{"id":11564,"date":"2013-06-05T09:27:14","date_gmt":"2013-06-05T06:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=11564"},"modified":"2013-06-05T09:29:22","modified_gmt":"2013-06-05T06:29:22","slug":"kuresel-dengeleri-sarsmaya-aday-enerji-kaya-gazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/kuresel-dengeleri-sarsmaya-aday-enerji-kaya-gazi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) K\u00fcresel Dengeleri Sarsmaya Aday Enerji: Kaya Gaz\u0131…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

Y\u0131llard\u0131r bilinen ancak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayan kaya gaz\u0131, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi teknoloji ile enerji piyasalar\u0131ndaki dengeleri sarsacak gibi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam eden gaz, enerji piyasalar\u0131ndaki oyuncular\u0131n plan ve pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enerji arz\u0131 d\u00fcnyada gittik\u00e7e \u00f6nem kazan\u0131rken Amerika\u2019dan b\u00fct\u00fcn denklemi de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir hamle geldi. Sahip oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck kaya gaz\u0131 rezervlerini de\u011ferlendiren ABD, \u00fcretimin ard\u0131ndan \u015fimdi de ihracata ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine g\u00f6zler kaya gaz\u0131 potansiyeli a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin \u00c7in, Hindistan ve Latin Amerika\u2019ya \u00e7evrildi. Bu geli\u015fmeler, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te enerji kartlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede dikkatleri \u00fczerine \u00e7eken ABD\u2019deki kaya gaz\u0131 devrimi, iki \u00f6nemli soruyu beraberinde getirdi: Avrupa Birli\u011fi, ABD, \u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerin en \u00f6nemli gider kalemi olan enerji ithalat\u0131, artan kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimi ile makul seviyelere inecek mi? Enerji gelirleri ile ayakta duran (Rusya, Suudi Arabistan ve K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri) ekonomiler, muhtemel kaya gaz\u0131 ve kaya petrol\u00fc arz art\u0131\u015f\u0131 durumunda azalan gelirlerden ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenecek?<\/p>\n

Enerji fiyatlar\u0131ndaki dalgalanmalar, en \u00e7ok ekonomisini zengin enerji kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine kuran \u00fclkelerin dengesini bozuyor. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda brent petrol\u00fcn varil ba\u015f\u0131na 30 dolara d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle d\u00f6viz rezervleri eriyen, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fayan Rusya, bu senaryonun en taze \u00f6rne\u011fi oldu. R\u00fczg\u00e2r ve g\u00fcne\u015f gibi yenilenebilir enerjide istenen hedefi tutturamayan ithalat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkeler, gider kalemlerini azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba sarf ederken, yeni enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcndemi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. \u2018\u015eeyl gaz\u0131\u2019 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan kaya gaz\u0131 ABD\u2019de enerji piyasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerinden biri oldu. D\u00fcnyaya y\u00fcksek miktarda karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 yapan \u00c7in ise kaya gaz\u0131na ilgisiz kalmayarak ABD ile i\u015fbirli\u011fine gitme karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

ABD, Avustralya, Kanada ve \u00c7in, 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde enerji \u00fcretiminde kaya gaz\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 50\u2019lere \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 hedefliyor. Ba\u015fta Meksika, Arjantin ve Brezilya, Latin Amerika \u00fclkelerinin de b\u00fcy\u00fck rezervlere sahip oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor. Bug\u00fcne kadar a\u00e7\u0131lan kuyular\u0131n y\u00fczde 99\u2019unun ABD\u2019de olmas\u0131, s\u00fcrecin di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde nas\u0131l geli\u015fece\u011fi konusunda net tespitler yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftiriyor. Uzmanlar, daha \u00f6nce belli b\u00f6lgelerde k\u00fcmelenen enerji ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00fclkelerin say\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n

