{"id":123750,"date":"2020-11-18T14:32:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T11:32:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=123750"},"modified":"2020-11-18T14:35:01","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T11:35:01","slug":"turkiye-hazir-beton-birligi-izmir-depremi-inceleme-raporunu-acikladi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/turkiye-hazir-beton-birligi-izmir-depremi-inceleme-raporunu-acikladi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) ’T\u00fcrkiye Haz\u0131r Beton Birli\u011fi’ \u0130zmir Depremi \u0130nceleme Raporu\u2019nu A\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de standartlara uygun beton \u00fcretilmesi ve in\u015faatlarda do\u011fru beton uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 32 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye Haz\u0131r Beton Birli\u011fi (THBB), \u0130zmir Depremi \u0130nceleme Raporu\u2019nu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Baz\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r hasar alm\u0131\u015f binalar\u0131n incelenmesi ve al\u0131nan numunelerin deneye tabi tutulmas\u0131 sonucu haz\u0131rlanan Rapor, zemin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra binalarda ciddi m\u00fchendislik ve uygulama zafiyetleri ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalitede beton ve standartlara uymayan donat\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zmir Depremi\u2019nde y\u0131k\u0131ma neden oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu.<\/strong><\/h1>\n

30 Ekim 2020 Cuma<\/strong> g\u00fcn\u00fc, saat 14.51′<\/strong>de Ege Denizi Seferihisar a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda 6,6<\/strong>\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde deprem meydana gelmi\u015ftir. T.C. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afet<\/strong> ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>‘n\u0131n (AFAD)<\/strong> 15 Kas\u0131m\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sa\u011fl\u0131k Afet Koordinasyon Merkezi (SAKOM)<\/strong> verilerine g\u00f6re \"\"\u0130zmir Depremi\u2019nde 116 vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z<\/strong> hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. Yaralanan 1.034<\/strong> vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdan 1.021\u2019i<\/strong> taburcu edilirken 8 vatanda\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tedavisi devam etmektedir. T.C. \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan hasar tespit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda \u0130zmir depreminde y\u0131k\u0131lan bina say\u0131s\u0131 17<\/strong>; acil y\u0131k\u0131lacak, a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131k bina say\u0131s\u0131 506<\/strong>; orta hasarl\u0131 bina say\u0131s\u0131 511<\/strong>; az hasarl\u0131 bina say\u0131s\u0131 5.119<\/strong>, hasars\u0131z bina say\u0131s\u0131 103.785 adet<\/strong> olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Haz\u0131r Beton Birli\u011fi<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan \u0130zmir\u2019de hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f yap\u0131lar\u0131 incelemek \u00fczere, arama kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yap\u0131 \u0130\u015fleri Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn daveti ile uzmanlardan olu\u015fan bir ekip g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ekip bir yandan a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 baz\u0131 yap\u0131larda testler yapm\u0131\u015f, di\u011fer yandan da yap\u0131 denetim hizmeti g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f baz\u0131 hafif hasarl\u0131 olarak raporlanan binalarda bakanl\u0131k heyetiyle birlikte incelemelerde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130zmir\u2019in Bayrakl\u0131, Kar\u015f\u0131yaka, Buca, \u00c7i\u011fli, Karaba\u011flar ve Gaziemir il\u00e7elerinde a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 binalar incelenmi\u015f ve bu binalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n betonlar\u0131ndan karot \u00f6rnekleri al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ayr\u0131ca tahribats\u0131z y\u00f6ntemlerle de incelemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Al\u0131nan beton karot numuneleri \u00fczerinde, bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m deneyi yap\u0131larak beton kalitesi belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

GENEL G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015e VE YORUMLAR:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

