{"id":103332,"date":"2019-11-22T13:47:08","date_gmt":"2019-11-22T10:47:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/?p=103332"},"modified":"2019-11-22T13:51:36","modified_gmt":"2019-11-22T10:51:36","slug":"soru-ve-cevaplariyla-net-sifir-emisyonu-hakkinda-merak-edilenler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/soru-ve-cevaplariyla-net-sifir-emisyonu-hakkinda-merak-edilenler\/","title":{"rendered":"(Turkish) Soru ve Cevaplar\u0131yla ‘Net S\u0131f\u0131r Emisyonu’ Hakk\u0131nda Merak Edilenler!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish<\/a>. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language.<\/p>

<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyor ki, \u015fiddetli iklim etkilerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 (GHG) emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde sadece yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmesi yetmeyecek, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru net s\u0131f\u0131ra ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekecek.<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Bu aciliyetin fark\u0131nda olan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM)<\/strong> Genel Sekreteri,\u00a0devlet liderlerinden<\/a>\u00a0\u00a02050 \"\"y\u0131l\u0131na kadar net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedeflerini belirleyerek, Eyl\u00fcl 2019<\/strong> tarihli\u00a0BM \u0130klim Eylem Zirvesi<\/a>\u2019ne kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve burada bu hedeflerini duyurmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke, eyaletleri, \u015fehirleri ve \u015firketleri ile birlikte bu hedef i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7meye karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefinin<\/strong> ne anlama geldi\u011fini inceliyor ve hangi \u00fclkelerin halihaz\u0131rda bu t\u00fcr taahh\u00fctler verdi\u011fini ele al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

1- NET SIFIR EM\u0130SYONA ULA\u015eMAK NE ANLAMA GEL\u0130YOR?<\/h2>\n

Mevcut insan kaynakl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131,\u00a0atmosferdeki sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi<\/a>\u00a0(karbon giderimi olarak da bilinen bir i\u015flem) ile dengelendi\u011finde net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyonu yakalayaca\u011f\u0131z. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, fosil yak\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar ve fabrikalar\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu insan kaynakl\u0131 emisyonlar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar s\u0131f\u0131ra indirgenmelidir. Mevcut sera gazlar\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin ormanlar\u0131 onararak veya\u00a0do\u011frudan hava yakalama ve depolama<\/a>\u00a0teknolojisi ile e\u015fde\u011fer miktarda\u00a0karbon giderimi<\/a>\u00a0ile dengelenebilir. Net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon kavram\u0131 \u2018\u2018iklim n\u00f6trl\u00fck (climate neutrality)\u2019\u2019 ile benzerlik g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

2- D\u00dcNYANIN NET SIFIR EM\u0130SYONA NE ZAMAN ULA\u015eMASI GEREK\u0130YOR?<\/h2>\n

Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, \u00fclkeler \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 2\u00b0C\u2019nin<\/strong> alt\u0131nda ve ideal olarak da\u00a01,5\u00b0C<\/a>\u00a0ile s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 kabul etti. D\u00fcnya geneline yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan iklim etkileri<\/strong>, sadece\u00a01,1\u00b0C<\/a>\u2019lik \u0131s\u0131nmayla bile buzullar\u0131n erimesi, y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n ve sert f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ile birlikte, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n en az 1,5\u00b0C d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin<\/strong> aciliyetini g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0Son ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/a>, Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131cakl\u0131k hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon<\/strong>a a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki zaman dilimlerinde ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Is\u0131nmay\u0131 1,5\u00b0C\u2019ye kadar s\u0131n\u0131rlayan senaryolarda, karbondioksit (CO2)<\/strong> ortalama olarak\u00a02050\u00a0<\/strong>(hedefi az a\u015fan veya hi\u00e7 a\u015fmayan senaryolarda<\/a>) ile 2052 (s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce 1,5\u00b0C\u2019nin<\/strong> \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, hedefin \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 senaryolarda) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda net s\u0131f\u0131ra<\/strong> ula\u015f\u0131r. Toplam sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131<\/strong> ise\u00a02063 ile 2068<\/strong>\u00a0aras\u0131nda net s\u0131f\u0131ra<\/strong> ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Is\u0131nman\u0131n 2\u00b0C\u2019ye vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 senaryolarda ise CO2 ortalama<\/strong> olarak\u00a02070<\/strong>\u00a0(2\u00b0C\u2019ye kadar olan \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %66\u2019dan fazla oldu\u011fu senaryolarda) ile\u00a02085<\/strong>\u00a0(%50-66 aras\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131k) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda net s\u0131f\u0131ra ula\u015f\u0131r. Toplam sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131<\/strong> ise y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru net s\u0131f\u0131ra ula\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetler Aras\u0131 \u0130klim Paneli<\/strong>\u2019nin\u00a01,5\u00b0C K\u00fcresel Is\u0131nma \u00d6zel Raporu<\/a>, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyona 10 y\u0131l erken, yani 2040\u2019a kadar ula\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda, \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 1,5\u00b0C\u2019ye kadar s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Emisyonlar zirve noktas\u0131ndayken<\/a>\u00a0ne kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede azalt\u0131l\u0131rsa, net s\u0131f\u0131ra zaman\u0131nda ula\u015fmam\u0131z da bir o kadar ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olur. Ayr\u0131ca, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 2’inci yar\u0131s\u0131nda karbon giderimi i\u015flemine de daha az bel ba\u011flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Daha da \u00f6nemlisi, net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyona ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen zaman plan\u0131, sadece CO2\u2019nin mi yoksa t\u00fcm sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0131 (metan, azot oksit ve yayg\u0131n olarak HFC\u2019ler olarak bilinen hidroflorokarbonlar gibi \u2018\u2018F gazlar\u0131\u2019\u2019) kastedildi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. A\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 daha zor olarak kabul edilen, tar\u0131msal kaynakl\u0131 metan gibi, CO2 harici emisyonlar i\u00e7in net s\u0131f\u0131r tarihi biraz daha ge\u00e7 olacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bu gazlar k\u0131sa vadede s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fckseltir ve 1,5\u00b0C\u2019lik e\u015fi\u011fin de daha \u00f6nceden ge\u00e7ilmesine sebep olur.<\/p>\n

