{"id":10828,"date":"2013-05-13T10:40:53","date_gmt":"2013-05-13T07:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=10828"},"modified":"2013-05-13T10:40:53","modified_gmt":"2013-05-13T07:40:53","slug":"makale-afsin-elbistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/makale-afsin-elbistan\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Makale: Af\u015fin-Elbistan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

De\u011ferli Okurlar\u0131m,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli projeleri \u201cAf\u015fin Elbistan\u201d projeleridir. T\u00fcrkiye linyit kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n nerdeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 Af\u015fin- Elbistan\u2019dad\u0131r. Elbistan ovas\u0131nda A ve B gurubu olarak her biri yakla\u015f\u0131k 1400 MWe kapasiteli yerli Elbistan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yakan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kapasiteli termik santraller kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ortada yak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor bir yak\u0131t vard\u0131r. Mevcut yerli yak\u0131t\u0131n ortalama kalorifik de\u011feri \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Alt \u0131s\u0131l de\u011feri 1150 kcal\/kg\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7inde ortalama %55 nem, %20 k\u00fcl, %1,5-4 aras\u0131 k\u00fck\u00fcrt vard\u0131r. K\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u00fczeyden 70-100 metre a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dad\u0131r. Damar ortalamas\u0131 40 metre olup zaman zaman 80 metreye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sahadaki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispatlanm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr ekonomik olarak 450 milyon ton ham petrole e\u015f de\u011ferdedir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc para ile tahminen 400 milyar US Dolar\u2019l\u0131k bir de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin-A santralinde orijinal tedarik\u00e7isi Alman BBC ve Frans\u0131z Alstom olan 3x 340 MWe ve 1\u00d7335 MWe toplam 1355 MWe kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7te buhar t\u00fcrbin- jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc ve onlar\u0131 besleyen 1020 ton\/saat buhar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f kapasiteli 154 bar 535C buhar \u00fcreten Alman VKW- Babcock- Steinm\u00fcller tasar\u0131m\u0131 buhar jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin-B termik santralinde ise 4 adet x 360 MWe (403 kVA) kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7te Japon Mitsubishi t\u00fcrbin jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc ve onlar\u0131 besleyen 167 bar 540C 1037 ton\/ saat buhar kapasiteli Alman Babcock Borsig tasar\u0131m\u0131 buhar jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc bulunur.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin Elbistan A santrali projelendirme kapasitesinde ge\u00e7ici kabulden sonra nerdeyse hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re uzun s\u00fcredir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 fueloil yedeklemesi ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 MWe civar\u0131nda devaml\u0131 azami y\u00fckte \u00fcretim yapabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

A ve B \u00fcnitelerinde indirekt (dolayl\u0131- dola\u015fmal\u0131) yanma sistemi uygulan\u0131yor. Ticari- piyasa ad\u0131 \u201cBr\u00fcden filtresi\u201d olan bu sistem ile buhar kazan\u0131 zemininde bulunan k\u00f6m\u00fcr de\u011firmenlerinde p\u00fclverize edilen \u2013 yani toz haline getirilen- ham k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 1\/3\u2032\u00fc Br\u00fcden filtrelerden ge\u00e7irilerek susuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00f6m\u00fcr tozu, filtre elektrotlar\u0131 ile tutuluyor.<\/p>\n

Susuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr bir nevi yard\u0131mc\u0131 yak\u0131t vazifesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve br\u00fcden yak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kazana beslenir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u00e7indeki nem (su) in bir k\u0131sm\u0131 br\u00fcden filtrelerden, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131da yanma sonras\u0131 baca gaz\u0131ndan atmosfere at\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra kurumu\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr (1\/3\u2019\u00fc) kazan\u0131n alt ve orta noktalar\u0131ndan iki adet br\u00fcden yak\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ile geri kalan nemli k\u00f6m\u00fcr (2\/3\u2019\u00fc) de d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 noktadan yak\u0131c\u0131lar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kazana beslenir.<\/p>\n

Piyasada mevcut termik santral yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131na, bu k\u00f6m\u00fcr analizlerini girin, p\u00fclverize k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131 mesaj\u0131 al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar, ayr\u0131 kurutma yolu ile nemin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, mutlaka \u0131s\u0131l de\u011fer y\u00fckseltilmesini veya CFB \/ IGCC uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 verirler.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>CFB Circulating Fluid Bed\/ \u201cDola\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 Ak\u0131\u015fkan yatak\u201d veya \u201cIGCC Intergrated Gasification Combined Cycle\u201d\/ yani \u201cEntegre gazla\u015ft\u0131rma kombine \u00e7evrim\u201d sistemleri uygulanmal\u0131- diyorlar.<\/p>\n

