{"id":142529,"date":"2021-09-22T14:06:42","date_gmt":"2021-09-22T11:06:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=142529"},"modified":"2021-09-22T14:18:03","modified_gmt":"2021-09-22T11:18:03","slug":"iklim-krizi-ve-cozum-onerileri-ni-anlamak-icin-bilmeniz-gereken-15-kavram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/iklim-krizi-ve-cozum-onerileri-ni-anlamak-icin-bilmeniz-gereken-15-kavram\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u0130klim Krizi ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerilerini Anlamak \u0130\u00e7in Bilmeniz Gereken Kavramlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

\u0130klimle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 felaketler t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada g\u00fcndemin ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Gezegenimizin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditler aras\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7eken iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, uzmanlara g\u00f6re acil ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir “kriz” halini ald\u0131.<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler belgelerinde “\u0130nsanl\u0131k i\u00e7in k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alarm”<\/strong> olarak nitelendirilen iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \"\"derhal durdurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha da art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Denizleri<\/strong> ve havay\u0131<\/strong> etkileyen \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi, at\u0131k <\/strong>ve \u00e7\u00f6p sorunu, kurakl\u0131k, seller<\/strong> ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik ya\u015fama etkileri<\/strong>, T\u00fcrkiye’nin de \u00f6n\u00fcne a\u011f\u0131r bir fatura \u00e7\u0131karmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

BBC T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/strong>, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z iklim krizini ve ilgili politikalar\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bilinmesi gereken 15 temel kavram\u0131 bir arada toplad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim Krizi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong>, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak insan faaliyetleri sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n (karbondioksit, metan, diazot monoksit, ozon vb.) atmosferdeki yo\u011funlu\u011funun artmas\u0131yla, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ve ortalama iklim de\u011ferlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesidir. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin art\u0131k g\u00f6rmezden gelinemeyecek bir ‘acil durum’ halini almas\u0131na ise\u00a0iklim krizi<\/strong>\u00a0denir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda iklim dengesinin bozulmas\u0131 olarak da tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) Genel Sekreteri Antonio Gutteres, “Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan noktaya geldik” dedi. \u0130ngiliz \u00e7evreci ve belgesel yap\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Sir David Attenborough ise “Bunun art\u0131k oyun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamam\u0131z gerek” ifadesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ve 1,5 \u00b0C e\u015fi\u011fi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sanayi, enerji, ula\u015f\u0131m<\/strong> ve tar\u0131m<\/strong> gibi insan faaliyetleri sonucu atmosfere yay\u0131lan gazlar\u0131n etkisiyle, y\u0131l boyunca kara, deniz ve havada \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde artmas\u0131na k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

1850-1900 y\u0131llar\u0131<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ait ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleri, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir ‘ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131’ olarak baz al\u0131n\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortalama y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 1,2 derece<\/strong> daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"

Y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalamas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131klardaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n 1,5 derece<\/strong> d\u00fczeyinde tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeyi azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor. Ancak yap\u0131lan hesaplamalar, mevcut \u0131s\u0131nma e\u011filiminin s\u00fcrmesi halinde, bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 3 ile 5 derece<\/strong> artm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n

1,5 derecenin<\/strong> \u00fczerinde \u0131s\u0131nma, d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in say\u0131s\u0131z riske sebebiyet veriyor: Deniz seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131, baz\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin yok olu\u015fu, g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ve milyonlarca insan<\/strong> i\u00e7in ekonomik ve sosyal ko\u015fullar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesi<\/em>, bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sera gazlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

K\u0131z\u0131l \u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 tutarak atmosferin \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olan Karbondioksit (CO2), Metan (CH4), Nitr\u00f6z Oksit (NO2), Hidroflor\u00fcr karbonlar (HFCs) gibi gazlara ya da bile\u015fiklere sera gaz\u0131 ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n

Sera gazlar\u0131 olmasayd\u0131, d\u00fcnya yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 derece daha so\u011fuk bir yer olacak ve ya\u015fam i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli bir ortam sunamayacakt\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sorun, sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n var olmas\u0131 de\u011fil, insan faaliyetleri sonucu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015farak d\u00fcnyay\u0131 daha da \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131. Sera gazlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u00fczeyinden yans\u0131yan g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, uzaya ula\u015famadan emilmesine neden olur. Bu durum, atmosferi ve d\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyini \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Fosil yak\u0131tlar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hidrokarbon ve y\u00fcksek oranlarda karbon i\u00e7eren, yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda karbondioksit ve di\u011fer sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 atmosfere salan k\u00f6m\u00fcr, petrol ve do\u011falgaz gibi yak\u0131tlara fosil yak\u0131tlar ad\u0131 verilir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla elektrik \u00fcretiminde, ula\u015f\u0131mda ve \u0131s\u0131tma amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan fosil yak\u0131tlar, 2019’da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n birincil enerji t\u00fcketiminin y\u00fczde 84’\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an sera gazlar\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 75’ini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele hedefleri aras\u0131nda, fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesi ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Bunun yerine, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n te\u015fvik edilmesi \u00f6nerilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir enerji<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Yenilenebilir enerji, fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n tersine, do\u011fal d\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde yenilenen kaynaklardan elde edilen ve t\u00fcketildi\u011finde atmosfere karbondioksit salmayan temiz enerjidir. G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, r\u00fczgar, ya\u011fmur, gelgitler, dalgalar ve jeotermal \u0131s\u0131, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