Bundan dolay\u0131, \u00fclkelerin net s\u0131f\u0131r hedeflerinin yaln\u0131zca CO2\u2019yi mi yoksa t\u00fcm sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesi \u00f6nemlidir. Kapsaml\u0131 bir net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyon hedefi, CO2 harici gazlar\u0131n da azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermelidir.<\/p>\n

3- T\u00dcM \u00dcLKELER\u0130N NET SIFIRA AYNI ZAMANDA ULA\u015eMASI GEREKL\u0130 M\u0130?<\/h2>\n

\u00dclkelerin ekonomileri ve geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyleri geni\u015f \u00e7apta de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finden dolay\u0131 her \u00fclke i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 zaman \u00e7izelgesinden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bununla birlikte, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul edilmi\u015f hedefleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, atmosferin kald\u0131rabilece\u011fi toplam emisyonlar\u0131n da fiziksel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 var. En az\u0131ndan ABD, Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve \u00c7in gibi ba\u015fl\u0131ca emisyon yayan \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgelerin 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar net s\u0131f\u0131r sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. Yoksa bu denklem, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ge\u00e7ersiz kalacakt\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomilerin k\u00fcresel emisyonlar\u0131n gidi\u015fat\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ba\u015fl\u0131ca emisyon yay\u0131c\u0131 olan bu \u00fclkeler \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce net s\u0131f\u0131ra ula\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4- KA\u00c7 \u00dcLKEN\u0130N NET SIFIR HEDEF\u0130 VAR?<\/h2>\n

Butan<\/a>,\u00a0Kosta Rika<\/a>,\u00a0Danimarka<\/a>,\u00a0Fiji<\/a>,\u00a0Finlandiya<\/a>,\u00a0Fransa<\/a>,\u00a0\u0130zlanda<\/a>,\u00a0Japonya<\/a>,\u00a0Mar\u015fal Adalar\u0131<\/a>,\u00a0Norve\u00e7<\/a>,\u00a0Portekiz<\/a>,\u00a0\u0130sve\u00e7<\/a>,\u00a0\u0130svi\u00e7re<\/a>,\u00a0Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0Uruguay<\/a>\u00a0olmak \u00fczere on be\u015f \u00fclke hemen net s\u0131f\u0131r hedeflerini benimsedi. G\u00fcncel \u00fclkeler listesine\u00a0burada<\/a>n da ula\u015fabilirsiniz. Bu listeye her ay yeni \u00fclkeler eklense de net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefi ile giderilen k\u00fcresel emisyonlar\u0131n oran\u0131 hala %5 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu hedeflerin baz\u0131lar\u0131 yasada, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise di\u011fer politika dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131nda bulunuyor. Baz\u0131 net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefleri do\u011frudan \u00fclkelerin\u00a0uzun vadeli, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyonlu kalk\u0131nma stratejilerine<\/a>\u00a0dahil edilmi\u015ftir, di\u011fer \u00fclkeler ise uzun vadeli bir strateji sunmadan \u00f6nce net s\u0131f\u0131r hedeflerini benimsemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

