{"id":106197,"date":"2020-01-10T14:41:08","date_gmt":"2020-01-10T11:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=106197"},"modified":"2020-01-10T14:49:21","modified_gmt":"2020-01-10T11:49:21","slug":"iklim-degisikligi-baglaminda-tarimda-donusumun-politik-ekolojisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/iklim-degisikligi-baglaminda-tarimda-donusumun-politik-ekolojisi\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’de Tar\u0131mda D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn Politik Ekolojisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi \u0130stanbul Politikalar Merkezi (\u0130PM),<\/u><\/strong>\u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Tar\u0131m\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Politik Ekolojisi\u201d temal\u0131 konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131. Konferansta, T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda 2000 sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve di\u011fer ekolojik sorunlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele alan ve tar\u0131mda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin ortaya koyduklar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m ve \u00e7abalara odaklanan proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong><\/h1>\n

\u0130stanbul Politikalar Merkezi (\u0130PM)-Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi-Stiftung Mercator Giri\u015fimi<\/strong>, adil ve ekolojik bir tar\u0131m-g\u0131da sisteminin kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ortaya konan \u00e7abalara katk\u0131 sunmak amac\u0131yla ana \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131ndan biri olan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda \u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Tar\u0131m\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Politik Ekolojisi\u201d<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, Minerva Han\u2019da<\/strong> bir \"\"konferans d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n

Fikret Adaman<\/u><\/strong>, Duygu Avc\u0131<\/strong>, Umut Kocag\u00f6z<\/strong> ve G\u00f6k\u00e7e Yeniev<\/strong>\u2019den olu\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi; T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda 2000 sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve di\u011fer ekolojik sorunlar ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele alan ve tar\u0131mda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin ortaya koyduklar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m ve \u00e7abalara odaklanan proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk bulgu ve de\u011ferlendirmelerini kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131larla payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n amac\u0131;<\/strong> politik ekoloji perspektifinden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi-tar\u0131m ili\u015fkisi<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n son 20 y\u0131ldaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve ileriye y\u00f6nelik senaryolar, teknolojik geli\u015fmeler, tar\u0131mda yeni akt\u00f6rler ile imkanlar, f\u0131rsatlar ve k\u0131s\u0131tlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek olarak \u00f6zetlendi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kapsam\u0131 ise; iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyum odakl\u0131, g\u0131da zincirinin tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim halkas\u0131na odakl\u0131, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim i\u00e7erisinde bitkisel \u00fcretime odakl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131ndaki genel manzaray\u0131 anlamak, \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi\/farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 yakalamak ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi-tar\u0131m ekseninde ileriki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara altl\u0131k olu\u015fturmak \u015feklinde belirtildi.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tar\u0131m\u0131n yerine ili\u015fkin olarak 1980 ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz<\/strong> aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan k\u0131yaslamada Gayrisafi Milli Has\u0131la\u2019da tar\u0131m\u0131n kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin %25\u2019ten %7\u2019ye<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tar\u0131m\u0131n 1980\u2019de<\/strong> istihdam\u0131n %50\u2019sini<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131larken bug\u00fcn %20\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong> ifade edildi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de halihaz\u0131rda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon adet<\/strong> tar\u0131m i\u015fletmesinin oldu\u011fu, i\u015fletmelerin %80\u2019inin<\/strong> toplam arazinin %30\u2019una<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen 100 dekardan<\/strong> k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck araziye sahip oldu\u011fu ve %25\u2019sinin<\/strong> sulu tar\u0131m, %75\u2019inin<\/strong> kuru tar\u0131m olarak i\u015flem g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tar\u0131msal arazide 1980\u2019lere<\/strong> g\u00f6re %15\u2019lik<\/strong> bir azal\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve bunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n konuta ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n metodolojisi olarak;<\/span> literat\u00fcr taramas\u0131, saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, yerel at\u00f6lyeler, ak\u0131ll\u0131 tar\u0131m at\u00f6lyesi ve konferans & panel kat\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n benimsendi\u011fi<\/em> ifade edildi.<\/p>\n

Saha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen akt\u00f6rlerin ise; kamu kurumlar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcretici gruplar\u0131, yerel y\u00f6netimler, alternatif tar\u0131m-g\u0131da inisiyatifleri, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r temsilcileri ve akademisyenler oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylendi.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n analitik \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olarak iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkilerine<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar ve tar\u0131mda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyum<\/strong> i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin \u00fcretti\u011fi cevaplar\u0131n \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde pazara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong> ile \u00fcretim pratiklerinin de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/strong> \u00fczerinden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesinin benimsendi\u011fi belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Konferansta ayr\u0131ca iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda tar\u0131mdaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere y\u00f6n vermesi beklenen kamu politikalar\u0131, yerel y\u00f6netimler, ak\u0131ll\u0131 tar\u0131m ve alternatif g\u0131da a\u011flar\u0131<\/strong> g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine Uyum Politikalar\u0131<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda; kamu politikalar\u0131nda benimsenen g\u0131da g\u00fcvencesi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve su kaynaklar\u0131na etkileri<\/em> \u00fczerine modelleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, kurakl\u0131k y\u00f6netim planlar\u0131 ve su y\u00f6netimi planlar\u0131, destekleme mekanizmalar\u0131, kurakl\u0131k ve hastal\u0131klara diren\u00e7li bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin \u0131slah\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve tar\u0131m sigortas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ak\u0131ll\u0131 tar\u0131m kapsam\u0131nda ise;<\/strong> tar\u0131m 4.0 ve dijital tar\u0131m<\/strong> olarak da ifade edilen bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n tar\u0131mda dijital teknolojinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etti\u011fi; tar\u0131mda verimlili\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u0131da \u00fcretimi ve \u00fcretici gelirlerini artt\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda da iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi azalt\u0131m ve uyum hedeflerine ula\u015fmak<\/strong> iddias\u0131nda oldu\u011fu; bu teknolojilerin tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne giren teknoloji \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretildi\u011fi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi.<\/p>\n

