{"id":11490,"date":"2013-06-03T10:09:21","date_gmt":"2013-06-03T07:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=11490"},"modified":"2013-06-03T11:10:05","modified_gmt":"2013-06-03T08:10:05","slug":"turkiyenin-iklim-envanteri-enerji-verimliliginde-tarih-artik-bugundur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/turkiyenin-iklim-envanteri-enerji-verimliliginde-tarih-artik-bugundur\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u0130klim Envanteri: Enerji Verimlili\u011finde Tarih Art\u0131k Bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

%.124’l\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f ile\u00a0 422.2 Milyon Ton karbondiksit e\u015fitine ula\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 sera gaz\u0131\u00a0 envanteri, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana sal\u0131mlar\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama %3.92 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ortaya koyuyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re ise %5.1\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na geliyor. Yani\u00a0 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131m ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yapmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0 aras\u0131ndaki makas her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcyor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

2011 y\u0131l\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 envanterini T\u00fcrkiye 12 Nisan 2013 tarihinde BM \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Sekretaryas\u0131\u2019na iletti. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana ve\u00a0 199\"\"<\/a>0 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 baz alarak haz\u0131rlanan bu raporlar, asl\u0131nda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine dair\u00a0 neler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n bir \u00f6zeti.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel sal\u0131mlar\u0131n 1990 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re 2020\u2019de %40 azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini\u00a0 y\u0131llar \u00f6nce bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Son ya\u015fanan Kuzey Kutbu yaz sonu buzulunda\u00a0 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme, Gr\u00f6nland kara buzulunda y\u00fczey tabakas\u0131ndaki h\u0131zl\u0131 erime ve en son\u00a0 Kuzey Kutbu s\u0131cakl\u0131k rekorlar\u0131 haberi, durumun bilimin tahminlerinden daha k\u00f6t\u00fc\u00a0 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. K\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde, art\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k %6 seviyesinde azalt\u0131m\u00a0 iklimin \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze y\u0131k\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in son \u015fans.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6ylesi bir bilimsel ve ya\u015famsal arka planda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sera gaz\u0131\u00a0 envanteri, \u00e7ok \u015fey anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Envanter Ne S\u00f6yl\u00fcyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

2012-2013 k\u0131\u015f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00fcnl\u00fck meteoroloji verilerinin toplumun g\u00f6z\u00fcnde\u00a0 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klara cereyan etti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem oldu. \u0130\u015fin k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z 1990\u2019l\u0131\u00a0 y\u0131llarda sald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n etkisi asl\u0131nda. Atmosfere sal\u0131nan her\u00a0 karbondioksit molek\u00fcl\u00fc, belli bir zaman sonra iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde etkisini\u00a0 ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

%.124’l\u00fck\u00a0bir art\u0131\u015f ile\u00a0 422.2 Milyon Ton karbondiksit e\u015fitine ula\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 sera gaz\u0131\u00a0 envanteri, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana sal\u0131mlar\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama %3.92 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ortaya koyuyor. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re ise %5.1\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na geliyor. Yani\u00a0 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131m ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yapmas\u0131 gereken\u00a0 aras\u0131ndaki makas her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

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Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 milyon ton karbondioksit e\u015fde\u011feri art\u0131\u015f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, 16.2\u00a0 milyon tonu enerji kaynakl\u0131. Geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n 2.2 milyon tonu end\u00fcstri kaynakl\u0131\u00a0 1.7 milyon tonu ise tar\u0131m kaynakl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Enerji kaynakl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n 9.4 Milyon tonu elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan\u00a0 do\u011falgaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr iken, kalan art\u0131\u015f\u0131n 3.2 milyon tonu ula\u015f\u0131m, 3.4 milyon tonu\u00a0 ise, s\u0131k\u0131 durun, demir-\u00e7elik ve \u00e7imento sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki enerji kaynakl\u0131. Neredeyse,\u00a0 termik santraller, daha fazla karbon yo\u011fun ula\u015f\u0131m ve k\u00f6pr\u00fc, baraj ve konut\u00a0 yap\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle 80 milyon n\u00fcfuslu Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n bir y\u0131ll\u0131k sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 kadar artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f\u0131z. Biz bu benzetmeyi yaparken, Etiyopya\u2019n\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda\u00a0 bulundu\u011fu 49 \u00fclkeden olu\u015fan Az Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00dclkeler sera gaz\u0131 azalt\u0131m hedefi\u00a0 alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015f daha m\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki %5.1 art\u0131\u015f ile T\u00fcrkiye 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama\u00a0 %3.92 gibi bir art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. E\u011fer baz y\u0131l olarak 1990\u00a0 de\u011fil\u2019de, mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcmetin se\u00e7ildi\u011fi y\u0131l\u0131 se\u00e7erseniz, 2002-2011 y\u0131l\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u00a0 ortalamas\u0131 %5.07 gibi ciddi y\u00fcksek bir oran kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. K\u0131sacas\u0131, son 9\u00a0 y\u0131l\u0131n ortalamas\u0131 \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek. Bu arada hat\u0131rlamakta fayda var, \u0130klim\u00a0 De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00c7er\u00e7eve S\u00f6zle\u015fmesine 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kyoto Protokol\u00fc\u2019ne ise 2009\u00a0 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye taraf oldu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye son 21 y\u0131ll\u0131k temel politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrse (Grafikte 2020-Y1 ile\u00a0 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir), 2020 itibariyle 600 milyon ton toplam sal\u0131ma ula\u015facak, ki\u015fi\u00a0 ba\u015f\u0131 sal\u0131m ise 6.7 tona a\u015farak bilimin hedef koydu\u011fu ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 2 ton mertebesini\u00a0 bir daha hayal edemeyecek.<\/p>\n