5- NET SIFIR EM\u0130SYON HEDEF\u0130NE NASIL ULA\u015eIRIZ?<\/h2>\n

Politika, teknoloji ve davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7iminin bir de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irmesi gerekiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1,5\u00b0C<\/strong> i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan projeksiyonlarda 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar elektri\u011fin %75-80\u2019inin<\/strong> yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Enerji verimlili\u011fi ve yak\u0131t de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemler ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in de kritik \u00f6neme sahip. G\u0131da \u00fcretiminde verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmak, yemek yeme al\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, ormanlar\u0131n tahrip edilmesini durdurmak, vasf\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f arazileri onarmak ve g\u0131da kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve israf\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak da emisyonlar\u0131 azaltmada\u00a0\u00f6nemli bir potansiyele sahip<\/a>. Is\u0131nmay\u0131 1,5\u00b0C<\/strong> ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan yap\u0131sal ve ekonomik ge\u00e7i\u015fin, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek karbonlu sanayiler<\/strong> i\u00e7in ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde iyi haber de \u015fu: ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu teknolojilerin<\/strong> \u00e7o\u011fu zaten mevcut ve giderek daha uygun maliyetli hale geliyor. Piyasalar bu f\u0131rsatlara ve y\u00fcksek karbonlu bir ekonominin risklerinin fark\u0131na var\u0131yor ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da de\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

Bunlara ek olarak, karbon giderimine yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. IPCC<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 1,5\u00b0C hedefini<\/strong> ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in de\u011ferlendirilen farkl\u0131 yollar, farkl\u0131 seviyelerde karbon giderimine<\/strong> dayanmaktad\u0131r. CO2\u2019nin atmosferden kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, havac\u0131l\u0131k gibi s\u0131f\u0131r emisyona ula\u015fman\u0131n<\/strong> daha zor oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rlerden kaynaklanan emisyonlar\u0131 telafi etmek<\/strong> i\u00e7in gerekli olacakt\u0131r. Karbon giderimi, kara k\u00f6kenli yakla\u015f\u0131mlar (ormanlar\u0131n onar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve topra\u011f\u0131n karbon al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi) ve teknolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla (do\u011frudan hava yakalama ve depolama veya madenle\u015ftirme gibi) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n

6- PAR\u0130S ANLA\u015eMASI \u00dcLKELER\u0130N NET SIFIR EM\u0130SYON HEDEF\u0130N\u0130 YAKALAMASINI M\u00dcMK\u00dcN KILIYOR MU?<\/h2>\n

Tek kelimeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, Evet.<\/p>\n

Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n uzun vadeli hedefi, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 2’inci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, e\u015fitlik temelli ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma ve yoksullu\u011fu<\/strong> ortadan kald\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek, insan kaynakl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131<\/strong>n\u0131n sal\u0131m\u0131 ile sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> giderilmesi aras\u0131ndaki dengenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Is\u0131nmay\u0131 2\u00b0C alt\u0131na<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan esas hedef ile 1,5\u00b0C\u2019de<\/strong> tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hedef birle\u015fti\u011finde, Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin<\/strong> en k\u00f6t\u00fc sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131ca emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmelerini ve zaman\u0131nda net s\u0131f\u0131r emisyonlara<\/strong> ula\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 taahh\u00fct ediyor. Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkeleri net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefler<\/strong> belirlemede bir ara\u00e7 olacak\u00a0uzun vadeli ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyonlu kalk\u0131nma stratejileri<\/a>\u00a0sunmaya davet ediyor.<\/p>\n

*Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n orijinali Kelly Levin ve Chantal Davis taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup 1 Eyl\u00fcl 2019<\/strong> tarihinde \u201cWhat Does \u2018Net-Zero Emissions\u2019 Mean? 6 Common Questions, Answered\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla World Resources Institute\u2019a ait blog sayfas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngilizcesine\u00a0buradan<\/a>\u00a0ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/em><\/p>\n

Kaynak: TheCityFixTurkiye<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Turkish. For the sake of viewer convenience, the content is shown below in the alternative language. You may click the link to switch the active language. Yap\u0131lan son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyor ki, \u015fiddetli iklim etkilerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 (GHG) emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde sadece […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[51,53,52],"tags":[55493,61433,61430,52259,26559,61434,41159,4522,61428,61431,61435,61427,51624,61432,61429,61426,56642,27427,10368,46773,38237,793],"views":597,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103332"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103332\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enerjigazetesi.ist\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}