{"id":118234,"date":"2020-08-07T10:12:26","date_gmt":"2020-08-07T07:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=118234"},"modified":"2020-08-07T10:15:16","modified_gmt":"2020-08-07T07:15:16","slug":"savasa-nukleer-silahlara-ve-nukleer-santrallere-hayir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/savasa-nukleer-silahlara-ve-nukleer-santrallere-hayir\/","title":{"rendered":"Sava\u015f\u2019a, N\u00fckleer Silahlara ve N\u00fckleer Santrallara Hay\u0131r!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

1945’te New Mexico \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde, Amerikal\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 atom \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eden ilk n\u00fckleer silah testi olan “Trinity” yi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Trinity s\u0131nav\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bile, ulusal liderler n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f politika \u00fczerindeki etkisini tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Atom Bilimcileri Federasyonu ve Pugwash Bilim ve D\u00fcnya \u0130\u015fleri Konferans\u0131 gibi profesyonel dernekler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, n\u00fckleer silah politikas\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar yapan bilimsel topluluklar vard\u0131.<\/h1>\n

75 y\u0131l<\/strong> \u00f6nce 6 A\u011fustos 1945<\/strong>‘te, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n<\/strong> sonuna do\u011fru, “K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00c7ocuk”<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen atom bombas\u0131 Hiro\u015fima’da<\/strong> patlat\u0131ld\u0131. 12.500 ton TNT<\/strong>‘ ye e\u015fde\u011fer bir verimle patlayan bomba \"\"patlamas\u0131<\/strong> ve termal dalgas\u0131<\/strong> yakla\u015f\u0131k 50.000 binay\u0131<\/strong> (2.Genel Ordu ve Be\u015finci B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn merkezi de dahil olmak \u00fczere) yok etti ve 70.000-80.000<\/strong> insan\u0131 do\u011frudan \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc ve toplam \u00f6len say\u0131s\u0131 90.000-146.000<\/strong> ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

“\u015ei\u015fman Adam”<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen 2’inci bomba<\/strong> ise 9 A\u011fustos 1945’te<\/strong> Nagazaki\u2019de patlat\u0131ld\u0131, \u015fehrin %60’\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> yok etti ve 35.000-40.000<\/strong> insan\u0131 do\u011frudan \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc, ancak bir s\u00fcre sonra 40.000’e<\/strong> kadar ek \u00f6l\u00fcm meydana gelmi\u015f<\/strong> olabilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylendi.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n n\u00fckleer silah stoklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/h2>\n

\u201cCrossroads\u201d Operasyonu<\/strong> ise 1946 yaz\u0131nda ABD taraf\u0131ndan Pasifik Okyanusu’ndaki<\/strong> Bikini Atoll ‘de yap\u0131lan bir dizi n\u00fckleer silah denemesiydi. Amac\u0131, n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n gemiler<\/strong> \u00fczerindeki etkisini test etmekti. \u201cCrossroads\u201d Operasyonunu<\/strong> iptal etme bask\u0131s\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 ve diplomatlardan geldi. Manhattan Projesi<\/strong> bilim adamlar\u0131, daha fazla n\u00fckleer testin gereksiz<\/strong> ve \u00e7evre a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan<\/strong> tehlikeli oldu\u011funu savundu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ne kadar n\u00fckleer silah oldu\u011fu<\/strong> tam bilinmiyor. Farkl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurumlar\u0131 birbirine yak\u0131n farkl\u0131 say\u0131lar sunuyor. Bunlar derlendi\u011finde n\u00fckleer silah say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131n 14 bin 995’e<\/strong> kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Bu silahlar genelde ‘cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7’<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve elinde bu silahlar\u0131 bulunduran \u00fclkeler askeri g\u00fc\u00e7<\/strong> olarak di\u011fer \u00fclkeler \u00fczerine ciddi bask\u0131<\/strong> ve hakimiyet<\/strong> kuruyor.<\/p>\n

