulamal\u0131y\u0131z…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

D\u00fcnyam\u0131zdaki genel uygulamaya bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, do\u011fal kaynaklar bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkede bilinenin ve olmas\u0131 gerekenin aksine tek ba\u015f\u0131na hi\u00e7 bir fayda getirmemekte, ekonomik durgunluk veya kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde de ekonomiyi daha k\u00f6t\u00fc durumlara sokabilmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Petrol zengini \u00fclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, varl\u0131k y\u00f6netimi ve gelir de\u011ferlendirmesi konusunda adil davranmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve kamu y\u00f6netimi olu\u015fturup, kamunun haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sorunlar ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar veya ya\u015fayacaklard\u0131r. \u0130ran, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, Suudi Arabistan, Libya, Irak ve benzeri petrol \u00fcreten \u00fclkeler bu adaletsizli\u011fin getirdi\u011fi huzursuzlu\u011fu ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sanc\u0131lar\u0131, bug\u00fcne de\u011fin \u00fcstlerini \u00f6rtmeyi ba\u015farmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Libya gibi, Irak gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde y\u0131llar\u0131n adaletsiz gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u00f6kenlenen halk ayaklanmas\u0131yla d\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilmi\u015f ve \u00fclkeyi y\u0131llarca demir yumrukla y\u00f6netip petrol gelirlerinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131na el koymu\u015f olan y\u00f6neticiler, aileleri ve yak\u0131n mesai arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile birlikte bu a\u00e7\u0131kg\u00f6zl\u00fc davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bedelini hayatlar\u0131 ile \u00f6demi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdilik halk\u0131n hareketlenmedi\u011fi geri kalan \u00fclkelerde de bir g\u00fcn bu k\u0131p\u0131rdanma olacak ve adil gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olu\u015funcaya kadar da ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 s\u00fcreci devam edecektir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn y\u0131ll\u0131k 46 bin dolarla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 gelire sahip olan Norve\u00e7, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile d\u00fcnya ekonomisi i\u00e7inde \u00f6nemli ve sayg\u0131n bir yere sahiptir. Norve\u00e7\u2019in Rusya ve Suudi Arabistan\u2019dan sonra d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck 3. petrol ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen refah d\u00fczeyinin k\u00f6keninde petrol\u00fcn kendisinin yerine, uygulamaya koydu\u011fu \u201cPetrol Y\u00f6netimi Fonu\u201d ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma-Geli\u015ftirmeye (Ar-Ge) dayal\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu alternatif ekonomik faaliyetler yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Groningen b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan petrol g\u00f6zleri Kuzey denizine \u00e7evirdi ve Einar Gerh\"\"<\/a>ardsen h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1963 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda Norve\u00e7 K\u0131ta Sahanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (NKS) ilan etti. Norve\u00e7 Meclisi, NKS\u2019de bulunacak her t\u00fcr do\u011fal kayna\u011f\u0131n devlete ait oldu\u011funa ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile \u00fcretim izninin ise sadece Kral, yani H\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan verilebilece\u011fine dair bir yasa ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

Norve\u00e7 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti karada ve denizdeki kom\u015fular\u0131 ile M\u00fcnhas\u0131r Ekonomik B\u00f6lge (MEB) s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 belirledi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 imzala\u015fmalardan sonra da ilk s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izgisi 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda haritalara i\u015flendi. 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan ilk kuyunun kuru \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar devam etti ve ilk petrol 15 Haziran 1971 tarihinde vanadan akmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda neredeyse Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en fakir \u00fclkesi konumunda olan Norve\u00e7, y\u0131llar hatta as\u0131rlar sonra yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu nimeti \u00e7ok ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kitlesel refaha d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Petrole dayal\u0131 \u201cyangelip yatmak\u201d ekonomisi yerine, petrol gelirlerini bir fonda toplad\u0131 ve bu paran\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kalifiye i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ve teknolojik alt yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Donan\u0131ml\u0131 insan g\u00fcc\u00fc birikimi, ekonomik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc tetikledi ve e\u011fitilmi\u015f insan g\u00fcc\u00fc farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde hizmet vermeye ve satmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer petrol \u00fclkelerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, petrol\u00fcn verdi\u011fi rahatl\u0131\u011fa ve parasal g\u00fcvene kanmay\u0131p, petrol\u00fcn zorla yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek tip ekonomi tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmedi. Vanadan akan ilk damladan hemen sonra Ekonomi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131na bir \u201cPetrol Fonu\u201d kuruldu ve t\u00fcm do\u011falgaz ve petrol rezervleri kamu mal\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek, petrol ve do\u011falgaz gelirleri bu fonda biriktirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu fonu idare eden Merkez Bankas\u0131 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6zerk bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek, politikac\u0131lar ile fonun ba\u011f\u0131 tamamen kopar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Norve\u00e7\u2019teki siyasi partilerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, ekonominin petrolden gelen s\u0131cak paradan uzak tutulmas\u0131 konusunda ortak bir politika izlediklerinden, Norve\u00e7 hi\u00e7 bir zaman petrol ihra\u00e7 eden di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 finansal problem ve krizleri ya\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Norve\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fini vermemin nedeni, k\u0131sa bir d\u00f6nem sonra \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7\u0131kacak olan \u201cDo\u011falgaz ve petrol\u201d sorununu, Rumlarla ortak bir devlet kursak da kurmasak da, Norve\u00e7 gibi ak\u0131lc\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem ve uygulama ile uzun vadeli ve s\u00fcrekli olacak bir refaha d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmemizin en ak\u0131lc\u0131 yol olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemdir. B\u00f6lgenin uza\u011f\u0131nda de\u011filiz ve nas\u0131l olsa bu do\u011falgaz veya petrol bir \u015fekilde bize de bula\u015facak.<\/p>\n

Yazan: Prof. Dr. Ata Atun<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.D\u00fcnyam\u0131zdaki genel uygulamaya bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, do\u011fal kaynaklar bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkede bilinenin ve olmas\u0131 gerekenin aksine tek ba\u015f\u0131na hi\u00e7 bir fayda getirmemekte, ekonomik durgunluk […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46,53],"tags":[92,226,63,67,1009,165,7792,7791,7790],"views":442,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14344"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14344"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14344\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14346,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14344\/revisions\/14346"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}