{"id":120472,"date":"2020-09-18T13:30:33","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T10:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=120472"},"modified":"2020-09-18T13:33:16","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T10:33:16","slug":"findik-uretimi-iklim-krizinden-derinden-etkileniyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/findik-uretimi-iklim-krizinden-derinden-etkileniyor\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u0130klim Krizi F\u0131nd\u0131k \u00dcretimini de Derinden Etkiliyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin tek ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019ini sa\u011flayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin anavatan\u0131 say\u0131lan ve her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 milyar dolar ihracat geliri elde eden T\u00fcrkiye, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir rol ayr\u0131m\u0131nda. Rainforest Alliance, UTZ F\u0131nd\u0131k Program\u0131 ad\u0131na, EKOLOGOS S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma birimi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan ve kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lan \u201cF\u0131nd\u0131k, \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u00c7evresel Etkileri T\u00fcrkiye Raporu\u201d, de\u011fi\u015fen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle, T\u00fcrkiye f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmazsa \u00f6nemli verim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fleri ya\u015fanabilece\u011fi konusunda uyar\u0131larda bulunan rapor, de\u011fi\u015fen iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle yeni tip bitki hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu\u011funu vurguluyor.<\/strong><\/h1>\n

EKOLOGOS<\/strong>\u2019tan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re, \u015fimdiye kadar en y\u00fcksek verimin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 250 metreye<\/strong> kadar olan b\u00f6lgeler, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma<\/strong> nedeniyle \u00f6nemli sorunlara gebe. F\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretimi<\/strong>nin daha y\u00fcksek rak\u0131mlara ve Bat\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019e<\/strong> do\u011fru kayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan rapor, f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretimi<\/strong>nin, \u00f6zellikle toprak, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131<\/strong> ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik<\/strong> \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli \u00e7evresel etkilere<\/strong> \"\"sahip oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda, \u00f6ncelikle iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong>nin genel\u00adde k\u00fcresel, \u00f6zelde T\u00fcrkiye<\/strong> ve Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi<\/strong>\u2019ndeki etkile\u00adrini ve gelecek d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanabilecek de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ele al\u0131n\u00add\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan, bu etkinin tar\u0131m ve \u00f6zellikle de f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fczerinde<\/strong> nas\u0131l bir etkide bulunabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara yer verildi. Saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/strong> ve uzmanlarla yap\u0131lan derinlemesi\u00adne m\u00fclakatlarla<\/strong>, bilimsel projeksiyonlar<\/strong> ile sahada ya\u015fanan\u00adlar\u0131n uyum<\/strong> ve ayr\u0131m noktalar\u0131<\/strong> saptanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. F\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumsal<\/strong> ve biyolojik temelli yap\u0131sal sorunlar\u0131<\/strong> ile iklim de\u00ad\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkilerinin<\/strong> nas\u0131l i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi incelendi. Ve f\u0131nd\u0131k yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong> ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki negatif<\/strong> ve pozitif<\/strong> etkileri ortaya kondu.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, miras hukuku kaynakl\u0131 arazi par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, \u00fcretici ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, alan bazl\u0131 tar\u0131msal te\u015fvik sistemi<\/strong> gibi bir dizi \u201cYasalar-Mevzuatlar Kaynakl\u0131 Yap\u0131sal Sorunlar\u201d<\/strong> da, f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi konusunda \u00f6nemli etkilere sahip. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in, alana dair daha \u00e7ok bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya, payda\u015flar aras\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ileti\u015fim ve koordinasyona ve \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl Bir Kamusal F\u0131nd\u0131k Politikas\u0131\u201d<\/strong>na ihtiya\u00e7 var.<\/p>\n

Raporda ortaya konan temel bulgular ise \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlenmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u00c7evresel Sorunlar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

– Karadeniz ve F\u0131nd\u0131k, \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden Etkileniyor.\u00a0<\/strong>Karadeniz, iklimsel olarak ciddi bir de\u011fi\u00ad\u015fim i\u00e7inde. Bu de\u011fi\u015fim, k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinden ba\u015flayarak s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015f rejimlerinde \u00f6nemli d\u00fczensizliklere neden oluyor. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 ayn\u0131 kalsa da, f\u0131nd\u0131k i\u00e7in daha \u00f6nemli olan d\u00fczenli ya\u011f\u0131\u015fta ciddi sorunlar ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Belli d\u00f6nemlerde ani ve \u015fiddetli ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, belli d\u00f6nem\u00adlerde (Haziran-temmuz a\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda) ya\u011f\u0131\u015f azalmas\u0131 ve hatta kurakl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu iklimsel de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, \u00e7ok has\u00adsas iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 f\u0131nd\u0131k bitkisini derinden etkiliyor.<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrkiye F\u0131nd\u0131k Haritas\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fiyor.\u00a0<\/strong>Son derece \u00f6zel bir iklim has\u00adsasiyetine sahip f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Karadeniz \u00f6zelindeki bir ba\u015fka \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131, kuzey b\u00f6lgesinin olmamas\u0131, daha do\u011frusu, kuzeyin Karadeniz\u2019le s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131. D\u00fcnyada iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sebe\u00adbiyle, hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn bitki, mantar ve hayvan t\u00fcrleri, yani t\u00fcm flora ve fauna kuzeye do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ediyor. Ne yaz\u0131k ki f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n da, -ayn\u0131 kutup ay\u0131lar\u0131 gibi- kuzeye do\u011fru gidecek bir ala\u00adn\u0131 yok. Denize d\u00f6k\u00fclmemesi i\u00e7in, f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n var olan \u015fartlara uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve\/veya ekiminin y\u00fcksek rak\u0131mlara do\u011fru kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re bir ba\u015fka olas\u0131l\u0131k da, f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n verimli \u00fcretim alan\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 Karadeniz\u2019e do\u011fru daha fazla kaymas\u0131.<\/p>\n