Bu kaynaklar, fosil enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n tersine zamanla t\u00fckenmez ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015ftir. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yenilenebilir kaynaklara y\u00f6nelim s\u00f6z konusu. Ancak fosil yak\u0131tlarla enerji \u00fcretimine hala b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve bunun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilememesi iklim hedeflerine ula\u015fmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00fclkenin fosil yak\u0131tlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan temin etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar gibi kaynaklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye, Avrupa’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Ancak enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc yenilenebilir kaynaklara y\u00f6neltmek i\u00e7in karar al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n iklim hedeflerini benimsemesi ve fosil yak\u0131tlara yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya son vermesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n

Karbon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Karbon sal\u0131m\u0131, ya da karbon emisyonu, do\u011fada olu\u015fan karbonun atmosfere sal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Do\u011fal yollarla da atmosfere karbon sal\u0131n\u0131r ancak iklim krizine neden olan karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla insan kaynakl\u0131 ekonomik faaliyetlerin sonucunda olu\u015fur. Kontrols\u00fcz sanayile\u015fme, artan enerji talebi, \u015fehirle\u015fme, ula\u015f\u0131mda fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131, orman tahribat\u0131 ve yo\u011fun hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri, karbon sal\u0131m\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Karbon n\u00f6tr olmak” ise bir ki\u015fi veya kurumun sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 telafi etmek i\u00e7in, sal\u0131nan sera gaz\u0131 miktar\u0131na e\u015fde\u011fer miktarda sal\u0131ma engel olacak projeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"

K\u00fcresel karbon emisyonlar\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n

Karbon ayak izi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Karbon ayak izi, birim karbondioksit cinsinden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen, bir ki\u015finin, bir etkinli\u011fin, bir kurumun, bir hizmetin ya da bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu toplam sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Yani bir bireyin ya da bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn karbon sal\u0131m\u0131na ne kadar katk\u0131 sundu\u011funu, karbon ayak izi hesaplamas\u0131 sayesinde bulunabilir.<\/p>\n

Karbon ayak izi hesaplan\u0131rken, konut ve binalardaki enerji t\u00fcketimi ve ula\u015f\u0131m (araba ve u\u00e7ak) dahil olmak \u00fczere fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n yanmas\u0131ndan ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan do\u011frudan karbon emisyonlar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin imalat\u0131 ve en sonunda bozulmalar\u0131yla ilgili olan dolayl\u0131 karbon emisyonlar\u0131 da hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kimi g\u0131da \u00fcreticileri, marketlerde sat\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ambalaj\u0131nda karbon ayak izi de\u011ferine yer vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bununla, t\u00fcketicilerin tercih yaparken daha \u00e7evreci \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelmesine olanak sa\u011flamak hedef al\u0131n\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Deniz seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Deniz seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sonucunda 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan bu yana ortalama deniz seviyesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen art\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1900-2016 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda deniz seviyesi 16-21 santimetre y\u00fckseldi. 1993’ten 2017’ye 7,5 cm’lik h\u0131zlanan bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu biliniyor. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki art\u0131\u015f \u00e7o\u011funlukla, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkisiyle deniz suyunun termal geni\u015flemesi, karadaki buz tabakalar\u0131n\u0131n ve buzullar\u0131n erimesi nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

IPCC’nin 2021 raporunda ise, bu y\u00fczy\u0131l sonunda deniz seviyelerinin 2 metreye kadar y\u00fckselebilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiliyor.<\/p>\n

Uzmanlar, deniz seviyesindeki y\u00fckselmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yayg\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131 selleri, daha y\u00fcksek f\u0131rt\u0131na dalgalanmalar\u0131 ve daha tehlikeli tsunamiler, n\u00fcfusun yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, tar\u0131m arazilerinin kayb\u0131 ve bozulmas\u0131 gibi sonu\u00e7lar konusunda uyar\u0131yor. Deniz ekosistemleri de deniz seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesinden etkilenir, bal\u0131klar, ku\u015flar ve bitkiler ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>\n

Beyza ERSAN \u2013 Enerji Sistemleri M\u00fchendisi \u2013 ersannbeyza@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. \u0130klimle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 felaketler t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada g\u00fcndemin ilk s\u0131ralar\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Gezegenimizin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehditler aras\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7eken iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, uzmanlara g\u00f6re […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":142536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[25488,43836,1800,4531,96677,96678,53412,1426,10931,1471,5034,105],"views":225,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142529"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142529"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142529\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/142536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142529"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142529"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142529"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}