Bundan 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce direkt veya dolayl\u0131 p\u00fclverize yakma sisteminden ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yoktu. \u015eimdi ba\u015fka iki denenmi\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bunlar hen\u00fcz Af\u015fin-Elbistan\u2019a uygulanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mevcut uygulanabilir indirekt- dolayl\u0131 \u201cPulverize k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u201d sistemi ile devaml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in k\u00f6m\u00fcr kalorifik kalitesi y\u00fckseltilmeli, yanmayan maddelerden temizlenmeli- ay\u0131klanmal\u0131- su\/nem\/ rutubet oran\u0131 azalt\u0131lmal\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Mevcut Af\u015fin- Elbistan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, buhar kazanlar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmeden \u00f6nce, sahada kalorifik olarak zenginle\u015ftirilmeli, yanmaz maddelerden temizlenmeli, hatta i\u00e7indeki su oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmeli. Bunlar yap\u0131lmayacak \u015feyler de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye kendi yeralt\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yeterince kullanamad\u0131. Elektrik \u00fcretiminde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ithal yak\u0131t, \u00f6zellikle do\u011falgaz harcand\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Af\u015fin Elbistan Sahas\u0131nda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ancak zor bir yerli k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervi bizleri bekliyor.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, \u00e7evre ile uyumlu ve sosyal etkilerini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek ekonomiye kazand\u0131rmak gerekir. Ancak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc piyasa mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bu zordur. Master Proje haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, Elbistan y\u00f6resinin t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in Havza planlanmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin- Elbistan havzas\u0131ndaki k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmenin benzeri \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir alanda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Mevcut bilgilere g\u00f6re bu alan, Sivas kangal linyit sahas\u0131ndan ba\u015flar, t\u00fcm Af\u015fin Elbistan k\u00f6m\u00fcr havzas\u0131n\u0131, Adana Tufanbeyli ve hatta son zamanlarda geli\u015ftirilen Konya Karap\u0131nar k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Havza planlamas\u0131, y\u00f6renin t\u00fcm\u00fc ile t\u00fcm etkili fakt\u00f6rler ele al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Burada kamunun mutlaka devreye girmesi gerekir. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapamaz. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte kamula\u015ft\u0131rma yapamaz. Yeniden isk\u00e2n yapamaz.<\/p>\n

Nehir yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi, yeni barajlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00fcl baraj\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yeni iletim hatlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 ile \u00e7ok zordur, finansman\u0131 ayr\u0131 zordur.<\/p>\n

Santrallerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Kamunun planlama, haz\u0131rl\u0131k ve yap\u0131m\u0131nda\/ hatta bir s\u00fcre i\u015fletmesinde ortak olaca\u011f\u0131 bir yeni model ile yeni Termik Santrallerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin Elbistan B Santrali\u2019nin \u00c7evresel Etki De\u011ferlendirme (\u00c7ED) Raporu, Af\u015fin A Termik Santrali\u2019ne baca gaz\u0131 des\u00fclf\u00fcrizasyon (Flue Gas Desuphurization- FGD) yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 ile al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda bitti ve FGD olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in 2017\u2032ye uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin Elbistan sahas\u0131nda hava kalitesi s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011feri sorun olmu\u015ftur. Yeni yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenen 3x 1400 MW\u2019l\u0131k yeni Termik Santraller, art\u0131k hava kalitesi uygun olmayan bu b\u00f6lgenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131lacak. \u00d6n \u00c7ED \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fizibilite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda sahalar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mevcut iki nehirde derivasyon yap\u0131lmas\u0131, nehir yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve so\u011futma suyu i\u00e7in yeni baraj yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gere\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin- A Santrali\u2019nin gerekli rehabilitasyon\/ \u00e7evre yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak harcama art\u0131k gereksizdir. A Santral\u0131 t\u00fcmden kapat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve hurda olarak sat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. A santralinin i\u015fletilmesi ile ilgili bir \u00f6zel firma ile olan mevcut hukuki sorunlar bir an \u00f6nce \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

Elbistan- D sahas\u0131nda h\u00f6y\u00fck var, S\u0130T alan\u0131 ilan edildi ve termik santral projeleri durdu.<\/p>\n

\u015eubat 2011\u2032de meydana gelen heyelan dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00c7\u00f6llolar k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahas\u0131 kapal\u0131. Her iki santrale k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u015fu anda K\u0131\u015flak\u00f6y sahas\u0131ndan veriliyor.<\/p>\n

\u015eubat 2013 i\u00e7inde Af\u015fin-B rutin bak\u0131m esnas\u0131nda 2. \u00fcnite k\u00f6m\u00fcr kurutma \u201cBr\u00fcden\u201d k\u0131sm\u0131nda biriken kuru k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn yanmas\u0131 sonucu yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, yang\u0131n k\u0131sa zamanda s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, yeniden onar\u0131ma girildi.<\/p>\n