– Betonarme yap\u0131larda zemin et\u00fcd\u00fcne dayanan do\u011fru bir temel se\u00e7imi, deprem hesab\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren bir statik projenin bulunmas\u0131, projenin do\u011fru olarak \u00f6zenle uygulanmas\u0131 ve projedeki dayan\u0131mlar\u0131 sa\u011flayan malzemelerin (beton ve \u00e7elik donat\u0131lar) projede belirtildi\u011fi boyutlarda ve konumlarda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n etkin bir sistemle denetlenmesi esast\u0131r. Hasar g\u00f6ren binalarda bu kurallara k\u0131smen veya tamamen uyulmadan binalar\u0131n in\u015fa edildi\u011fi belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– Depremde y\u0131k\u0131lan 17 adet<\/strong> yap\u0131n\u0131n 1999 \u00f6ncesinde<\/strong> yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– \u00d6zellikle Bayrakl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde zeminin yap\u0131s\u0131 deprem dalgalar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fctme etkisi yapm\u0131\u015f, deprem bu b\u00f6lgedeki yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde daha etkili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

– Baz\u0131 binalarda planda asimetri sonucu burulma, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda k\u0131sa kolon etkisi ile kolonda kesme gibi tasar\u0131m hatalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan hasarlar g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ncelenen a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 binalarda yap\u0131 denetim ve m\u00fchendislik hizmeti al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ncelenen yap\u0131 denetim hizmeti g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f binalarda ise yap\u0131sal hasar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– \u0130ncelenen a\u011f\u0131r hasarl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Hasar nedenleri incelendi\u011finde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dayan\u0131ml\u0131 beton kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerden biri oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu betonlar, bile\u015fiminde kirli dere malzemesi bulunan ve muhtemelen d\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilave su kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, denetimsiz, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli betonlard\u0131r. Bunlardan biri 5 MPa gibi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karot bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131na sahiptir. Bir yap\u0131da karot al\u0131n\u0131rken \u00e7amurlu su gelmesi betonda \u00e7ok kirli ince malzemenin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Baz\u0131 yap\u0131larda karot numunesi \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131nda, numunenin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 zorluk ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Depremde a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6ren yap\u0131lar incelendi\u011finde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck beton kalitesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hasara neden olan \u00f6nemli ba\u015fka unsurlar da tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan biri kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik donat\u0131lar ile ilgilidir. Hasar g\u00f6ren binalar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131nda donat\u0131lar nerv\u00fcrs\u00fcz d\u00fcz \u00e7eliktir, \u00e7aplar\u0131 ve miktarlar\u0131 yetersizdir. Deprem performans\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok kritik olan ve boyuna donat\u0131lar\u0131 saran etriyelerin miktar\u0131 ve aral\u0131klar\u0131 yetersizdir, etriye s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, u\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011fru k\u0131vr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Etriye aral\u0131klar\u0131 20 cm ve \u00fczerindedir. Sadece yetersiz s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131rma ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck beton kalitesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u011f\u0131r hasar alan binalara rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Baz\u0131 yap\u0131larda beton \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc (pas pay\u0131) kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeterince kal\u0131n olmamas\u0131ndan ve beton y\u00fczeyinin karbonatla\u015fmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, donat\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n korozyona u\u011framaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Karot numunelerinde fenolftalein \u00e7\u00f6zeltisiyle karbonatla\u015fma derinlikleri saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulunan karbonatla\u015fma derinlikleri 1,5 cm \u2013 5,5 cm aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Al\u0131nan numunenin bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 11 MPa\u2019d\u0131r. Numunede renkli b\u00f6lgelerde hen\u00fcz karbonatla\u015fma ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f olup, renksiz d\u0131\u015f kabukta ise karbonatla\u015fma mevcuttur. Yap\u0131n\u0131n kolonlar\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgede yer alan donat\u0131lar\u0131n paslanmas\u0131, resim 3.b\u2019de yap\u0131ya ait kolonda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Ge\u00e7irimsiz ve y\u00fcksek kaliteli betonun \u00f6neminin sadece dayan\u0131m olarak de\u011fil, yap\u0131lar\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 (d\u00fcrabilite) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da son derece \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu, bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerden de anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Haz\u0131r Beton Birli\u011fi Olarak \u00d6nerilerimiz:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yap\u0131 stokumuz acilen g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmeli ve depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 h\u00e2le getirilmeli<\/strong><\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 20 milyonun \u00fczerinde<\/strong> konut bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n % 35<\/strong>\u2019i (yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,7 milyon konut) maalesef depreme dayan\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda, \u00fclkemizin mevcut yap\u0131 stoku<\/strong> envanterinin detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn yap\u0131lar\u0131n risk potansiyelinin<\/strong> ortaya konulmas\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu kapsamda, ilk etapta h\u0131zl\u0131 tarama ile tespit edilen y\u00fcksek riskli yap\u0131lar acilen<\/strong> yenilenmelidir. Di\u011fer riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n performans\u0131 daha detayl\u0131 analizlerle de\u011ferlendirilerek al\u0131nacak tedbirler belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat s\u00fcrecindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn kurallara eksiksiz uyulmal\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Yap\u0131lar\u0131n depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in in\u015faatlar\u0131n tasar\u0131m ve yap\u0131m zincirinde bulunan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kurallar\u0131n hepsine eksiksiz uyulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n