ABD y\u00f6netimi, \u00fcretilen kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131 ihra\u00e7 etme noktas\u0131nda son derece ketum davran\u0131yor. \u015eu ana kadar sadece bir \u015firkete ihracat izni verildi. \u00dcreticilerin \u2018ucuz fiyat\u2019 bask\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen senatonun ihracat kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131 merak konusu. Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ana m\u00fc\u015fterisi Avrupa Birli\u011fi, bir yandan kamuoyunun \u00e7evre kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 azaltman\u0131n yolunu ararken, di\u011fer taraftan end\u00fcstrinin ucuz enerjiye ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 durdurman\u0131n \u00e7arelerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Petrol ve do\u011falgaz nas\u0131l etkilenir?<\/h2>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 (IEA) Ba\u015fekonomisti Dr. Fatih Birol, kaya gaz\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel gaz ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde. Petrol ve do\u011falgaz fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131nda ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkelerin bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Birol\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u00f6zellikle Avrupa co\u011frafyas\u0131nda y\u00fcksek maliyetli enerji, end\u00fcstrinin g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine sebep olabilir. Piyasalardaki genel beklenti, enerji \u00fcretimindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n geleneksel enerji fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc etkileyece\u011fi \u015feklinde. IEA, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 raporunda \u00fcretilebilir kaya gaz\u0131 rezervini 200 trilyon metrek\u00fcp olarak tahmin ediyor. \u00c7in, Avustralya ve ABD, kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimi konusunda listenin ba\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Rusya ve OPEC\u2019in pozisyonu<\/h2>\n

Avusturya Innsbruck \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden enerji uzman\u0131 Prof. Gerhard Mangott, do\u011falgaz fiyatlar\u0131 ABD\u2019den neredeyse be\u015f kat fazla olan Avrupa\u2019da, k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fini ifade ediyor. Kald\u0131 ki bu k\u00f6m\u00fcrler, ABD\u2019den ucuza ithal edilenler olacak. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu durum k\u0131tadaki emisyon bilan\u00e7osunu k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirecek. Rusya\u2019y\u0131 yak\u0131ndan takip eden Mangott\u2019a g\u00f6re, Ruslar uzun vadede ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019den gelecek ucuz s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gaz y\u00fcz\u00fcnden pazar pay\u0131n\u0131 kaybedebilir. AB\u2019nin enerji \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini sa\u011flama anlam\u0131nda bu yolu tercih edebilece\u011fini kaydeden Mangott, \u201cAvustralya ve \u00c7in\u2019deki geli\u015fmeler ABD\u2019deki gibi devam ederse Avustralya ciddi bir enerji ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olurken \u00c7in\u2019in ithal gaz ihtiyac\u0131 azalacakt\u0131r. Bu noktada uzun s\u00fcreli gaz ve petrol anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmak pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n

AB\u2019de h\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnya end\u00fcstrisinde \u00f6zellikle ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in ciddi bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan, enerjide Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bulunan Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde kaya gaz\u0131 yo\u011fun \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. AB Enerji Komiseri G\u00fcnther \u00d6ttinger\u2019e g\u00f6re, k\u0131tan\u0131n rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc koruyacak ve yukar\u0131 \u00e7ekecek yeni ve k\u0131taya ait hi\u00e7bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131ca yok denemez. \u00d6ttinger, \u201cGaz \u00fcretimimizi ne kadar artt\u0131r\u0131rsak, gaz ithal etti\u011fimiz \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 pazarl\u0131k \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z o kadar y\u00fcksek olur.\u201d diyor. AB\u2019nin ara\u015ft\u0131rma b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 analizlere g\u00f6re k\u0131tada kaya gaz\u0131 rezervleri 16 trilyon metrek\u00fcp ve bu 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k gaz ihtiyac\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor. Ekonomik kriterle bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu rezervlerin \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131m azalabilir<\/h2>\n

Kaya gaz\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa sadece geleneksel \u00fcreticileri etkilemeyecek. Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ciddi \u015fekilde desteklenen yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131, kaya gaz\u0131nda beklendi\u011fi gibi bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rsa yat\u0131r\u0131m ve destek anlam\u0131nda ciddi zarar g\u00f6rebilir. Gaz sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 ile m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli bir enerji \u00e7e\u015fidi olan r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve g\u00fcne\u015f gibi enerji kaynaklar\u0131, maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaya gaz\u0131 \u00fcretimi ve ithalinin artmas\u0131 ile zarara u\u011frayabilir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde n\u00fckleer enerji konusunda \u00f6zellikle ABD\u2019de ciddi gerileme ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in TIKLAYINIZ >><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.Y\u0131llard\u0131r bilinen ancak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayan kaya gaz\u0131, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi teknoloji ile enerji piyasalar\u0131ndaki dengeleri sarsacak gibi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam eden gaz, enerji […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6321,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[1198,3512,63,67,4567,165,5765,168,846],"views":650,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11564"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11564"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11570,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11564\/revisions\/11570"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}