6 A\u011fustos 1945\u2019te<\/strong> Hiro\u015fima ve 9 A\u011fustos 1945\u2019te<\/strong> Nagazaki\u2019ye at\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131<\/strong> sonucu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden y\u00fcz binlerce ki\u015fiyi<\/strong> sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

80 y\u0131l \u00f6nce n\u00fckleer enerjinin D\u00fcnya’y\u0131 kurtaraca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bug\u00fcn ise D\u00fcnya n\u00fckleer enerjiden kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin pek \u00e7o\u011fu n\u00fckleer yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak<\/strong>, enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>, temiz<\/strong> ve yenilenebilir enerjiye endeksli<\/strong> olarak yeniden d\u00fczenliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Ancak, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman End\u00fcstrile\u015fmi\u015f \u00dclkeler<\/strong>, art\u0131k kendi halk\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun g\u00f6rmedikleri n\u00fckleer santralleri<\/strong> de i\u015fsiz kalan n\u00fckleer sekt\u00f6rlerini kurtarmak amac\u0131yla, di\u011fer \u00fclkelere pazarlamaya<\/strong> \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ernobil Facias\u0131<\/strong> hen\u00fcz ak\u0131llarda iken bu kez de Japonya<\/strong>\u2019da Fuku\u015fima N\u00fckleer Santrali<\/strong>nde ya\u015fanan sorunlar g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir. Kald\u0131 ki risklerini, radyasyon ve at\u0131k problemlerini<\/strong>, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6nlenemeyen kazalar\u0131n\u0131 bir yana b\u0131raksak bile, n\u00fckleer santraller<\/strong> d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en pahal\u0131<\/strong> ve \u00fclkelerin ekonomisini olumsuz etkileyebilecek<\/strong> bir enerji se\u00e7ene\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcst\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck hesaplanan<\/strong>, hep ucuzmu\u015f<\/strong> gibi g\u00f6sterilen n\u00fckleer enerji birim fiyatlar\u0131<\/strong>, hi\u00e7bir zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir. \u0130lk yat\u0131r\u0131m ve normal i\u015fletim maliyetleri \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olan n\u00fckleer santraller, 35-40 y\u0131ll\u0131k<\/strong> ekonomik \u00f6m\u00fcrleri boyunca s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan kazalar, ek g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri<\/strong>, devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmalar, bak\u0131mlar ve onar\u0131mlar<\/strong> nedeniyle asl\u0131nda enerjiyi \u00e7ok pahal\u0131ya \u00fcretmektedirler. \u00dcstelik bu maliyete, at\u0131klar\u0131n saklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanacak y\u00fcksek paralar ve s\u00f6k\u00fcm giderleri<\/strong> de dahil de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Asla hesaplanamayacak olan bir ba\u015fka bedel ise, herhangi bir n\u00fckleer kaza sonras\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan veya \u00e7\u0131kacak olan toplumsal ve \u00e7evresel maliyettir.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ortalama g\u00fcc\u00fc 1000 MW<\/strong> olan bir n\u00fckleer santral<\/strong>, y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 27 ton y<\/strong>\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyli, 250 ton<\/strong> orta d\u00fczeyli, 450 ton<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyli at\u0131k \u00fcretmektedir. Bu at\u0131klar ve t\u00fckenmi\u015f yak\u0131t \u00e7ubuklar\u0131,<\/strong> 20-30 y\u0131l reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki ya da yan\u0131ndaki havuzlarda radyasyon d\u00fczeyinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi i\u00e7in bekletilir. Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Ajans\u0131 (IAEA)<\/strong> 1977 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda reakt\u00f6r sahalar\u0131nda ya da ge\u00e7ici depolarda, 200 000 ton t\u00fckenmi\u015f yak\u0131t \u00e7ubu\u011fu oldu\u011funu hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131lda ortalama 10 500 ton<\/strong> artan bu rakam\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde %70<\/strong> kadar artarak 340000 tonu<\/strong> a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplanabilir. California\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki San Onofre N\u00fckleer Santrali<\/strong>\u2019nde, n\u00fckleer at\u0131klar\u0131n sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 beton variller, reakt\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcme mesafesinde, kal\u0131n betonun i\u00e7inde muhafaza ediliyor. Bunlar, h\u00fck\u00fcmet verilerine g\u00f6re son 60 y\u0131ld\u0131r Amerika\u2019daki n\u00fckleer santrallerden \u00e7\u0131kan 70 bin ton at\u0131\u011f\u0131n<\/strong> sadece \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc. Almanya kaya tuzu ile bu i\u015fi \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Finlandiya<\/strong> ve \u0130sve\u00e7<\/strong> yerin alt\u0131nda granit ta\u015fl\u0131 depolar<\/strong> in\u015fa etti. \u00a0Fransa, 80 bin metre k\u00fcpl\u00fck<\/strong> bir alana radyoaktif maddeleri depolay\u0131p<\/strong>, buray\u0131 160 milyon y\u0131ld\u0131r<\/strong> de\u011fi\u015fmeyen kil tabakas\u0131<\/strong> ile kaplayacak. Ancak yer alt\u0131ndaki bu alan, nas\u0131l korunacak?<\/p>\n

