{"id":118287,"date":"2020-08-08T22:10:56","date_gmt":"2020-08-08T19:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=118287"},"modified":"2020-08-08T22:11:29","modified_gmt":"2020-08-08T19:11:29","slug":"uluslararasi-enerji-ajansi-nin-enerji-teknolojileri-gorunumu-2020-rapor-ozeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/uluslararasi-enerji-ajansi-nin-enerji-teknolojileri-gorunumu-2020-rapor-ozeti\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) ’Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131’ Enerji Teknolojileri G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc 2020 Rapor \u00d6zeti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Temiz enerji teknolojilerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fme ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015fanmazsa s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefine ula\u015fmak olduk\u00e7a zor olacakt\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn karbon emisyonu ile m\u00fccadelede mevcut teknoloji ve politikalar emisyon oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Fakat bunu 2050\u2019de s\u0131f\u0131r d\u00fczeyine \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in bir d\u00fczine teknolojik yenilik ve ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz on y\u0131lda yap\u0131landan \u00e7ok daha fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m laz\u0131m.<\/h1>\n

Emisyonlar\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131r oran\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00e7ok ciddi AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong>na ve teknolojik yeniliklere ihtiya\u00e7 var. \u00d6zellikle ta\u015f\u0131t<\/strong> ve ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k, havac\u0131l\u0131k, a\u011f\u0131r sanayi-bilhassa \u00e7imento, demir \u00e7elik ve kimya sanayinde<\/strong>– ciddi AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong>na ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir teknolojik \"\"d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme ihtiya\u00e7 var. Bu rapor, temiz enerji kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan teknolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/strong>\u00fcn nas\u0131l daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilip bunun hangi yollarla s\u0131f\u0131r karbon emisyon hedefi<\/strong>ne d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yakla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel emisyonlar\u0131n 2050<\/strong> hedefine ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 4 ana sekt\u00f6rdeki teknolojik yeniliklerin<\/strong> artan bir h\u0131zla devam etmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

– Elektrik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong>nde – \u00f6zellikle \u0131s\u0131nma<\/strong> ve ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong>ta<\/p>\n

– Karbon yakalama<\/strong> ve depolama<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Biyoenerji<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Hidrojen enerjisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

LED panellerin<\/strong> ve lityum demir bataryalar\u0131n<\/strong> prototip a\u015famas\u0131ndan piyasalara ula\u015fmas\u0131 10-30 y\u0131l<\/strong> s\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda halihaz\u0131rda \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan teknolojik yenilikler ve projeler k\u00fcresel karbon emisyon oranlar\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131n %35<\/strong>\u2019ini azaltabilecek kapasitede. Bir ad\u0131m geriden gelen (5-10 y\u0131l<\/strong>) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta piyasada yayg\u0131nla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f teknolojiler<\/strong> ise piyasada yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 anda \u015fu anki k\u00fcresel karbondioksit sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>n\u00a0%40\u2019ini<\/strong> azaltabilir.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6rler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 2050\u2019de s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefi<\/strong>ne ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyorlarsa, erken a\u015famadaki teknolojik yeniliklerin \u00e7ok h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Fakat, bu teknolojilerin tamamlanma s\u00fcreci ve maliyetleri ile ilgili ciddi manada \u015f\u00fcpheler var. 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel emisyon hedefi<\/strong>nin \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r\u201da ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan teknolojilerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu hala deneme a\u015famas\u0131nda ve piyasalara ula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f durumda. \u015eu an hali haz\u0131rdaki teknolojilerde ise son d\u00f6nemde herhangi bir geli\u015fme sa\u011flanamad\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hidrojen enerjisi<\/strong> ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7elik fabrikalar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bu \u015fekilde sadece 1 tesis<\/strong> bulunuyor. 2050<\/strong>\u2019de s\u0131f\u0131r karbon emisyonu<\/strong> oran\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, her ay 2 tane hidrojen kaynakl\u0131 demir \u00e7elik tesisinin mevcutlar\u0131 ikame etmesi<\/strong> laz\u0131m veya 2050\u2019ye kadar her y\u0131l 90 tane karbon yakalama<\/strong> ve depolama tesisi<\/strong>nin kurulmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. E\u011fer hidrojen enerjisine yat\u0131r\u0131mlar<\/strong> bu seviyede devam ederse 2030\u2019a<\/strong> kadar sadece %10<\/strong> bir emisyon azalmas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131labilir. Solar enerji<\/strong>nin bug\u00fcnlere gelmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve \u015firketlerin ge\u00e7mi\u015f 60 y\u0131lda<\/strong> bu konudaki harcama ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri sayesinde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer, \u00e7imento, \u00e7elik ve kimya end\u00fcstrisinde<\/strong> emisyonlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in gerekli olan teknolojiler 2030-2050<\/strong> band\u0131nda uygulamaya konulursa, 2050\u2019e kadar 60 gigaton karbon emisyonu<\/strong>nun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