2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana politikalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrse(Grafikte 2020-Y2 ile\u00a0 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir), 660 milyon ton mertebesinde bir sal\u0131m ve 7.2 ton ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131\u00a0 sal\u0131mlar\u0131 ile AB\u2019nin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 yakalayacak. Unutmadan, AB 2011\u2019de\u00a0 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 %3 azaltt\u0131 .<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, bilimin ortaya koydu\u011fu veriler bir yana, say\u0131sal veriler de pek i\u00e7\u00a0 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmayacak.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Konutlar Daha m\u0131 K\u00f6t\u00fc Art\u0131k?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve do\u011falgazdan elektrik elde etmeyi sevdi. Bunu\u00a0 geli\u015fmi\u015flik ya da kalk\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6ren eski \u00f6\u011freti bug\u00fcn hala g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. Bu\u00a0 \u00f6\u011fretiye g\u00f6re eskimi\u015f konutlardan kurtulmak, yeni \u201crezidanslara \u00e7\u0131kmak\u201d \u00e7ok daha\u00a0 makbul. Ama envanter bunu s\u00f6ylemiyor.<\/p>\n

Konutlarda kullan\u0131lan fosil yak\u0131t kaynakl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u0131 envanterin\u00a0 bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Sal\u0131mlar ise kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131t\u0131n verdi\u011fi enerji \u00fcst\u00fcnden hesaplan\u0131r.\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de konutlar da \u00a01990 y\u0131l\u0131nda 240 milyon TJ olan toplam enerji\u00a0 kullan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re 2002\u2019de 280 Milyon TJ\u2019e \u00a0\u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. 2011\u2019de ise 836 Milyon\u00a0 TJ\u2019e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Sera gaz\u0131 olarak ifade edersek, 1990\u2019da 23 Milyon ton karbondioksit\u00a0 sal\u0131m\u0131ndan 2011\u2019de 52.6 Milyon ton\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi burada akl\u0131n\u0131z kar\u0131\u015fabilir, 2002\u2019de ne oldu da art\u0131\u015f\u00a0 katland\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

2002 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kentsel hava kirlili\u011fi nedeniyle k\u00f6m\u00fcrden do\u011falgaza ge\u00e7i\u015f\u00a0 ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu nedenle k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 2002\u2019de 1990\u2019n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Konut\u00a0 say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u2019l\u0131k bir art\u0131\u015f 12 y\u0131l\u00a0 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

2002\u2019den sonra do\u011falgaz\u0131n kentleri k\u00f6m\u00fcrden kurtarmak i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olmaktan\u00a0 \u00e7ok her tarafa ula\u015fan ve d\u00fczenli bir gelir toplama arac\u0131 olmas\u0131 sonucunda\u00a0 kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok ciddi artt\u0131. Bunun sonucunda, 2011\u2019de 1990\u2019\u0131n tam 201 kat\u0131 daha\u00a0 fazla gaz yakt\u0131k! Gelir kayna\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rme ve sonucunda fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise, 1990\u2019a g\u00f6re\u00a0 yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fen k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tekrar cazip hale getirdi ve 2011\u2019de 2002\u2019nin 4\u00a0 kat\u0131 kadar evlerde k\u00f6m\u00fcr yakar olduk. Yani, kentlerdeki hava kirlili\u011fini \u00e7\u00f6zme\u00a0 amac\u0131 bug\u00fcn fosil yak\u0131tlardan gelir toplamaya, k\u0131sacas\u0131 y\u00fcksek karbon\u00a0 ekonomisini geli\u015ftirmeye yarad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu a\u00e7\u0131klama, tek bir \u015feye cevap veremiyor, o da konutlar\u0131n daha\u00a0 verimsiz enerji kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re neredeyse 4 kat\u0131 enerji harcayan\u00a0 konutlar, olsa olsa enerji verimsizli\u011finin, kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ile ortaya\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan geni\u015f evlerin bizlere hediyesidir.<\/p>\n