Planlanan Elbistan C ve E K\u00f6m\u00fcr Sahalar\u0131 i\u00e7in alt yap\u0131 hizmetlerinin kamu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. K\u00f6m\u00fcr sahas\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde mevcut iki kasaban\u0131n ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00f6y yerle\u015fim yerinin ba\u015fka yere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, burada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ma\u011fdur edilmeden yeni\/ uygun \/yak\u0131n yerlere isk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunlar\u0131 ancak kamu yapar\/ yapabilir.<\/p>\n

Elbistan Sahas\u0131ndaki 5 milyar tonluk rezerv ile yeni toplam 3x 1400 MW\u2019l\u0131k Santral yap\u0131labilir. Yat\u0131r\u0131m se\u00e7enekleri olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde, r\u00f6dovans\/ uzun d\u00f6nem kiralama, k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahas\u0131n\u0131n santral yap\u0131m\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 ile 30-y\u0131l s\u00fcreli devri, kamunun yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan uzun d\u00f6nemde \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi, Public Private Partnership (PPP), Yap-\u0130\u015flet (Y\u0130) ve Yap-\u0130\u015flet-Devret (Y\u0130D) modelleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer 1 metrek\u00fcp\/ ton k\u00f6m\u00fcr i\u00e7in 1,7 US Dolar, \u00f6rt\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcr kald\u0131rmas\u0131\/ toprak \u00f6rt\u00fc dekupaj i\u00e7in 4,25 Dolar harcarsak, toplam yakla\u015f\u0131k ton ba\u015f\u0131na 7-8 US Dolar\u2019a k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00fcretilebilir. E\u00dcA\u015e 2006 y\u0131l\u0131 sunumunda ton ba\u015f\u0131na santral teslimi k\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyat\u0131 7.8 USD belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm amortisman, rand\u0131man, servis, bak\u0131m\/onar\u0131m\/ giderleri ile kWh ba\u015f\u0131na 6.0 -7.0 UScent civar\u0131nda maliyet olu\u015fabilir. 1400 MWe l\u0131k (4 \u00fcniteden olu\u015fan) her bir santral i\u00e7in herhalde\u00a0olu\u015facak 2 milyar Dolar fiyatl\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m bug\u00fcnk\u00fc piyasa fiyatlar\u0131 ile kendini tahminen 7-8 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde geri \u00f6der. Bu geri \u00f6deme s\u00fcresi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc piyasa \u015fartlar\u0131nda makul say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Af\u015fin A Termik Santrali\u2019ne y\u00f6nelik rehabilitasyon ihalesi uzun zamand\u0131r sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lamad\u0131. 280 milyon Euro\u2019luk D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 kredisi iptal edildi. Mevcut kamu ihale modeli ile b\u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck ihaleler yap\u0131lam\u0131yor. Redovans (imtiyaz pay\u0131\/veya \u00fcretim i\u015fletme hakk\u0131 pay\u0131) ihale y\u00f6ntemi Af\u015fin Elbistan i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmuyor.<\/p>\n

Saha\u2019da yap\u0131lacak santrallerde \u201cdola\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fkan yatak\u201d (Circulating Fluid Bed- CFB) veya \u201cpulverize dolayl\u0131 yanma\u201d (Pulverized Coal Indirect Firing) kazan teknolojisinin kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak \u00e7ok nemli alkaliler i\u00e7eren k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn, p\u00fclverize ve ak\u0131\u015fkan yatak teknolojisinde 450 MWe ve \u00fcst\u00fc y\u00fcksek kapasiteli \u00fcnitelerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zor.<\/p>\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn yapmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00fct\u00e7e s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 nerdeyse yok. Af\u015fin- A Santralinde hala des\u00fclf\u00fcrizasyon (FGD) yok. Koymaya imk\u00e2n yok. Toz filtreleri (ESP) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\/ yetersiz\/ \u00e7o\u011fu zaman devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 durumda. So\u011futma suyu temin sorunu var.<\/p>\n

