{"id":129643,"date":"2021-02-18T17:17:32","date_gmt":"2021-02-18T14:17:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=129643"},"modified":"2021-02-18T18:55:04","modified_gmt":"2021-02-18T15:55:04","slug":"kitap-incelemesi-bati-toplumlari-savasla-yukselmedi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/kitap-incelemesi-bati-toplumlari-savasla-yukselmedi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Kitap \u0130ncelemesi: Bat\u0131 Toplumlar\u0131 Sava\u015fla Y\u00fckselmedi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Vak\u0131fBank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi Siyasi Tarih Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Jason Sharman\u2019\u0131n \u201cZay\u0131flar\u0131n \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131\u201d eserini yay\u0131ml\u0131yor. Kitab\u0131nda erken modern d\u00f6nemlerde Bat\u0131l\u0131 medeniyetlerin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn askeri geli\u015fmelerle a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Sharman, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Asyal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin tekrar y\u00fckselmesinin ise eskiye bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Vak\u0131fBank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (VBKY)<\/strong> \u201cZay\u0131flar\u0131n \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131\u201d<\/strong> isimli kitab\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede ilk kez okurla bulu\u015fturuyor. Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi Siyasi Tarih Profes\u00f6r\u00fc<\/em> Jason Sharman<\/strong> eserinde, iddia edilenin aksine erken modern d\u00f6nemde Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n mutlak bir askeri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tarihi kay\u0131tlar e\u015fli\u011finde aktar\u0131yor. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisini Fahrettin Bi\u00e7ici<\/strong>\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitapta Sharman<\/strong>, \"\"Avrupa-d\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131n gerilemesinin, Avrupa\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir askeri devrim tezi<\/strong> ile a\u00e7\u0131klanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

Askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 yok<\/strong><\/h2>\n

15\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/strong> sonundan 18\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar<\/strong> s\u00fcren Avrupa yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, ilk ger\u00e7ek k\u00fcresel sistemleri var etti. Bu nedenle d\u00fcnya sosyo-siyasal<\/strong> ve ekonomik<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131dan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme u\u011frad\u0131. Dahas\u0131, Avrupa, okyanuslardaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> geni\u015fletti, bunun nedeni olarak g\u00f6rece \u00fcst\u00fcn askeri g\u00fc\u00e7<\/strong>, daha iyi silahlar<\/strong> ve bunlar\u0131 kullanabilen \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler<\/strong> g\u00f6sterildi\u2026 Askeri devrim tezi<\/strong> olarak bilinen bu fikre kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden Sharman, \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cAvrupal\u0131lar\u0131n erken modern d\u00f6nemde<\/strong>, Bat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131 rakipleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da<\/strong> bile herhangi kayda de\u011fer bir askeri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026 Geni\u015flemenin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri, devlet ordular\u0131<\/strong> ve donanmalar\u0131 de\u011fil<\/strong>, yerel ittifaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131na<\/strong> bel ba\u011flayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck maceraperest gruplar ve imtiyazl\u0131 \u015firketlerdi. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l sebebi, yerel idarelerin<\/strong> toprak temelli \u00f6ncelikleriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nan deniz stratejisi<\/strong> ve Amerika\u2019da demografik bir felakete<\/strong> yol a\u00e7an salg\u0131n hastal\u0131kt\u0131<\/strong>. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, erken modern d\u00f6nemin<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck fatihleri ve imparatorluk kurucular\u0131, Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu<\/strong>\u2019daki Osmanl\u0131lardan<\/strong> G\u00fcney Asya\u2019daki Bab\u00fcrl\u00fcler<\/strong> ve \u00c7in\u2019deki Ming<\/strong> ve Man\u00e7u \u00c7inglere<\/strong> kadar Asyal\u0131 imparatorluklard\u0131.<\/strong>\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Asya\u2019n\u0131n zaferi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Maddi kaynaklar\u0131n bonk\u00f6rce kullan\u0131m\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f silahlar, \u00fcst\u00fcn ileti\u015fim olana\u011f\u0131, stratejik hareket kabiliyeti, ileri d\u00fczey tatbikatlar, t\u0131p<\/strong> ve teknoloji alan\u0131ndaki yenilikler<\/strong> gibi \u00f6nemli etmenlere sahip olmak, Bat\u0131l\u0131 olmayan rakipler<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda zafer kazanmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7emedi. Kitab\u0131nda bu arg\u00fcman\u0131 oda\u011f\u0131na alan Sharman<\/strong>, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fcresel yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>, Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Asyal\u0131<\/strong> ve Afrikal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerle<\/strong> aralar\u0131ndaki siyasi<\/strong> ve stratejik<\/strong> farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan kaynaklanan denizlerdeki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong> ile a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor, yerel g\u00fc\u00e7lerle<\/strong> yap\u0131lan i\u015f birli\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. 19\u2019uncu<\/strong> ve erken 20\u2019nci<\/strong> y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Avrupa hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya siyasi tarihi<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici ve istisnai bir d\u00f6nem oldu\u011funu ifade eden Sharman, 21\u2019inci<\/strong> as\u0131rda Asyal\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin<\/strong> tekrar y\u00fckselmesinin belki de eski normlara bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fini ifade ediyor. Sharman, \u201cABD ve Bat\u0131l\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Irak ve Afganistan\u2019daki<\/strong> isyanlar\u0131 bast\u0131rmada ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan belki de, sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zme konusunda elli y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden bile daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir konumdad\u0131r\u201d s\u00f6zlerini kaydediyor. Sharman\u2019a g\u00f6re Bat\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler<\/strong> ve askeriyelerin \u015fu anki hesaplar\u0131, b\u00f6lge<\/strong> ve pop\u00fclasyon kontrol\u00fc<\/strong> i\u00e7eren deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 harek\u00e2tlardan ka\u00e7\u0131nma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde. Sharman, bunun gerek\u00e7esini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Bat\u0131l\u0131 kuvvetler<\/strong> kendilerinden daha zay\u0131f has\u0131mlarla<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile b\u00f6ylesi \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda genellikle kaybeden tarafta yer almaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131lar ve Osmanl\u0131lar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kitab\u0131nda, \u0130spanyollar\u0131n Amerika<\/strong> k\u0131tas\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131<\/strong> ve Portekizlilerin, Afrika<\/strong> ve Hint Okyanusu<\/strong>\u2019nun k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridindeki idarelerle 1500\u2019lerden<\/strong> sonra girdikleri ili\u015fkileri inceleyen Sharman, ilerleyen sayfalarda Hollanda<\/strong> ve \u0130ngiliz Do\u011fu Hindistan<\/strong> \u015firketlerinin G\u00fcney, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da<\/strong> ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na odaklan\u0131yor. Sharman<\/strong>, ard\u0131ndan da Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n kendi k\u0131talar\u0131nda ve Akdeniz\u2019de<\/strong>, en ba\u015fta Osmanl\u0131lar<\/strong> olmak \u00fczere M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muar\u0131zlar\u0131<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 1700\u2019lere kadar<\/strong> kayda de\u011fer bir askeri avantaja sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 detayland\u0131rarak, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l abart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceliyor. Kitab\u0131n\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise Sharman, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan<\/strong> g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar uzanan d\u00f6nemi de\u011ferlendiriyor.<\/p>\n

J.C. Sharman kimdir?<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n

Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi ve Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde Sir Patrick Sheehy K\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde profes\u00f6r olan siyasi tarih\u00e7i Jason Sharman, Western Australia \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde tarih ve siyaset bilimi \u00f6\u011fretimi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Siyaset bilimi alan\u0131ndaki doktoras\u0131n\u0131 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin Illinois \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde (Urbana- Champaign) yapt\u0131. Sharman, Bulgaristan Amerikan \u00dcniversitesi, Sydney \u00dcniversitesi, Griffith \u00dcniversitesi b\u00fcnyesinde kadrolu, St. Petersburg Devlet \u00dcniversitesi, Columbia \u00dcniversitesi ve Londra \u0130ktisat Okulu (LSE) b\u00fcnyesinde ise misafir akademisyen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Son derece \u00fcretken bir yazar olan Sharman\u2019\u0131n \u201cZay\u0131flar\u0131n \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131\u201d kitab\u0131, VBKY\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kan ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Vak\u0131fBank K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi Siyasi Tarih Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Jason Sharman\u2019\u0131n \u201cZay\u0131flar\u0131n \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131\u201d eserini yay\u0131ml\u0131yor. Kitab\u0131nda erken modern d\u00f6nemlerde Bat\u0131l\u0131 medeniyetlerin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn askeri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":129647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,4],"tags":[52259,86731,86729,86732,74355,74360,86730],"views":128,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129643"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=129643"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/129643\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/129647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=129643"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=129643"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=129643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}