Alternatif g\u0131da a\u011flar\u0131 konusunda ise;<\/strong> bu a\u011flar\u0131n dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 ili\u015fkiler kurmay\u0131, adil \u00fcretim ve arac\u0131s\u0131z tedarik ili\u015fkileri in\u015fa etmeyi, ekolojik tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerini (onar\u0131c\u0131, koruyucu, yerel) kullanmay\u0131 hedefledi\u011fi ve politik olarak g\u0131da egemenli\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na yak\u0131n durdu\u011fu<\/em> ifade edildi.<\/p>\n

Konferans\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda konu\u015fan ile \u0130PM Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc ve Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Fuat Keyman<\/strong>, \u201c\u0130PM, demokrasiden sosyal konulara k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir politika ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fu. Son 5-6 y\u0131ld\u0131r<\/strong> Mercator ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong> de \u00f6nemli faaliyet alanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan birini olu\u015fturuyor. \u0130PM, \u00dcmit \u015eahin liderli\u011finde \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara imza atan bir platform haline geldi. Bunu yenilenebilir enerjiyle<\/strong> geni\u015flettik. Bug\u00fcn de tar\u0131mla iklim aras\u0131ndaki<\/strong> ili\u015fkiye odaklan\u0131yoruz\u201d<\/em> dedi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcretti\u011fi sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n %12\u2019si tar\u0131m kaynakl\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Proje ekibi’<\/strong><\/em>nden Fikret Adaman, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcretti\u011fi sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n % 12\u2019sinin tar\u0131m kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, bunun da % 50\u2019sini hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Adaman, \u201cArtan s\u0131cakl\u0131k, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, mevsim kaymalar\u0131, deniz seviyesinin y\u00fckselmesi ve artan \u015fiddetli hava durumu (hortum vs) gibi iklim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri tar\u0131m\u0131 etkilemekte\u201d<\/em> dedi. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Proje sunumu sonras\u0131nda konu\u015fan Z\u00fclk\u00fcf Ayd\u0131n<\/strong>, \u201cProjede disiplinleraras\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla meselelere bak\u0131lmas\u0131 beni \u00e7ok mutlu etti\u201d diyerek, \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini d\u00fcnyada yerle\u015fen k\u00fcresel kapitalizmle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ele almak gerekiyor. Sanayi devriminden sonra iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konu\u015fulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131ve 1980 sonras\u0131 Neoliberal politikalar ile birlikte iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi konu\u015fmalar\u0131 artt\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kendi ba\u015f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. AB ve k\u00fcresel politikalar da bu politikada etkilidir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Huricihan<\/strong> \u0130slamo\u011flu<\/strong> ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalarla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli tar\u0131m\u0131 bertaraf edip b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli tar\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015ftiren politikalar uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. \u0130slamo\u011flu,<\/strong> \u201cTar\u0131mda fakirle\u015fme ve yoksulla\u015fan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda da e\u015fitsizlik var. Tar\u0131mda kriz ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Toplumun di\u011fer kesimleri bu krizden haberdar de\u011fil, tar\u0131m\u0131n d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu. Y\u00fcksek bor\u00e7lanma oranlar\u0131 krizin g\u00f6stergesi\u201d<\/em> dedi.<\/p>\n

Konferans\u0131n sonunda yap\u0131lan genel de\u011ferlendirmede \u015fu hususlara de\u011finildi:<\/span><\/h2>\n

– Tar\u0131mda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyum<\/strong> i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin toplumu adil ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m-g\u0131da sistemi<\/strong>ne do\u011fru g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp g\u00f6t\u00fcrmediklerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n

– Pazara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131ran<\/strong> \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerilerinin e\u015fitsizlikleri derinle\u015ftirmesi olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de adil ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m-g\u0131da sisteminin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n olanaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan alternatif g\u0131da a\u011flar\u0131 politik potansiyelleri ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir; ancak, etkileri en az\u0131ndan k\u0131sa vadede k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Yerel y\u00f6netimlerin ise bu alanda \u00f6nemli bir potansiyeli bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yerel y\u00f6netimlerin \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00fczerinde \u00f6zerk denetimlerini desteklemekte olmalar\u0131 olumludur; ancak, ekonomik ve ekolojik kayg\u0131lar\u0131 dengelemekte yetersiz kalma riskleri de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/u><\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong>‘ne uyum tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda risklerin toplumsal olarak adil b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve bunu sa\u011flayacak sosyal g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n ne olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konular\u0131 mutlaka dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Sabanc\u0131 \u00dcniversitesi \u0130stanbul Politikalar Merkezi (\u0130PM),\u201c\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Tar\u0131m\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Politik Ekolojisi\u201d temal\u0131 konferansa ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131. Konferansta, T\u00fcrkiye tar\u0131m\u0131nda 2000 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":106201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[53,52],"tags":[64669,64679,64673,52259,26559,64667,64675,64665,1999,64670,41159,4531,64676,64680,64671,64672,58194,10368,47380,57125,64678,64677,64668,36831,64674,64681,793,64666],"views":261,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106197"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106197"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":106198,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106197\/revisions\/106198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/106201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}