N\u00fckleer teknoloji<\/strong>, aradan ge\u00e7en bunca y\u0131la kar\u015f\u0131n n\u00fckleer at\u0131klar<\/strong> i\u00e7in son depolama sorununu<\/strong> \u00e7\u00f6zebilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerin taraf olmak zorunda oldu\u011fu Aarhus S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong> g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak t\u00fcm enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131<\/strong> halk\u0131n bilgisi dahilinde, halk\u0131n kararlar\u0131 ile ve yerelin (bireyler, belediyeler ve kooperatifler) sahipli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmelidir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan 11 Aral\u0131k 2019<\/strong> tarihinde 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na<\/strong> kadar iklim n\u00f6tr<\/strong> bir k\u0131ta olu\u015fturma hedefi do\u011frultusunda yeni bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisi olan Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131<\/strong> yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AB<\/strong> sanayisinin 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na<\/strong> kadar d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hedefleyen Mutabakat<\/strong> kapsam\u0131nda sanayiden tar\u0131ma, ula\u015ft\u0131rmadan enerjiye kadar bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde AB mevzuat<\/strong> ve politikalar\u0131<\/strong> g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmektedir. Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda<\/strong> ortaya konan hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na destek olmak amac\u0131yla, Avrupa Komisyonu<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Ufuk2020 Program\u0131<\/strong> kapsam\u0131nda 1 milyar Avro<\/strong>‘luk yeni bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lacakt\u0131r.\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye’deki kurulu\u015flar<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan da bu hibe deste\u011fine<\/strong> ba\u015fvuruda bulunulabilecektir. (https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/research-and-innovation\/strategy\/european-green-deal\/call_en<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Bu ger\u00e7eklerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak, \u00fclkemizin Avrupa Birli\u011fi<\/em> \u201cyolunda\u201d<\/strong> enerji politikas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden \u015fekillendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nceliklerimizin ve tercihlerimizin; art\u0131k n\u00fckleer enerji ve fosil enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan yana de\u011fil,<\/strong> yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan, enerji verimlili\u011finden, daha az enerji kullan\u0131ml\u0131 teknolojik<\/strong> ve \u00fcretim tercihlerinden yana olmas\u0131<\/strong> zaten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gelinen noktada ve sonu\u00e7 olarak N\u00fckleer ve Fosil Yak\u0131t teknolojileri<\/strong>ne de\u011fil, Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131, Enerji Verimlili\u011fi<\/strong> konusunda somut ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmal\u0131<\/strong> ve bu alanlara yat\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong> yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00dcRK\u0130YE \u00c7EVRE PLATFORMU<\/strong><\/p>\n

turcep.org<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. 1945’te New Mexico \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde, Amerikal\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 atom \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eden ilk n\u00fckleer silah testi olan “Trinity” yi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Trinity s\u0131nav\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":118236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51,53,43],"tags":[77300,77295,7455,77301,22594,52259,77298,53348,77292,77297,77294,7456,77296,77299,77293,70474,68154],"views":144,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118234"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118234"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118234\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}