COVID-19 s\u00fcreci<\/strong>, yak\u0131n gelecekte karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131 ve teknoloji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sekteye u\u011fratacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. S\u0131f\u0131r emisyona ula\u015fmak<\/strong> i\u00e7in gerekli olan teknolojik yenilik ve a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin uygulayacaklar\u0131 politikalara temelden ba\u011fl\u0131. E\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, COVID-19 s\u00fcreci<\/strong>nin enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ve ekonomiye getirdi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r krizden \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in temiz enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong>na ciddi bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6nelirlerse bu AR-GE sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde 750 bin<\/strong> ki\u015fiye ek istihdam sa\u011flayabilir. \u015eu an prototip ve erken uygulama a\u015famas\u0131nda olan teknolojik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20<\/strong> y\u0131lda 350 milyar dolar<\/strong> harcanacak.<\/p>\n

COVID-19 krizi<\/strong> ile beraber d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin, 1929 Ekonomik Bunal\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>\u2019ndan bu yana hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir daralma ya\u015famas\u0131, %3<\/strong> ile %6<\/strong> aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi bekleniyor. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 300 milyon insan\u0131n 2020-2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/strong> i\u015fini kaybetmesi bekleniyor. Enerji AR-GE<\/strong>\u2019sinde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 750-800 bin<\/strong> ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor bu ise global enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong>nde istihdam edilen 40 milyon<\/strong> ki\u015finin yakla\u015f\u0131k %2<\/strong>\u2019sini tekab\u00fcl ediyor. Bunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 ABD, Japonya, \u00c7in Fransa<\/strong> ve Almanya\u2019da<\/strong> istihdam ediliyor. COVID-19 krizi<\/strong>, temiz enerji teknolojileri<\/strong>ne AR-GE yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131<\/strong> yapan \u015firketlerin bu alandaki harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te ciddi oranda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek.<\/p>\n

IEA, May\u0131s 2020<\/strong>\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyon ki\u015fiyi<\/strong> istihdam eden, 28<\/strong> enerji b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketi \u00fczerine bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda COVID-19<\/strong> ile beraber bu firmalar\u0131n AR-GE<\/strong> konusunda planlad\u0131klar\u0131 harcama ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ciddi oranda revize edip azaltt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon teknolojileri<\/strong> \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong> toplam enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki AR-GE<\/strong>\u2019nin %80<\/strong>\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyor. IEA \u00fcyesi olan \u00fclkelerde 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana temiz enerji teknolojilerine yap\u0131lan AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong> \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemlere k\u0131yasla daha az ilerliyor. B\u00fct\u00e7edeki paylar\u0131 1980 \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden daha az. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda<\/strong> enerji AR-GE harcamalar\u0131 %3<\/strong> oran\u0131nda artt\u0131. Bunun %80\u2019i<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon teknolojilerinin AR-GE\u2019sine harcand\u0131. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon teknolojileri i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan k\u00fcresel AR-GE 30 milyar dolar<\/strong> oldu. Son 10 y\u0131lda savunma veya sa\u011fl\u0131k konusundaki AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na enerji AR-GE\u2019lerinden 5-6 kat<\/strong> daha fazla b\u00fct\u00e7e ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong>na harcanan AR-GE pay\u0131 2010-2019 d\u00f6neminde %74<\/strong> oran\u0131nda artt\u0131, fakat k\u00fcresel enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki toplam AR-GE harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n hala 10<\/strong>\u2019da 1<\/strong>\u2019inden daha azd\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan, demir \u00e7elik<\/strong> ve \u00e7imento<\/strong> sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ise AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hala \u00e7ok az seviyelerde. \u00c7in\u2019de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon teknolojileri<\/strong>nin AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong>na yap\u0131lan harcamalar 2019<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda %10<\/strong> oran\u0131nda artt\u0131. Bunun yan\u0131nda enerji verimlili\u011fi<\/strong> ve hidrojen<\/strong> AR-GE\u2019leri<\/strong> de ciddi oranda artt\u0131. ABD\u2019de 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon teknolojilerine yap\u0131lan AR-GE \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7esi ise %7<\/strong> oran\u0131nda artt\u0131. IEA \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerde 2000-2012 d\u00f6neminde<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon teknolojilerine yap\u0131lan AR-GE yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong> iki kat artt\u0131 fakat 2012\u2019den<\/strong> sonra yat\u0131r\u0131m oranlar\u0131 dura\u011fanla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Temiz enerjiden s\u0131f\u0131r karbon emisyonu<\/strong>na ge\u00e7i\u015f, \u00e7ok radikal ve ciddi enerji inovasyonlar\u0131 gerektiriyor. E\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmetler bu konuda ciddi ad\u0131mlar atmazsa COVID-19 s\u00fcreci<\/strong> \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir gelecekte bu konulardaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 geciktirecek bir etkiye sahip.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Temiz enerji teknolojilerinde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fme ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015fanmazsa s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefine ula\u015fmak olduk\u00e7a zor olacakt\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn karbon emisyonu ile m\u00fccadelede mevcut […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":118289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51,53,52],"tags":[49839,52259,26559,730,77328,45115,46674,2706,2629,793],"views":165,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118287"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118287"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118287\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118287"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118287"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}