– Uzun D\u00f6nemli ve Bilimsel Planlama \u0130htiyac\u0131.\u00a0<\/strong>F\u0131nd\u0131k \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k bir bitki oldu\u011fundan, di\u011fer tek y\u0131ll\u0131k bitkiler gibi, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine, kurakl\u0131\u011fa veya dona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerle y\u0131l ba\u00adz\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi imkans\u0131z. Bu durum, uzun d\u00f6nemli bir planlama ve arazi y\u00f6netimi ve tabii g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir uyum program\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n

– K\u00fclleme Tehdidi B\u00fcy\u00fcyor.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin bir ba\u015fka sonucu ise, b\u00f6cek, hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lardaki art\u0131\u015f. \u00d6zellikle sahil \u015feridindeki, 250 metreye kadar olan b\u00f6lgelerdeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, bu zararl\u0131lar\u0131n birka\u00e7 kez ve daha fazla say\u0131da \u00fcremesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve Erysiphe corylacearum isimli fungus t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan k\u00fclleme hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fu ana kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck rekolte ve kalite d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fckl\u00fcklerine neden oldu ve b\u00f6lgede kal\u0131c\u0131 hale geldi.<\/p>\n

– Yeni Hastal\u0131k ve Zararl\u0131lar.\u00a0<\/strong>Ancak tek tehdit elbette k\u00fclle\u00adme de\u011fil. Ye\u015fil kokarcan\u0131n, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretim ve kalitesine verdi\u011fi zararlar artm\u0131\u015f durumda. Yeni tehlike ise, ye\u015fil kokarcan\u0131n benzeri olan kahverengi kokarca dedi\u011fimiz bir b\u00f6cek (Halyomorpha halys (Stal.)). Zararl\u0131lar\u00addaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle ilgisi kesin olmamakla birlik\u00adte, istilac\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde ya\u015fan\u0131\u00adyor ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile ili\u015fkilendiriliyor.<\/p>\n

– Fire Oranlar\u0131nda Art\u0131\u015f.\u00a0<\/strong>Son s\u00fcre\u00e7te, hem zararl\u0131lar, hem de iklim normallerindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler nedeniyle sadece verim de\u011fil, kalite d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fleri de dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Verimin ayn\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00adt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemlerde bile, zararl\u0131lar nedeniyle bozuk, k\u00fcfl\u00fc ve urlu olarak nitelenen fire oranlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zle\u00adniyor.<\/p>\n

– Ayakizi K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, \u00c7evresel Etkisi B\u00fcy\u00fck.\u00a0<\/strong>F\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin, bitkinin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fcretim teknikleri nedeniyle karbon aya\u00adkizi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine etkisi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek de\u011fil. Ancak su kaynaklar\u0131, toprak, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik ve ekosistem \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli etkileri var. Bu alanda mutlaka kapsaml\u0131 ve s\u00fcre\u011fen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ihti\u00adya\u00e7 var.<\/p>\n

– F\u0131nd\u0131k Bitkisi, A\u011fa\u00e7s\u0131 Yap\u0131s\u0131 Nedeniyle Ayn\u0131 Zamanda Bir Karbon Yuta\u011f\u0131.\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130klim de\u00ad\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan f\u0131nd\u0131k bah\u00e7elerinin karbon tutma kapasitesinin y\u00fckseltilmesi pozitif bir etki yaratabilir. Ancak bir di\u011fer sorun da, f\u0131nd\u0131k bah\u00e7esi a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in or\u00admanlar\u0131n tahrip edilmesi. Bu konu s\u0131k\u0131 bir denetimle \u015fu anda tamamen kontrol alt\u0131nda. Ancak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde, ik\u00adlim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong> nedeniyle f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yer de\u011fi\u015f\u00adtirmes<\/strong>i, daha y\u00fcksek alanlara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelebilir. Bu da f\u0131nd\u0131k bah\u00e7eleri a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in tekrar orman tahribat\u0131na giri\u015filmesi<\/strong> riskini yaratabilir.<\/p>\n

Raporun T\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130\u00e7in\u00a0TIKLAYIN >>><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Raporun \u0130ngilizcesine Ula\u015fmak \u0130\u00e7in\u00a0TIKLAYIN >>><\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. D\u00fcnya f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin tek ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019ini sa\u011flayan, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla f\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcretiminin anavatan\u0131 say\u0131lan ve her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 milyar dolar ihracat geliri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":120475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[79430,38703,79428,79429,79431,1999,41159,79433,10921,79426,57125,79427,79432],"views":160,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120472"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120472\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}