– Zemin incelemesi,<\/p>\n

– Do\u011fru projelendirme,<\/p>\n

– Kaliteli malzeme,<\/p>\n

– Do\u011fru uygulama,<\/p>\n

– Denetim<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faatlarda daha y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda betonlar kullan\u0131lmal\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

2018 T\u00fcrkiye Bina Deprem Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi<\/strong> binalarda en az C25 dayan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131<\/strong> betonun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe g\u00f6re yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lacak beton dayan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n bir s\u0131n\u0131f y\u00fckseltilmesi sevindiricidir ancak yeterli de\u011fildir. \u00d6zellikle betonarme yap\u0131lar\u0131n uzun y\u0131llar boyunca depreme kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f \u00e7evre etkilerine dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde bo\u015fluksuz olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in de Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019te d\u00fcrabilitenin yani dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in beton dayan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n daha da y\u00fckseltilmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nda ve kalite belgeli betonlarla in\u015fa edilen binalar\u0131n depremde alaca\u011f\u0131 hasar\u0131n daha az olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Betonda KGS\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkin denetim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn tamam\u0131na uygulanmal\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Beton d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan yap\u0131 malzemesidir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek binalar\u0131 betonarme ile yap\u0131lmakta ve en g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, di\u011fer yap\u0131 malzemelerinde de oldu\u011fu gibi do\u011fru uygulanmas\u0131 ve \u00fcretilmesi gerekmektedir. Denetimin sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131, hangi malzeme ile yap\u0131l\u0131rsa yap\u0131ls\u0131n depreme kar\u015f\u0131 yeterli dayan\u0131ma sahip olmaz. \u00dclkemizde beton \u00fcretiminde en etkin denetim T.C. \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015f kurulu\u015f olarak atanan Kalite G\u00fcvence Sistemi (KGS) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu denetimlerde, beton \u00fcretim tesislerinin yerinde denetiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra habersiz \u00fcr\u00fcn denetimleri de yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Haz\u0131r betonda kaliteli \u00fcretim i\u00e7in KGS\u2019nin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetim sistemi esas al\u0131narak b\u00fct\u00fcn tesisler ciddi bir \u015fekilde denetlenmelidir.<\/p>\n

Bu vesileyle, depremde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlere bir kez daha Allah\u2019tan rahmet, ailelerine ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131na ba\u015fsa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sab\u0131r diliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Yavuz I\u015eIK
\n<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye Haz\u0131r BetonBirli\u011fi
\nY\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de standartlara uygun beton \u00fcretilmesi ve in\u015faatlarda do\u011fru beton uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 32 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye Haz\u0131r Beton Birli\u011fi (THBB), \u0130zmir Depremi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":123753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51,53],"tags":[82504,82507,52259,81575,81674,82505,82506,65819],"views":141,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123750"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123750"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123750\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/123753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}