3. K\u00f6pr\u00fc ve Havaliman\u0131!<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan yak\u0131tlardan kaynakl\u0131 \u00a03.4 milyon ton bir art\u0131\u015f\u00a0 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. B\u00f6ylesi bir art\u0131\u015f ile ula\u015f\u0131m kaynakl\u0131 toplam sal\u0131mlar 47.7\u00a0 milyon ton\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

2.16 milyon ton art\u0131\u015f \u00a0ile karayolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck kaynak. 2010 y\u0131l\u0131na\u00a0 g\u00f6re %6 bir art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken, bu art\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen benzin kaynakl\u0131 sal\u0131mlar\u00a0 azalm\u0131\u015f. LPG\u2019den kaynakl\u0131 sal\u0131mlar %3, dizel kaynakl\u0131 sal\u0131mlar ise %9 artarak bu\u00a0 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n akt\u00f6rleri olmu\u015f. K\u0131sacas\u0131, t\u00fcketiciye ula\u015f\u0131m pahal\u0131 geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u00a0 benzinden dizel ya da LPG\u2019ye ge\u00e7mi\u015f, ama toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de bireysel\u00a0 ara\u00e7larla ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak zorunda kalmaya devam etmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Haydarpa\u015fa Tren gar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, benzer \u015fekilde Amik g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn kurutulup\u00a0 \u00a0ortas\u0131na havaalan\u0131 yapacak d\u00fczeyde havac\u0131l\u0131k deste\u011fi, sal\u0131mlarda da\u00a0 kendine yer bulmu\u015f. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda sal\u0131mlar hava ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda 2010\u2019a g\u00f6re artm\u0131\u015f. Bu\u00a0 art\u0131\u015f sadece yurti\u00e7i ula\u015f\u0131m kaynakl\u0131. Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda\u00a0 toplamda ve de garip bir \u015fekilde %213 gibi bir art\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta, toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma de\u011fil bireysel ta\u015f\u0131ma derseniz duble yollar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler\u00a0 ve havalimanlar\u0131 ile ula\u015f\u0131m de\u011fil, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey ortaya\u00a0 koyamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 Olarak?<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye 2012 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u0131l\u0131 ilan etti. Depreme kar\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen\u00a0 kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ile Ankara\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131ndaki tarihi Sara\u00e7o\u011flu Mahallesini bile\u00a0 y\u0131kma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. TU\u0130K taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan envanterin Sekreterya\u2019ya\u00a0 iletilmesinden sorumlu kurumun ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00a0\u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakan\u0131,\u00a0 \u00e7imento santraline kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan halka bundan sonra b\u00f6lgeye yap\u0131lacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda\u00a0 imza atmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Di\u011ferlerini de ekledi\u011finizde ortaya iklim dostu\u00a0 teknolojiler \u00fcst\u00fcnde rekabete giren, halk\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015fanacak topraklar arayan\u00a0 devletlerin oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnya ile o d\u00fcnyaya ra\u011fmen kar ya\u011fmadan k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7iren,\u00a0 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konutlar\u0131n dere yata\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu daha fark etmeyen her g\u00fcn sel\u00a0 felaketleri ile \u00fclkenin bir yeri yara sararken 4\u2019l\u00fck bir sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131m art\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0 \u00e7ok normal g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

“K\u00fcresel vicdana en fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fumuz bir \u00e7a\u011fda ya\u015f\u0131yoruz” demi\u015fti\u00a0 Ba\u015fbakan 8 Nisan tarihinde BM Ormanc\u0131l\u0131k Forumu\u2019nda. G\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki, bu denli\u00a0 \u00a0fosil yak\u0131t merkezli politikalar nedeniyle s\u00f6zlerini tarih i\u00e7inde de\u011fil,\u00a0 bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok\u00e7a sorgulayaca\u011f\u0131z. Zaten iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin geldi\u011fi noktada tarih\u00a0 art\u0131k bug\u00fcn de\u011fil mi?…<\/p>\n

Yazan: \u00d6nder Algedik<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Ye\u015fil Ekonomi<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.%.124’l\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f ile\u00a0 422.2 Milyon Ton karbondiksit e\u015fitine ula\u015fan T\u00fcrkiye’nin 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 sera gaz\u0131\u00a0 envanteri, 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana sal\u0131mlar\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9838,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[63,67,165,1999,76,5703,442,5704,925,1296],"views":666,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11490"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11490"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11514,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11490\/revisions\/11514"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9838"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}