Kullanma\/ So\u011futma Suyu \u00c7evre Belediyelerimiz, \u00e7evre insan\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in de laz\u0131md\u0131r. T\u00fcm suyu termik santral kullan\u0131rsa, \u00e7evre insan\u0131 ev-i\u00e7i temizlenme i\u00e7in hangi suyu kullanacak? Bundan sonra, \u00e7ok gerekli kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda termik santral so\u011futma sistemi i\u00e7in kuru tip so\u011futma kuleleri yapmak gerek.<\/p>\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in Kamu-\u00d6zel Sekt\u00f6r Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (PPP) Modelinin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekir. \u00d6nemli bir ortak de\u011fer yer alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir. \u015eu ana kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da yerli- yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 gurubu sahada \u201c\u00f6n de\u011ferlendirme\u201d (Due-diligence) ve \u201c\u00f6n yap\u0131labilirlik\u201d (Pre-feasibility) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce E\u00dcA\u015e yeni sahalar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilebilmesi ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n kolay finans bulabilmeleri i\u00e7in \u201cbankable\u201d- yani \u201cfinans verilebilir\u201d raporu haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ihalesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130haleyi ABD men\u015feli \u201cBain & Company ald\u0131.\u201d Raporlar haz\u0131rland\u0131 teslim edildi.<\/p>\n

Her \u00fclke kendi yerel yak\u0131t\u0131- yerel k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in, kendi termik santrallerini, kendi yerel \u015firketlerinin liderli\u011finde \/ ve kendi finansman kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile kurmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu i\u015f yabanc\u0131 uzmanlara\/ yabanc\u0131 firmalara b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak derecede \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Yeni santrallerde yeni geli\u015ftirilen temiz k\u00f6m\u00fcr teknolojileri uygulanabilir. CCS, IGCC, Oxy-firing, yeralt\u0131 gazla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojileri uygulanabilir.
\n\u00d6te yandan Gazla\u015ft\u0131rma Reakt\u00f6rleri sahada monte etmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle gazla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisinde 300 MW\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde Santral yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in zordur.<\/p>\n

Proje ile ilgili yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 guruplar olarak, G\u00fcney Kore SK, AbuDhabi Taqa, Japon MHI ve \u00c7in Harbin guruplar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Her biri Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ile \u00f6n anla\u015fma\/ ilgi beyan\u0131\/ niyet mektubu benzeri dok\u00fcmanlar imzalad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Daha \u00f6nce al\u0131nan kredilerde Devlet\/ Hazine garantisi vard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k uygulanm\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn en pop\u00fcler finansman, \u201cGeri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz\/ Proje kefaletli, (non-recourse)\u201d finansman uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu modelde projenin \u00f6mr\u00fc ve giderlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131 ile kurulan \u015firkete kredi verilir, b\u00f6ylece sponsorlar\u0131n kendi b\u00fct\u00e7eleri projeden etkilenmez.<\/p>\n

\u201cGeri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz\/ Proje Kefaletli, (non-recourse)\u201d finansman y\u00f6ntemi, kredinin geri \u00f6denmesinde yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca \u015firket\/ corporate kefaleti vermedi\u011fi, proje \u00fcretim gelirinin kefalet \/ kar\u015f\u0131 garanti olarak yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir ticari\/ piyasa uyumlu proje finans y\u00f6ntemidir. Ticari\/ piyasa proje kredisi alacaksan\u0131z, ticari davranacaks\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131 proje devri yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z bu ticari olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar, siyasi olur. Siyasi krediler gerekir. Uzun d\u00f6nemli siyasi krediler zordur. Proje kontrol\u00fc zordur. Tasar\u0131m g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yoktur.<\/p>\n

Sigara i\u00e7erken ayn\u0131 zamanda iPhone telefonla konu\u015fan ve y\u00fcksek topuklu ayakkab\u0131 ile otomobil kullanan bir gen\u00e7 han\u0131m\u0131n risk alg\u0131s\u0131 ile, tecr\u00fcbeli bir taksi \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn risk alg\u0131s\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde konuyu bilmeden risk alan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ile bilen aras\u0131nda da risk alg\u0131lamas\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lklerin risk alg\u0131lamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, ikincilerin y\u00fcksek olabilir.<\/p>\n

Bunlar benim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerim, benim do\u011frular\u0131m. Bunlar\u0131n, aynen sizin do\u011frular\u0131n\u0131z olmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fil, gerekli de\u011fil. Burada piyasa dinamikleri ile ilgili anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m matematik de\u011fil, fizik de\u011fil. Piyasan\u0131n do\u011frular\u0131, zamana, yere, ki\u015fiye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

En derin sayg\u0131lar\u0131mla.<\/p>\n

HalukDireskeneli@gmail.com, Muenchen, Deutschland<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Enerji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.De\u011ferli Okurlar\u0131m, Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli projeleri \u201cAf\u015fin Elbistan\u201d projeleridir. T\u00fcrkiye linyit kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n nerdeyse yar\u0131s\u0131 Af\u015fin- Elbistan\u2019dad\u0131r. Elbistan ovas\u0131nda A ve B gurubu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53],"tags":[5270,63,67,165,2419,438],"views":1796,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10828"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10828"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10828\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10831,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10828\/revisions\/10831"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}